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Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P. Polydentate Amidinato-Silylenes, -Germylenes and -Stannylenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400786. [PMID: 38606572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This review article focuses on amidinatotetrylenes that potentially can (or have already shown to) behave as bi- or tridentate ligands because they contain at least one amidinatotetrylene moiety (silylene, germylene or stannylene) and one (or more) additional coordinable fragment(s). Currently, they are being widely used as ligands in coordination chemistry, small molecule activation and catalysis. This review classifies those that have been isolated as transition metal-free compounds into five families that differ in the position(s) of the donor group(s) (D) on the amidinatotetrylene moiety, namely: ED{R1NC(R2)NR1}, EX{DNC(R2)NR1}, EX{R1NC(D)NR1}, EX{DNC(R2)ND} and E{R1NC(R2)ND}2 (E=Si, Ge or Sn). Those that do not exist as transition metal-free compounds but have been observed as ligands in transition metal complexes are cyclometallated and ring-opened amidinatotetrylene ligands. This article presents schematic descriptions of their structures, the approaches used for their syntheses and a quick overview of their involvement (as ligands) in transition metal-catalysed reactions. The literature is covered up to the end of 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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Alonso C, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, García-Soriano R, Pérez-Carreño E. Amidinatotetrylenes Donor Functionalized on Both N Atoms: Structures and Coordination Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3118-3128. [PMID: 38289155 PMCID: PMC10865366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
E(hmds)(bqfam) (E = Ge (1a), Sn (1b); hmds = N(SiMe3)2, bqfam = N,N'-bis(quinol-8-yl)formamidinate), which are amidinatotetrylenes equipped with quinol-8-yl fragments on the amidinate N atoms, have been synthesized from the formamidine Hbqfam and Ge(hmds)2 or SnCl(hmds). Both 1a and 1b are fluxional in solution at room temperature, as the E atom oscillates from being attached to the two amidinate N atoms to being chelated by an amidinate N atom and its closest quinolyl N atom (both situations are similarly stable according to density functional theory calculations). The hmds group of 1a and 1b is still reactive and the deprotonation of another equivalent of Hbqfam can be achieved, allowing the formation of the homoleptic derivatives E(bqfam)2 (E = Ge, Sn). The reactions of 1a and 1b with [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene), [PdCl2(MeCN)2], [PtCl2(cod)] (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene), [Ru3(CO)12] and [Co2(CO)8] have been investigated. The gold(I) complexes [AuCl{κE-E(hmds)(bqfam)}] (E = Ge, Sn) have a monodentate κE-tetrylene ligand and display fluxional behavior in solution the same as that of 1a and 1b. However, the palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes [MCl{κ3E,N,N'-ECl(hmds)(bqfam)}] (M = Pd, Pt; E = Ge, Sn) contain a κ3E,N,N'-chloridotetryl ligand that arises from the insertion of the tetrylene E atom into an M-Cl bond and the coordination of an amidinate N atom and its closest quinolyl N atom to the metal center. Finally, the binuclear ruthenium(0) and cobalt(0) complexes [Ru2{μE-κ3E,N,N'-E(hmds)(bqfam)}(CO)6] and [Co2{μE-κ3E,N,N'-E(hmds)(bqfam)}(μ-CO)(CO)4] (E = Ge, Sn) have a related κ3E,N,N'-tetrylene ligand that bridges two metal atoms through the E atom. For the κ3E,N,N'-metal complexes, the quinolyl fragment not attached to the metal is pendant in all the germanium compounds but, for the tin derivatives, is attached to (in the Pd and Pt complexes) or may interact with (in the Ru2 and Co2 complexes) the tin atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alonso
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier A. Cabeza
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Soriano
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada ORFEO−CINQA, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Carreño
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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Acuña A, Mallet-Ladeira S, Sotiropoulos JM, Maerten E, Cabrera AR, Baceiredo A, Kato T, Rojas RS, Madec D. Stannylenes and Germylenes Stabilized by Tetradentate Bis(amidine) Ligands with a Rigid Naphthalene Backbone. Molecules 2024; 29:325. [PMID: 38257237 PMCID: PMC10819778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An unusual series of germylenes and stannylenes stabilized by new tetradentate bis(amidine) ligands RNC(R')N-linker-NC(R')NR with a rigid naphthalene backbone has been prepared by protonolysis reaction of Lappert's metallylenes [M(HMDS)2] (M = Ge or Sn). Germylenes and stannylenes were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. DFT calculations have been performed to clarify the structural and electronic properties associated with tetradentate bis(amidine) ligands. Stannylene L1Sn shows reactivity through oxidation, oxidative addition, and transmetalation reactions, affording the corresponding gallium and aluminum derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Acuña
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (T.K.)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (UAR 2599), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France;
| | - Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos
- IPREM, UMR 5254, UPPA/CNRS Technopole Helioparc-2, av. Pdt P. Angot, 64053 Pau, Cedex 09, France;
| | - Eddy Maerten
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Alan R. Cabrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (T.K.)
| | - René S. Rojas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - David Madec
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.B.); (T.K.)
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Li Y, Huo SC, Zhang DX, Zhou Q, Yang Y, Roesky HW. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reaction of Digermylenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200141. [PMID: 35470566 PMCID: PMC9400958 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of digermylenes R(EGeL)2 (L=CH[C(Me)N(Ar)]2, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; E=O, R=1,3‐C6H4 (1), 1,4‐C6H4 (2), Me2C(CH2)2 (3); E=NH, R=1,4‐C6H4 (4), 1,4‐C6H10 (5); E=C(O)O, R=1,3‐C6H4 (6)) were synthesized by the reactions of L′Ge (L′=HC[C(CH2)N(Ar)]C(Me)N(Ar), Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with selected diphenols, diol, diamines, and o‐/m‐phthalic acids, respectively. Treatment of digermylene 1,3‐C6H4(OGeL)2 (1) with sulfur, selenium and CuX (X=Cl, Br, I) led to the formation of 1,3‐C6H4[OGe(S)L]2 (8), 1,3‐C6H4[OGe(Se)L]2 (9), and (CuX)2[1,3‐C6H4(OGeL)2]2 (X=Cl (10), Br (11), I (12)), respectively. The obtained products were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China, 410083, Changsha, CHINA
| | | | | | - Qi Zhou
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Ying Yang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Department of Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
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