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Wu T, Ge J, Wu Q, Ren X, Meng F, Wang J, Xi S, Wang X, Elouarzaki K, Fisher A, Xu ZJ. Tailoring atomic chemistry to refine reaction pathway for the most enhancement by magnetization in water oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318652121. [PMID: 38687781 PMCID: PMC11087795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318652121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation on magnetic catalysts has generated significant interest due to the spin-polarization effect. Recent studies have revealed that the disappearance of magnetic domain wall upon magnetization is responsible for the observed oxygen evolution reaction (OER) enhancement. However, an atomic picture of the reaction pathway remains unclear, i.e., which reaction pathway benefits most from spin-polarization, the adsorbent evolution mechanism, the intermolecular mechanism (I2M), the lattice oxygen-mediated one, or more? Here, using three model catalysts with distinguished atomic chemistries of active sites, we are able to reveal the atomic-level mechanism. We found that spin-polarized OER mainly occurs at interconnected active sites, which favors direct coupling of neighboring ligand oxygens (I2M). Furthermore, our study reveals the crucial role of lattice oxygen participation in spin-polarized OER, significantly facilitating the coupling kinetics of neighboring oxygen radicals at active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Fanxu Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Jiarui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore627833, Singapore
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kamal Elouarzaki
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Center for Advanced Catalysis Science and Technology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3RA, United Kingdom
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, Singapore138602, Singapore
| | - Zhichuan J. Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Center for Advanced Catalysis Science and Technology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, Singapore138602, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @Nanyang Technological University, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
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Nicholas KM, Lander C, Shao Y. Computational Evaluation of Potential Molecular Catalysts for Nitrous Oxide Decomposition. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14591-14605. [PMID: 36067530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with limited use as a mild anesthetic and underdeveloped reactivity. Nitrous oxide splitting (decomposition) is critical to its mitigation as a GHG. Although heterogeneous catalysts for N2O decomposition have been developed, highly efficient, long-lived solid catalysts are still needed, and the details of the catalytic pathways are not well understood. Reported herein is a computational evaluation of three potential molecular (homogeneous) catalysts for N2O splitting, which could aid in the development of more active and robust catalysts and provide deeper mechanistic insights: one Cu(I)-based, [(CF3O)4Al]Cu (A-1), and two Ru(III)-based, Cl(POR)Ru (B-1) and (NTA)Ru (C-1) (POR = porphyrin, NTA = nitrilotriacetate). The structures and energetic viability of potential intermediates and key transition states are evaluated according to a two-stage reaction pathway: (A) deoxygenation (DO), during which a metal-N2O complex undergoes N-O bond cleavage to produce N2 and a metal-oxo species and (B) (di)oxygen evolution (OER), in which the metal-oxo species dimerizes to a dimetal-peroxo complex, followed by conversion to a metal-dioxygen species from which dioxygen dissociates. For the (F-L)Cu(I) activator (A-1), deoxygenation of N2O is facilitated by an O-bound (F-L)Cu-O-N2 or better by a bimetallic N,O-bonded, (F-L)Cu-NNO-Cu(F-L) complex; the resulting copper-oxyl (F-L)Cu-O is converted exergonically to (F-L)Cu-(η2,η2-O2)-Cu(F-L), which leads to dioxygen species (F-L)Cu(η2-O2), that favorably dissociates O2. Key features of the DO/OER process for (POR)ClRu (B-1) include endergonic N2O coordination, facile N2 evolution from LR'u-N2O-RuL to Cl(POR)RuO, moderate barrier coupling of Cl(POR)RuO to peroxo Cl(POR)Ru(O2)Ru(POR)Cl, and eventual O2 dissociation from Cl(POR)Ru(η1-O2), which is nearly thermoneutral. N2O decomposition promoted by (NTA)Ru(III) (C-1) can proceed with exergonic N2O coordination, facile N2 dissociation from (NTA)Ru-ON2 or (NTA)Ru-N2O-Ru(NTA) to form (NTA)Ru-O; dimerization of the (NTA)Ru-oxo species is facile to produce (NTA)Ru-O-O-Ru(NTA), and subsequent OE from the peroxo species is moderately endergonic. Considering the overall energetics, (F-L)Cu and Cl(POR)Ru derivatives are deemed the best candidates for promoting facile N2O decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Chance Lander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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