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Gudiño ED, Santillán JY, Iglesias LE, Iribarren AM. An enzymatic alternative for the synthesis of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 111:1-6. [PMID: 29421031 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new procedure was carried out for the synthesis of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates, involving the use of two enzymes. The first step applied phospholipase D from Streptomyces netropsis and phosphatidylcholine as phosphatidyl donor, to give 5'-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) nucleosides (C, U, A, I). These were selectively hydrolysed in the second step by the action of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus to produce the respective 5'-nucleotides. Application of this methodology on a preparative scale conducted to 5'-adenosine monophosphate in 63% overall yield from adenosine. The regioselectivity of these enzymes avoids protection steps, the overall synthesis is performed under mild reaction conditions and product isolation is easily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban D Gudiño
- Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352-(1876) Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Y Santillán
- Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352-(1876) Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis E Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352-(1876) Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M Iribarren
- Laboratorio de Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352-(1876) Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2
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Baldassarre F, Allegretti C, Tessaro D, Carata E, Citti C, Vergaro V, Nobile C, Cannazza G, D'Arrigo P, Mele A, Dini L, Ciccarella G. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Phospholipids and Their Application as Coating Agents for CaCO3Nano-crystals: Characterization and Intracellular Localization Analysis. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldassarre
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department; University of Salento; Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Chiara Allegretti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; via L. Mancinelli, 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Davide Tessaro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; via L. Mancinelli, 7 20131 Milano Italy
- The Protein Factor; Politecnico di Milano; via L. Mancinelli, 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Carata
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department; University of Salento; Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Cinzia Citti
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department; University of Salento; Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Viviana Vergaro
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department; University of Salento; Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Concetta Nobile
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC; Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- Department of Life Sciences; Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Via Università 4 41121 Modena Italy
| | - Paola D'Arrigo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; via L. Mancinelli, 7 20131 Milano Italy
- The Protein Factor; Politecnico di Milano; via L. Mancinelli, 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; via L. Mancinelli, 7 20131 Milano Italy
- The Protein Factor; Politecnico di Milano; via L. Mancinelli, 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Luciana Dini
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department; University of Salento; Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department & UdR INSTM of Lecce; University of Salento; Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC; Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche; Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
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3
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D’Arrigo P, Cerioli L, Chiappe C, Panzeri W, Tessaro D, Mele A. Improvements in the enzymatic synthesis of phosphatidylserine employing ionic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzed synthesis of phosphatidyl-glucose in biphasic reaction system. Food Chem 2012; 135:373-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Continuous monitoring of phospholipid vesicle hydrolysis by phospholipase D (PLD) reveals differences in hydrolysis by PLDs from 2 Streptomyces species. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Nair A, Radiman S, Said M. Simple Thermodynamically-Derived Model for Predicting the Hydrolase and Transferase Activity of Phospholipase D in the Synthesis of Phosphatidylglycerol. Lipid Insights 2012. [DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s8376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of a single and pure phospholipid via transphosphatidylation has been a much sought after endeavor in the pharmaceutical and nonmedical industries. For this reason, phosphatidylglycerol, a lung surfactant, was produced from phosphatidylcholine with defined fatty acids, ie, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Substrate type and concentration, enzyme source, and reaction temperature were investigated. Phospholipase D from two sources, ie, savoy cabbage, was purified in the authors’ laboratory and a commercially available Streptomyces species was used for this study. The substrates used were glycerol, a polyhydric alcohol, and solketal, a monohydric form of glycerol. The progress of the reaction was monitored using thin layer chromatography, and synthesis with solketal, an unusual form of glycerol, was confirmed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Surface response methodology used on four combinations of enzyme and substrate at various temperatures (30 °C–60 °C) and concentration (0.25–1 mM) revealed that yield and selectivity was temperature-driven and predictable. To validate further the thermodynamic attributes, a modified version of the Eyring equation was derived from selectivity and the Arhenius equation. These equations provide some useful insights into the difference in activation of enthalpy change(ΔΔH++) and difference in activation of entropy change(ΔΔS++). Plots of ln[PG]/[PA] versus 1/T gave good linear fits for these four combinations. In addition, a new thermodynamic parameter known as TPG = PAhas emerged as a theoretical temperature for equivalent transferase and hydrolase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Nair
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahidan Radiman
- School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mamot Said
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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7
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Discrimination between the regioisomeric 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerophosphocholines by phospholipases. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Recent progress on phospholipases: different sources, assay methods, industrial potential and pathogenicity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:991-1022. [PMID: 21302142 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant studies on phospholipases optimization, characterization, physiological role and industrial potential have been conducted worldwide. Some of them have been directed for biotechnological advances such as gene discovery and functional enhancement by protein engineering. Others reported phospholipases as virulence factor and major cause of pathophysiological effects. A general overview on phospholipase is needed for the identification of new reliable and efficient phospholipase, which would be potentially used in number of industrial and medical applications. Phospholipases catalyse the hydrolysis of one or more ester and phosphodiester bonds of glycerophospholipids. They vary in site of action on phospholipid which can be used industrially for modification/production of new phospholipids. Catalytically active phospholipase mainly use phosphatidylcholine as major substrate, but they can also show specificity with other phospholipids. Several accurate phospholipase assay methods are known, but a rapid and reliable method for high-throughput screening is still a challenge for efficient supply of superior phospholipases and their practical applications. Major application of phospholipase is in industries like oil refinery, health food manufacturing, dairy, cosmetics etc. All types of phospholipases can be involved as virulence factor. They can also be used as diagnostic markers for microbial infection. The importance of phospholipase in virulence is proven and inhibitors of the enzyme can be used as candidate for preventing the associated disease.
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Nakazawa Y, Sagane Y, Kikuchi T, Uchino M, Nagai T, Sato H, Toeda K, Takano K. Purification, Biochemical Characterization, and Cloning of Phospholipase D from Streptomyces racemochromogenes Strain 10-3. Protein J 2010; 29:598-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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D'Arrigo P, Servi S. Synthesis of lysophospholipids. Molecules 2010; 15:1354-77. [PMID: 20335986 PMCID: PMC6257299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
New synthetic methods for the preparation of biologically active phospholipids and lysophospholipids (LPLs) are very important in solving problems of membrane-chemistry and biochemistry. Traditionally considered just as second-messenger molecules regulating intracellular signalling pathways, LPLs have recently shown to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, reproduction, angiogenesis, tumorogenesis, atherosclerosis and nervous system regulation. Elucidation of the mechanistic details involved in the enzymological, cell-biological and membrane-biophysical roles of LPLs relies obviously on the availability of structurally diverse compounds. A variety of chemical and enzymatic routes have been reported in the literature for the synthesis of LPLs: the enzymatic transformation of natural glycerophospholipids (GPLs) using regiospecific enzymes such as phospholipases A1 (PLA1), A2 (PLA2) phospholipase D (PLD) and different lipases, the coupling of enzymatic processes with chemical transformations, the complete chemical synthesis of LPLs starting from glycerol or derivatives. In this review, chemo-enzymatic procedures leading to 1- and 2-LPLs will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola D'Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy. paola.d'
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11
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Mansfeld J, Ulbrich-Hofmann R. Modulation of phospholipase D activity in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:913-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Kuppe K, Kerth A, Blume A, Ulbrich-Hofmann R. Calcium-induced membrane microdomains trigger plant phospholipase D activity. Chembiochem 2009; 9:2853-9. [PMID: 18942690 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant alpha-type phospholipase D proteins are calcium-dependent, lipolytic enzymes. The morphology of the aggregates of their phospholipid substrate fundamentally defines the interaction between the enzyme and the surface. Here we demonstrate that the Ca(2+)-induced generation of membrane microdomains dramatically activates alpha-type phospholipase D from white cabbage. 500-fold stimulation was observed upon incorporation of 10 mol % 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (POPA) into 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) vesicles in the presence of Ca(2+) ions. Enhanced association of PLDalpha2 with phospholipid surfaces containing anionic components was indicated by lag phase analysis and film balance measurements. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the POPA-specific activation correlates with the phase behavior of the POPC/POPA vesicles in the presence of Ca(2+) ions. We conclude from the results that the Ca(2+)-induced formation of POPA microdomains is the crucial parameter that facilitates the binding of PLD to the phospholipid surface and suggest that this effect serves as a cellular switch for controlling PLD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kuppe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Strasse 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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13
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Nakazawa Y, Sato H, Uchino M, Takano K. Purification, Characterization and Cloning of Phospholipase D from Peanut Seeds. Protein J 2006; 25:212-23. [PMID: 16703472 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-006-9004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We purified phospholipase D (PLD) enzyme from peanut seeds, and the PLD enzyme eluted as two distinct peak fractions on Mono-Q chromatography, the first of which was characterized. N-terminal sequencing indicated that the N-terminus was blocked. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 92 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 5.0, and the Km value against its substrate phosphatidylcholine (PC), in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2 and 4 mM deoxycholate, was estimated to be 0.072 mM. The enzyme catalyzed two reactions, i.e., hydrolysis of PC generating phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline, and transphosphatidylation of the PA-moiety in the PC molecule to the acceptor glycerol, generating phosphatidylglycerol. Furthermore, we cloned two types of full-length cDNA, Ahpld1 and Ahpld2, each encoding distinct PLD molecules having 794 and 807 residues, respectively. The partial amino acid sequence of the purified PLD was consistent with the deduced sequence of AhPLD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
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14
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Lerchner A, Mansfeld J, Schäffner I, Schöps R, Beer HK, Ulbrich-Hofmann R. Two highly homologous phospholipase D isoenzymes from Papaver somniferum L. with different transphosphatidylation potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2005; 1737:94-101. [PMID: 16257263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genes of two phospholipase D (PLD) isoenzymes, PLD1 and PLD2, from poppy seedlings (2829 and 2828 bp) were completely sequenced. The two genes have 96.9% identity in the encoding region and can be assigned to the alpha-type of plant PLDs. The corresponding amino acid sequences do not contain any signal sequences. One Asn-glycosylation site, six and two phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase, respectively, and two phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding motifs could be identified. Like in most plant PLDs, two HKD motifs and one C2 domain are present. PLD1 and PLD2 have ten and nine cysteine residues. The two enzymes were expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity by Ca2+ ion-mediated hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The Ca2+ ion concentration needed for carrier binding of the two enzymes in chromatography as well as for optimum activity was found to be considerably higher (>100 mM) than with other alpha-type plant PLDs. Although PLD1 and PLD2 differ in eleven amino acids only, they showed remarkable differences in their transphosphatidylation activity. Two amino acid exchanges within and near the first HKD motif contribute to this difference as shown by the A349E/E352Q-variant of PLD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lerchner
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Kurt Mothes Str. 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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15
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Phospholipases: Occurrence and production in microorganisms, assay for high-throughput screening, and gene discovery from natural and man-made diversity. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-005-1131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Guo Z, Vikbjerg AF, Xu X. Enzymatic modification of phospholipids for functional applications and human nutrition. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 23:203-59. [PMID: 15763405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid progress in biochemistry of phospholipids and evolution of modern bioengineering has brought forth a number of novel concepts and technical advancements in the modification of phospholipids for industrial applications and human nutrition. Highlights cover preparation of novel phospholipid analogs based on the latest understanding of pivotal role of phospholipids in manifold biological processes, exploration of remarkable application potentials of phospholipids in meliorating human health, as well as development of new chemical and biotechnological approaches applied to the modification of phospholipids. This work reviews the natural occurrence and structural characteristics of phospholipids, their updated knowledge on manifold biological and nutritional functions, traditional and novel physical and chemical approaches to modify phospholipids as well as their applications to obtain novel phospholipids, and brief introduction of the efforts focusing on de novo syntheses of phospholipids. Special attention is given to the summary of molecular structural characteristics and catalytic properties of multiple phospholipases, which helps to interpret experimental phenomena and to improve reaction design. This will of course provide fundamental bases also for the development of enzymatic technology to produce structured or modified phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- Food Biotechnology and Engineering Group, BioCentrum-DTU, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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17
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Oblozinsky M, Ulbrich-Hofmann R, Bezakova L. Head group specificity of phospholipase D isoenzymes from poppy seedlings (Papaver somniferum L.). Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:181-5. [PMID: 15717127 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-004-7853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The biocatalytical potential of two new phospholipase D (PLD) isoenzymes from poppy seedlings (Papaver somniferum L.), PLD-A and PLD-B, was examined by comparing their activities in phospholipid transformation. Both enzymes showed the same ratio in rates of hydrolysis [phosphatidylcholine (PC):phosphatidylglycerol (PG):phosphatidylserine:phosphatidylinositol = 1:0.5:0.3:0.1] and were inactive towards phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PLD-A did not catalyze head group exchange whereas PLD-B showed a high transphosphatidylation potential in the conversion of PC into PG and PE. This enzyme also catalyzed the transesterification of octadecylphosphocholine into octadecylphosphoglycerol or octadecylphosphoethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oblozinsky
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinciakova 8, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Sato R, Itabashi Y, Hatanaka T, Kuksis A. Asymmetric in vitro synthesis of diastereomeric phosphatidylglycerols from phosphatidylcholine and glycerol by bacterial phospholipase D. Lipids 2004; 39:1013-8. [PMID: 15691024 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using chiral-phase HPLC, we determined the stereochemical configuration of the phosphatidylglycerols (PtdGro) synthesized in vitro from 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PtdCho, R configuration) or 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PtdEtn, R configuration) and glycerol by transphosphatidylation with bacterial phospholipase D (PLD). The results obtained with PLD preparations from three Streptomyces strains (S. septatus TH-2, S. halstedii K5, and S. halstedii subsp. scabies K6) and one Actinomadura species were compared with those obtained using cabbage and peanut PLD. The reaction was carried out at 30 degrees C in a biphasic system consisting of diethyl ether and acetate buffer. The resulting PtdGro were then converted into bis(3,5-dinitrophenylurethane) derivatives, which were separated on an (R)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine polymer. In contrast to the cabbage and peanut PLD, which gave equimolar mixtures of the R,S and R,R diastereomers, as previously established, the bacterial PLD yielded diastereomixtures of 30-40% 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-sn-glycerol (R,S configuration) and 60-70% 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-3'-sn-glycerol (R,R configuration). The highest disproportionation was found for the Streptomyces K6 species. The present study demonstrates that bacterial PLD-catalyzed transphosphatidylation proceeds to a considerable extent stereoselectively to produce PtdGro from PtdCho or PtdEtn and prochiral glycerol, indicating a preference for the sn-3' position of the glycerol molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sato
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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19
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Sato R, Itabashi Y, Suzuki A, Hatanaka T, Kuksis A. Effect of temperature on the stereoselectivity of phospholipase D toward glycerol in the transphosphatidylation of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylglycerol. Lipids 2004; 39:1019-23. [PMID: 15691025 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of temperature on the stereoselectivity of phospholipase D (PLD) toward the two primary hydroxyl groups of glycerol in the transphosphatidylation reaction of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro) was investigated. For this purpose, PLD from bacteria (Streptomyces septatus TH-2, S. halstedii subsp. scabies K6, and Actinomadura sp.) and cabbage were tested. At the reaction temperatures employed (0-60 degrees C), the proportions of the two PtdGro diastereomers, namely, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-3'-sn-glycerol (R,R configuration) and 1 ,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-sn-glycerol (R,S configuration), which were produced with PLD from Streptomyces TH-2 and Actinomadura sp., changed gradually from 50% R,R and 50% R,S at 50-60 degrees C to 70% R,R and 30% R,S at 0 degrees C. These alterations suggested that the stereoselectivity of the bacterial PLD toward the two primary hydroxyl groups of prochiral glycerol was significantly influenced by reaction temperature. PLD from Streptomyces K6 showed relatively little effect of temperature on stereoselectivity, giving 65-69% R,R in the temperature range of 60-10 degrees C examined. The plots of In ([R,R]/[R,S]) vs. 1/T gave good linear fits for these three bacterial PLD. No temperature effect was observed for cabbage PLD, which gave an almost equimolar mixture of the R,R and R,S diastereomers in the range from 0 to 40 degrees C. The temperature-dependent change in enantiomeric selectivity of the bacterial PLD promises potentially profitable commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sato
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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