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Yort L, Singanusong R, Yuenyong J, Sookwong P, Jiamyangyuen S. Optimization of Vitamin E Extraction from Rice Bran Oil Deodorizer Distillate using Response Surface Methodology. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD) is the low valuable secondary product of refinery rice bran oil. However, RBODD contains bioactive compounds such as vitamin E, gamma-oryzanols, and phytosterols. To increase value of vitamin E obtained from underutilized product, tocopherols and tocotrienols were extracted from RBODD using ethanol followed by a freezing step. The response surface method (RSM) is known as a potential tool for optimizing processing parameters in order to save time, energy, and chemical material. In current study, vitamin E extract (VEE) was extracted using ethanol and response surface method (RSM) was employed to investigate the optimum condition. The ratio of RBODD: ethanol (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15) and the incubation temperature (0, -20, and -40℃) of vitamin E extraction were used to design the experiment using a central composite design (CCD). Once the optimization process was completed, the RSM was executed using the following 5 responses simultaneously: VEET3, VEEToc, VEETot, RecoveryVEE, and YieldVEE. Results showed that values of each parameter were VEET3 (10.69-89.60 mg/g), VEEToc (2.85-23.37 mg/g), VEETot (13.53-112.97mg/g), RecoveryVEE (16.15-134.76%), and YieldVEE (12.64-44.48%). All model predictions were significant (p-value < 0.05), with non-significant lack of fit (> 0.05). In addition, the values of R2 and R2(Adj) of model were in the range of 0.922-0.988 and 0.893-0.982, respectively. According to these findings, response values were associated with RBODD:ethanol ratio and the incubation temperature. The ratio 1:9.5 (RBODD: Ethanol) and incubation temperature at -26.5 ℃ provided the optimal condition for vitamin E extraction from RBODD. At this optimum condition, it was determined that the predicted responses for VEET3, VEEToc, VEETot, RecoveryVEE, and YieldVEE were 81.87 mg/g, 23.70 mg/g, 103.64 mg/g, 123.63 %, and 20.05%, respectively. The obtained product with high content of tocopherol and tocotrienol can be used as ingredient in food as well as pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laichheang Yort
- 1Department of Ago-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environments, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Riantong Singanusong
- Department of Ago-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environments, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Jitkunya Yuenyong
- 2Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phumon Sookwong
- 2Rice and Cereal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Jiamyangyuen
- 1Department of Ago-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environments, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Gore AJ, Bhagwat SS. Separation of tocol (tocopherol & tocotrienol) and phytosterols from palm fatty acid distillate by saponification and purification by low temperature solvent crystallization. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2962-2971. [PMID: 35872719 PMCID: PMC9304468 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The tocotrienols (T3) are the vitamin E family members with excellent antioxidant properties and prevent autocatalytic lipid peroxidation. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a volatile organic material obtained during palm oil refining and consists of tocol (α-tocopherol/T, α, γ, β, and δ- tocotrienol/T3) up to 0.8% and represents a potential source for recovering these valuable compounds. Various methods have been studied to extract vitamin E; however, only a few are commercially available. To fulfil the need for technology for recovering these minor components, leaching the tocotrienol from solidified PFAD was carried out. In this study, the fatty acid of PFAD was saponified using NaHCO3/Ca(OH)2 and extracted the unsaponifiable fraction using solvent. Further, fraction was purified by low temperature solvent based crystallization using hexane at 5 ± 1.0 °C for 24 h and removed sterol. The best determined parameters like reaction time (30 min), the ratio of PFAD to Ca(OH)2 (1,w/w), reaction temperature (30 °C) and stirring speed 300 rpm were yielded up to 98.6% fatty acid conversion to calcium soap and extraction with hexane obtained higher concentration of tocol (28.1%). The sterol separated from the tocol rich fraction by low temperature solvent crystallization contains up to 37.1% of phytosterol (β-sitosterol) concentration. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05402-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Jayavant Gore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Sunil Subhash Bhagwat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019 India
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Liu W, Fu X, Li Z. Extraction of Tocopherol from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate by Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:951-958. [PMID: 31511471 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural tocopherols have strong antioxidant and physiological functions, which are mainly produced from vegetable oil deodorized distillates. In this work, a simple and green solvent extraction method based on deep eutectic solvent has been developed to simultaneously extract three isomers of tocopherols (α, γ and δ-tocopherols) from soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD). The key factor to affect the solvent extraction efficiency was proposed that phenolic deep eutectic solvents interacted with targeted tocopherols mainly through π-π bonds interaction. This sustainable extraction process included two steps. Firstly, total tocopherols were extracted from SODD at room temperature by phenolic deep eutectic solvent composed of ChCl and p-cresol. Subsequently, tocopherols were successfully separated from deep eutectic solvent phase by re-extraction with n-hexane, and tocopherols products could be simply recovered. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction efficiency of total tocopherols (α, γ and δ-tocopherols) from SODD was 77.6% after extraction with phenolic deep eutectic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Xianli Fu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
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Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction from Rice Bran Demonstrates Potent Radiation Protection Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:148791. [PMID: 26425129 PMCID: PMC4573888 DOI: 10.1155/2015/148791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin E analogs δ-tocotrienol (DT3) and γ-tocotrienol (GT3) have significant protective and mitigative capacity against the detrimental effects of ionizing radiation (IR). However, the expense of purification limits their potential use. This study examined the tocotrienol-rich fraction of rice bran (TRFRB) isolated from rice bran deodorizer distillate, a rice oil refinement waste product, to determine its protective effects against IR induced oxidative damage and H2O2. Several cell lines were treated with tocotrienols or TRFRB prior to or following exposure to H2O2 or IR. To determine the radioprotective capacity cells were analyzed for morphology, mitochondrial bioenergetics, clonogenic survival, glutathione oxidation, cell cycle, and migration rate. TRFRB displayed similar antioxidant activity compared to pure tocotrienols. Cells pretreated with TRFRB or DT3 exhibited preserved cell morphology and mitochondrial respiration when exposed to H2O2. Oxidized glutathione was decreased in TRFRB treated cells exposed to IR. TRFRB reversed mitochondrial uncoupling and protected cells migration rates following IR exposure. The protective antioxidant capacity of TRFRB treated cells against oxidative injury was similar to that of purified DT3. TRFRB effectively protects normal cells against IR induced injury suggesting that rice bran distillate may be an inexpensive and abundant alternate source.
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Kordsmeier M, Howard LR, Brownmiller C, Proctor A, Hauer-Jensen M. Isolation of Gamma and Delta Tocotrienols from Rice Bran Oil Deodorizer Distillate Using Flash Chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sawadikiat P, Hongsprabhas P. Phytosterols and γ-oryzanol in rice bran oils and distillates from physical refining process. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pattong Sawadikiat
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Parichat Hongsprabhas
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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Pestana-Bauer VR, Zambiazi RC, Mendonça CRB, Beneito-Cambra M, Ramis-Ramos G. γ-Oryzanol and tocopherol contents in residues of rice bran oil refining. Food Chem 2012; 134:1479-83. [PMID: 25005970 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran oil (RBO) contains significant amounts of the natural antioxidants γ-oryzanol and tocopherols, which are lost to a large degree during oil refining. This results in a number of industrial residues with high contents of these phytochemicals. With the aim of supporting the development of profitable industrial procedures for γ-oryzanol and tocopherol recovery, the contents of these phytochemicals in all the residues produced during RBO refining were evaluated. The samples included residues from the degumming, soap precipitation, bleaching earth filtering, dewaxing and deodorisation distillation steps. The highest phytochemical concentrations were found in the precipitated soap for γ-oryzanol (14.2 mg g(-1), representing 95.3% of total γ-oryzanol in crude RBO), and in the deodorisation distillate for tocopherols (576 mg 100 g(-1), representing 6.7% of total tocopherols in crude RBO). Therefore, among the residues of RBO processing, the deodorisation distillate was the best source of tocopherols. As the soap is further processed for the recovery of fatty acids, samples taken from every step of this secondary process, including hydrosoluble fraction, hydrolysed soap, distillation residue and purified fatty acid fraction, were also analyzed. The distillation residue left after fatty acid recovery from soap was found to be the best source of γ-oryzanol (43.1 mg g(-1), representing 11.5% of total γ-oryzanol in crude RBO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ribeiro Pestana-Bauer
- Department of Science and Agro-Industrial Technology, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitario, Cx.P. 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Rui C Zambiazi
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitario, Cx.P. 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Carla R B Mendonça
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universitario, Cx.P. 354, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Miriam Beneito-Cambra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ramis-Ramos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Ko SN, Kim CJ, Kim CT, Kim Y, Kim IH. Effects of tocopherols and tocotrienols on the inhibition of autoxidation of conjugated linoleic acid. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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