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Kanprakobkit W, Kielarova SW, Wichai U, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kielar F. Incrementing MCT Character of Coconut Oil Using Enzyme Catalyzed Interesterification. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:87-97. [PMID: 36504191 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of coconut oil was modified using enzyme catalyzed interesterification with the aim of obtaining a product more alike to commercial MCT oils. This modification was carried out with the aim to obtain a product with some of the health benefits shown by MCT oils. Initially, lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin and lipozyme TL IM were tested as enzyme catalysts for the reaction. The enzyme catalysts have shown similar performance and lipozyme TL IM has been chosen as the catalyst based on its lower cost. The effects of reaction time, oil to methyl octanoate ratio, and enzyme loading on the reaction performance have been investigated with response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the Box-Behnken approach. The optimized reaction was scaled up to 20 g. The possibility to source the medium chain fatty acid esters from coconut oil fatty acid distillate using a simple procedure was demonstrated and the possibility to use these esters for the interesterification of coconut oil has been demonstrated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winranath Kanprakobkit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
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Nimbkar S, Leena MM, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Medium chain triglycerides (MCT): State-of-the-art on chemistry, synthesis, health benefits and applications in food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:843-867. [PMID: 35181994 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are esters of fatty acids with 6 to 12 carbon atom chains. Naturally, they occur in various sources; their composition and bioactivity are source and extraction process-linked. The molecular size of MCT oil permits unique metabolic pathways and energy production rates, making MCT oil a high-value functional food. This review details the common sources of MCT oil, presenting critical information on the various approaches for MCT oil extraction or synthesis. Apart from conventional techniques, non-thermal processing methods that show promising prospects are analyzed. The biological effects of MCT oil are summarized, and the range of need-driven modification approaches are elaborated. A section is devoted to highlighting the recent trends in the application of MCT oil for food, nutraceuticals, and allied applications. While much is debated about the role of MCT oil in human health and wellness, there is limited information on daily requirements, impact on specific population groups, and effects of long-term consumption. Nonetheless, several studies have been conducted and continue to identify the most effective methods for MCT oil extraction, processing, handling, and storage. A knowledge gap exists and future research must focus on technology packages for scalability and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Nimbkar
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India
| | - M Maria Leena
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India
| | - J A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India
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Insights in the biocatalyzed hydrolysis, esterification and transesterification of waste cooking oil with a vegetable lipase. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kouteu PAN, Blin J, Baréa B, Barouh N, Villeneuve P. Solvent-Free Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Crude Lipase Powder from Seeds: Effects of Alcohol Polarity, Glycerol, and Thermodynamic Water Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8683-8690. [PMID: 28880083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of crude lipase powders made from Adansonia grandidieri and Jatropha mahafalensis seeds for the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters in a solvent-free system. The influence of the nature of the alcohol, the amount of glycerol, and hydration of the powder was investigated. Results showed that the activity of these crude lipase powders was inversely proportional to the alcohol polarity and the amount of the glycerol in the reaction medium. To ensure optimum activity, A. grandidieri and J. mahafalensis powders must be conditioned to a water activity of 0.33 and 0.66. To obtain a fatty acid ethyl ester yield greater than 95% with A. grandidieri, ethanol should be introduced at an amount corresponding to a triacylglycerol to ethanol molar ratio of 2:1 every 15 h for 96 h and use 25% of preconditioned crude lipase powders (2 additions of 12.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Alain Nanssou Kouteu
- Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (2iE), Laboratoire Biomasse Énergie et Biocarburants (LBEB) , Rue de la Science, 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 1208 Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes , 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Blin
- Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (2iE), Laboratoire Biomasse Énergie et Biocarburants (LBEB) , Rue de la Science, 01 BP 594, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) , 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34393 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Baréa
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) , 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34393 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Barouh
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) , 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34393 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) , 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34393 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
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Armendáriz-Ruiz M, Mateos-Díaz E, Rodríguez-González JA, María Camacho-Ruiz R, Gutiérrez-Mora A, Sandoval-Fabian G, Gallegos-Tintoré S, Mateos-Díaz JC. Carica papayaby-products as new biocatalysts for the synthesis of oleic acid esters. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2015.1101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Su E, Wei D. Production of fatty acid butyl esters using the low cost naturally immobilized Carica papaya lipase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6375-6381. [PMID: 24954104 DOI: 10.1021/jf501993v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the low cost naturally immobilized Carica papaya lipase (CPL) was investigated for production of fatty acid butyl esters (FABE) to fulfill the aim of reducing the lipase cost in the enzymatic butyl-biodiesel process. The CPL showed specificities to different alcohol acyl acceptors. Alcohols with more than three carbon atoms did not have negative effects on the CPL activity. The CPL catalyzed butanolysis for FABE production was systematically investigated. The reaction solvent, alcohol/oil molar ratio, enzyme amount, reaction temperature, and water activity all affected the butanolysis process. Under the optimized conditions, the highest conversion of 96% could be attained in 24 h. These optimal conditions were further applied to CPL catalyzed butanolysis of other vegetable oils. All of them showed very high conversion. The CPL packed-bed reactor was further developed, and could be operated continuously for more than 150 h. All of these results showed that the low cost Carica papaya lipase can be used as a promising lipase for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzheng Su
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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Campillo-Alvarado G, Tovar-Miranda R. Recent advances and applications of the lipolytic activity of Carica papaya latex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barouh N, Abdelkafi S, Fouquet B, Pina M, Scheirlinckx F, Carrière F, Villeneuve P. Neutral Lipid Characterization of Non-Water-Soluble Fractions of Carica Papaya Latex. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cambon E, Bourlieu C, Salum TFC, Piombo G, Dubreucq E, Villeneuve P. Ability of Vasconcellea×heilbornii lipase to catalyse the synthesis of alkyl esters from vegetable oils. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cambon E, Gouzou F, Pina M, Barea B, Barouh N, Lago R, Ruales J, Tsai SW, Villeneuve P. Comparison of the lipase activity in hydrolysis and acyl transfer reactions of two latex plant extracts from babaco (Vasconcellea x Heilbornii Cv.) and Plumeria rubra: Effect of the Aqueous microenvironment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:2726-31. [PMID: 16569067 DOI: 10.1021/jf052505k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic properties of Plumeria rubra latex have been evaluated for the first time, showing a high activity in both hydrolysis and synthesis reactions, and compared to the biocatalytic behavior of babaco (Vasconcellea x Heilbornii cv.) latex. Both biocatalysts have been optimized by studying the various parameters that influence reaction kinetics. The optimum temperatures for hydrolysis reactions were 50 and 55 degrees C for babaco and Plumeria, respectively. The optimum pH for babaco latex was 7, whereas for Plumeria latex, two optimal pH values (4 and 7) were observed. With regard to esterification and acyl transfer reactions such as alcoholysis and interesterification, the influence of thermodynamic water activity on reaction yields was determined and correlated with water sorption and desorption isotherms. When babaco latex is used as a biocatalyst, optimal synthesis reaction yields are obtained when the enzymatic extract is stabilized at a water activity value of 0.38, which corresponds to a water content of 5.7%. This optimal level of hydration is located on the linear portion of the biocatalyst's sorption isotherm, where the water molecules exhibit high-energy interactions with the protein network. In synthesis reactions (esterification, alcoholysis, and interesterification) biocatalyzed by Plumeria latex, correlation between best reaction yields and water activity cannot be done. Indeed, the sorption isotherm plot has an atypical shape, indicating that water might be trapped in the latex matrix and, consequently, that the water content of the biocatalyst is highly dependent on the hydration history of the latex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Cambon
- UMR IATE, Laboratoire de Lipotechnie, CIRAD, TA 40/16, 73 rue Jean François Breton, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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