1
|
Rojas-Luna R, Romero-Salguero FJ, Esquivel D, Roy S. Manipulating the Coordination Structure of Molecular Cobalt Sites in Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica for CO 2 Photoreduction. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2024; 7:5924-5936. [PMID: 39055067 PMCID: PMC11267497 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.4c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction, including reaction rate, product selectivity, and longevity, is highly sensitive to the coordination structure of the catalytic active sites, and the precise design of the active site remains a challenge in heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we report on the modulation of the coordination structure of MN x -type active sites (M = Co or Ni; x = 4 or 5) anchored on a periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) support to improve photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The PMO was functionalized with pendant 3,6-di(2'-pyridyl)pyridazine (dppz) groups to allow immobilization of molecular Co and Ni complexes with polypyridine ligands. A comparative analysis of CO2 photoreduction in the presence of an organic photosensitizer (4CzIPN, 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene) and a conventional [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 sensitizer revealed strong influence of the coordination environment on the catalytic performance. CoN5-PMO demonstrated a superior CO2 photoreduction activity than the other materials and displayed a cobalt-based turnover number (TONCO) of 92 for CO evolution at ∼75% selectivity after 3 h irradiation in the presence of 4CzIPN. The hybrid CoN5-PMO catalyst exhibited better activity than its homogeneous [CoN5] counterpart, indicating that the heterogenization promotes the formation of isolated active sites with improved longevity and faster catalytic rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Rojas-Luna
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la
Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
- School
of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K.
| | - Francisco J. Romero-Salguero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la
Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Dolores Esquivel
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la
Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Souvik Roy
- School
of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia X, Nedzbala HS, Bottum SR, Cahoon JF, Concepcion JJ, Donley CL, Gang A, Han Q, Hazari N, Kessinger MC, Lockett MR, Mayer JM, Mercado BQ, Meyer GJ, Pearce AJ, Rooney CL, Sampaio RN, Shang B, Wang H. Synthesis and Surface Attachment of Molecular Re(I) Complexes Supported by Functionalized Bipyridyl Ligands. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2359-2375. [PMID: 36693077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Eleven 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ligands functionalized with attachment groups for covalent immobilization on silicon surfaces were prepared. Five of the ligands feature silatrane functional groups for attachment to metal oxide coatings on the silicon surfaces, while six contain either alkene or alkyne functional groups for attachment to hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces. The bpy ligands were coordinated to Re(CO)5Cl to form complexes of the type Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl, which are related to known catalysts for CO2 reduction. Six of the new complexes were characterized using X-ray crystallography. As proof of principle, four molecular Re complexes were immobilized on either a thin layer of TiO2 on silicon or hydrogen-terminated silicon. The surface-immobilized complexes were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the dark and for one representative example in the light. The CO stretching frequencies of the attached complexes were similar to those of the pure molecular complexes, but the CVs were less analogous. For two of the complexes, comparison of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance showed lower CO Faradaic efficiencies for the immobilized complexes than the same complex in solution under similar conditions. In particular, a complex containing a silatrane linked to bpy with an amide linker showed poor catalytic performance and control experiments suggest that amide linkers in conjugation with a redox-active ligand are not stable under highly reducing conditions and alkyl linkers are more stable. A conclusion of this work is that understanding the behavior of molecular Re catalysts attached to semiconducting silicon is more complicated than related complexes, which have previously been immobilized on metallic electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jia
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hannah S Nedzbala
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Samuel R Bottum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James F Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Albert Gang
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew C Kessinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Adam J Pearce
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Conor L Rooney
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bo Shang
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Hailiang Wang
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stanley PM, Hemmer K, Hegelmann M, Schulz A, Park M, Elsner M, Cokoja M, Warnan J. Topology- and wavelength-governed CO 2 reduction photocatalysis in molecular catalyst-metal-organic framework assemblies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12164-12174. [PMID: 36349115 PMCID: PMC9601321 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03097g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimising catalyst materials for visible light-driven fuel production requires understanding complex and intertwined processes including light absorption and catalyst stability, as well as mass, charge, and energy transport. These phenomena can be uniquely combined (and ideally controlled) in porous host-guest systems. Towards this goal we designed model systems consisting of molecular complexes as catalysts and porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as light-harvesting and hosting porous matrices. Two MOF-rhenium molecule hybrids with identical building units but differing topologies (PCN-222 and PCN-224) were prepared including photosensitiser-catalyst dyad-like systems integrated via self-assembled molecular recognition. This allowed us to investigate the impact of MOF topology on solar fuel production, with PCN-222 assemblies yielding a 9-fold turnover number enhancement for solar CO2-to-CO reduction over PCN-224 hybrids as well as a 10-fold increase compared to the homogeneous catalyst-porphyrin dyad. Catalytic, spectroscopic and computational investigations identified larger pores and efficient exciton hopping as performance boosters, and further unveiled a MOF-specific, wavelength-dependent catalytic behaviour. Accordingly, CO2 reduction product selectivity is governed by selective activation of two independent, circumscribed or delocalised, energy/electron transfer channels from the porphyrin excited state to either formate-producing MOF nodes or the CO-producing molecular catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Stanley
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Karina Hemmer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Markus Hegelmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Annika Schulz
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Mihyun Park
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Julien Warnan
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University of Munich Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang Y. Recent advanced development of metal-loaded mesoporous organosilicas as catalytic nanoreactors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6827-6868. [PMID: 36132354 PMCID: PMC9417426 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00488c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ordered periodic mesoporous organosilicas have been widely applied in adsorption/separation/sensor technologies and the fields of biomedicine/biotechnology as well as catalysis. Crucially, surface modification with functional groups and metal complexes or nanoparticle loading has ensured high efficacy and efficiency. This review will highlight the current state of design and catalytic application of transition metal-loaded mesoporous organosilica nanoreactors. It will outline prominent synthesis approaches for the grafting of metal complexes, metal salt adsorption and in situ preparation of metal nanoparticles, and summarize the catalytic performance of the resulting mesoporous organosilica hybrid materials. Finally, the potential prospects and challenges of metal-loaded mesoporous organosilica nanoreactors are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucang Liang
- Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 Tübingen 72076 Germany +49 7071 292436
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kajiwara T, Ikeda M, Kobayashi K, Higuchi M, Tanaka K, Kitagawa S. Effect of Micropores of a Porous Coordination Polymer on the Product Selectivity in Ru II Complex-catalyzed CO 2 Reduction. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3341-3344. [PMID: 34498403 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To develop an efficient CO2 reduction catalyst, hybridizing a molecular catalyst and a porous coordination polymer (PCP) is a promising strategy because it can combine both advantages of the precise reactivity control of the former and the CO2 adsorption property of the latter. Although several PCP hybrid catalysts have been reported to date, the CO2 sorption behavior and the CO2 reduction reactivity have been investigated separately, and the CO2 enrichment during the catalysis is still unclear. We report CO2 photoreduction under different temperatures and pressures using a PCP-RuII complex hybrid catalyst. The product selectivity (CO or HCOOH) varied depending on the reaction conditions. The altered selectivity could be interpreted in terms of the CO2 capture in the micropores of a PCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kajiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS/iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ikeda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS/iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Kobayashi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS/iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Higuchi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS/iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS/iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitagawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS/iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molecular Dye-Sensitized Photocatalysis with Metal-Organic Framework and Metal Oxide Colloids for Fuel Production. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14144260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal dye-sensitized photocatalysis is a promising route toward efficient solar fuel production by merging properties of catalysis, support, light absorption, and electron mediation in one. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are host materials with modular building principles allowing scaffold property tailoring. Herein, we combine these two fields and compare porous Zr-based MOFs UiO-66-NH2(Zr) and UiO-66(Zr) to monoclinic ZrO2 as model colloid hosts with co-immobilized molecular carbon dioxide reduction photocatalyst fac-ReBr(CO)3(4,4′-dcbpy) (dcbpy = dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine) and photosensitizer Ru(bpy)2(5,5′-dcbpy)Cl2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine). These host-guest systems demonstrate selective CO2-to-CO reduction in acetonitrile in presence of an electron donor under visible light irradiation, with turnover numbers (TONs) increasing from ZrO2, to UiO-66, and to UiO-66-NH2 in turn. This is attributed to MOF hosts facilitating electron hopping and enhanced CO2 uptake due to their innate porosity. Both of these phenomena are pronounced for UiO-66-NH2(Zr), yielding TONs of 450 which are 2.5 times higher than under MOF-free homogeneous conditions, highlighting synergistic effects between supramolecular photosystem components in dye-sensitized MOFs.
Collapse
|