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Review on the Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics in o/w Emulsions along with the Impact of a Few Important Factors on Their Interfacial Behaviour. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review paper focuses on the antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds in oil in water (o/w) emulsion systems. The authors first provide an overview of the most recent studies on the activity of common, naturally occurring phenolic compounds against the oxidative deterioration of o/w emulsions. A screening of the latest literature was subsequently performed with the aim to elucidate how specific parameters (polarity, pH, emulsifiers, and synergistic action) affect the phenolic interfacial distribution, which in turn determines their antioxidant potential in food emulsion systems. An understanding of the interfacial activity of phenolic antioxidants could be of interest to food scientists working on the development of novel food products enriched with functional ingredients. It would also provide further insight to health scientists exploring the potentially beneficial properties of phenolic antioxidants against the oxidative damage of amphiphilic biological membranes (which link to serious pathologic conditions).
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2
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Sevindik Baç H, Yemiş O, Özkan M. Thermal stabilities of lycopene and β-carotene in tomato pulp and pink grapefruit juice. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Benucci I, Lombardelli C, Mazzocchi C, Esti M. Natural colorants from vegetable food waste: Recovery, regulatory aspects, and stability—A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2715-2737. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Benucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE) Tuscia University Viterbo Italy
| | - Claudio Lombardelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE) Tuscia University Viterbo Italy
| | - Caterina Mazzocchi
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE) Tuscia University Viterbo Italy
| | - Marco Esti
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE) Tuscia University Viterbo Italy
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4
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Encapsulation of Carotenoids as Food Colorants via Formation of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: A Review. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural carotenoids as food colorants is an important trend of innovation in the industry due to their low toxicity, their potential as bio-functional ingredients, and the increasing demand for natural and organic foods. Despite these benefits, their inclusion in food matrices presents multiple challenges related to their low stability and low water solubility. The present review covers the main concepts and background of carotenoid inclusion complex formation in cyclodextrins as a strategy for their stabilization, and subsequent inclusion in food products as color additives. The review includes the key aspects of the molecular and physicochemical properties of cyclodextrins as complexing agents, and a detailed review of the published evidence on complex formation with natural carotenoids from different sources in cyclodextrins, comparing complex formation methodologies, recovery, inclusion efficiency, and instrumental characterization techniques. Moreover, process flow diagrams (PFD), based on the most promising carotenoid-cyclodextrin complex formation methodologies reported in literature, are proposed, and discussed as a potential tool for their future scale-up. This review shows that the inclusion of carotenoids in complexes with cyclodextrins constitutes a promising technology for the stabilization of these pigments, with possible advantages in terms of their stability in food matrices.
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5
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Wang C, Chen L, Lu Y, Liu J, Zhao R, Sun Y, Sun B, Cuina W. pH-Dependent complexation between β-lactoglobulin and lycopene: Multi-spectroscopy, molecular docking and dynamic simulation study. Food Chem 2021; 362:130230. [PMID: 34098435 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of pH levels (pH 7.0 and pH 8.1) on binding ability of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) with lycopene (LYC) and elucidate interaction mechanisms using multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking study. β-LG at pH 8.1 showed a stronger binding affinity to lycopene than that at pH 7.0 according to binding constant, binding number, energy transfer efficiency, and surface hydrophobicity. Lycopene bound to protein mainly by van der Waals force in the form of static quenching mode and preferred to interact with β-LG at the top of barrel for both pH levels. Molecular dynamic simulation revealed that β-LG/LYC complex at pH 8.1 was more stable than at pH 7.0. β-LG/LYC complexes formed at pH 8.1 showed significantly higher ABTS radical scavenging activity than samples at pH 7.0 (p < 0.05). Data obtained may contribute valuable information for preparing a whey protein-based delivery system for lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yingcong Lu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yonghai Sun
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Boyang Sun
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wang Cuina
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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6
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Dhakane-Lad J, Kar A. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of lycopene from pink grapefruit (Citrus paradise Macfad) and its degradation studies during storage. Food Chem 2021; 361:130113. [PMID: 34062453 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene was extracted from pink grapefruit using SC-CO2 and rice bran oil as co-solvent. Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of three process parameters varied at five levels i.e. pressure (250, 300, 375, 450 & 500 bar), temperature (55, 60, 70, 80 & 85 °C), and extraction time (60, 90, 135, 180 & 210 min). Single optimum point for multiple response variables was achieved at 325 bar, 64 °C, and 143 min with overall desirability of 0.92 at which 70.52 ± 3.65% (lycopene extraction efficiency) and 11154 ± 148 ppm (γ-oryzanol) were predicted. Extraction temperatures of more than 80 °C and time beyond 180 min led to the isomerization of lycopene. Lycopene storage at 3 °C, 10 °C, & 25 °C showed average k and half-life values as 0.018, 0.030, & 0.075 and 40, 23, & 9 days, respectively for first-order degradation kinetics; depicting faster degradation at higher storage temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dhakane-Lad
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit Kar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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7
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Espinaco BY, Niizawa I, Marino F, Zorrilla SE, Sihufe GA. Storage stability of chia (
Salvia hispanica
L.) oil incorporated with astaxanthin. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Y. Espinaco
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Ignacio Niizawa
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Fernanda Marino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Susana E. Zorrilla
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Guillermo A. Sihufe
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) Santa Fe Argentina
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8
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Lin D, Kelly AL, Maidannyk V, Miao S. Effect of structuring emulsion gels by whey or soy protein isolate on the structure, mechanical properties, and in-vitro digestion of alginate-based emulsion gel beads. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Nian Y, Yuan L, Zhao D, Li C. Synergistic enhancement of loading contents and chemical stability of lycopene distributing both inside and on the oil/water interface. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3244-3252. [PMID: 32869332 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Loading contents and chemical stability of lycopene were synergistically enhanced after dispersion in genipin-crosslinked-chitosan (CS) stabilized high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). HIPEs could be prepared with the parameters for the emulsifiers of CS concentration from 0.5 to 5 mg/mL, pH value from 5.5 to 7.5, and CS/genipin mass ratio from 2:1 to 20:1. High loading content of lycopene, up to 0.25 wt% was achieved, with emulsifier in the final system only 1 mg/mL. As the loading contents were elevated, increasing amount of lycopene distributed in HIPEs in the form of insoluble crystals. Meanwhile, density of oil droplets decreased and the shape changed from polygon to sphere, which is supposed to be related to the interaction between the crystal and the oil-water interface. Stability of lycopene against ultraviolet, temperature, hydrogen peroxide, and iron ions was improved significantly, which could be ascribed to the layer of genipin-crosslinked-CS on oil droplet surface and the crystal status of lycopene. The storage stability of lycopene was improved tremendously after encapsulation by HIPEs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Low loading content of lycopene in emulsion systems is not conducive to the evaluation of its biological function in subsequent experiments, as well as their real application in food industry. It is also crucial to improve the stability of lycopene for the practical application in food industry. In this work, the loading content in delivery system and the chemical stability of lycopene are improved through encapsulation with high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). The significance of these results may have implications in fields spanning from colloidal science to functional foods applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqun Nian
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Centre of Physical & Chemic Analyses and Bio-tech, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, No. 100 Yucai West Road, Bayi District, Tibet Autonomous Region, Linzhi City
| | - Di Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, MOA, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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10
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Kim J, Choi SJ. Improving the Stability of Lycopene from Chemical Degradation in Model Beverage Emulsions: Impact of Hydrophilic Group Size of Emulsifier and Antioxidant Polarity. Foods 2020; 9:foods9080971. [PMID: 32707864 PMCID: PMC7466299 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical stability of the lipophilic bioactives encapsulated in emulsions can be influenced by emulsion droplet interfacial characteristics as well as by the ability of antioxidants incorporated in emulsion to prevent the degradation of the encapsulated compounds. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of the interfacial characteristics of emulsions and the polarity of antioxidants on the storage stability of lycopene in emulsions. Emulsions with 5% (w/w) oil containing lycopene (30 µmol/kg emulsion) were prepared using a series of polyethylene glycol acyl ether-type emulsifiers through microfluidization. Change in lycopene content in emulsions was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. Our findings show that the hydrophilic group size (or length) of emulsifiers and the emulsifier concentration at the interfacial film play a role, albeit minor, in controlling the storage stability of lycopene encapsulated in emulsions. Lipophilic (tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)) and amphiphilic (lauryl gallate) antioxidants similarly improved the storage stability of lycopene in emulsions from acid- and radical-mediated degradation, independent of the characteristics of interfacial films of emulsions. However, TBHQ inhibited the degradation of lycopene in emulsions more effectively than lauryl gallate under conditions intended to accelerate the acid-mediated degradation of lycopene. Therefore, our findings can provide helpful information about what type of emulsifiers and antioxidants can be chosen for preparing food emulsions capable of maximizing the stability of lycopene encapsulated therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea;
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea;
- Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-2-970-6739
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11
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Kiokias S, Proestos C, Oreopoulou V. Phenolic Acids of Plant Origin-A Review on Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (O/W Emulsion Systems) Along with Their in Vivo Health Biochemical Properties. Foods 2020; 9:E534. [PMID: 32344540 PMCID: PMC7231038 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has generously offered a wide range of herbs (e.g., thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil) rich in many polyphenols and other phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and biochemical properties. This paper focuses on several natural occurring phenolic acids (caffeic, carnosic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, vanillic) and first gives an overview of their most common natural plant sources. A summary of the recently reported antioxidant activities of the phenolic acids in o/w emulsions is also provided as an in vitro lipid-based model system. Exploring the interfacial activity of phenolic acids could help to further elucidate their potential health properties against oxidative stress conditions of biological membranes (such as lipoproteins). Finally, this review reports on the latest literature evidence concerning specific biochemical properties of the examined phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kiokias
- Research Executive Agency (REA), Place Charles Rogier 16, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassiliki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iron Politechniou, 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
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12
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Saini RK, A Bekhit AED, Roohinejad S, Rengasamy KRR, Keum YS. Chemical Stability of Lycopene in Processed Products: A Review of the Effects of Processing Methods and Modern Preservation Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:712-726. [PMID: 31891495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene, one of the most dominant carotenoids in a person's diet, is a well-known natural compound that has protective effects against chronic diseases. Industrial and domestic processing and storage conditions significantly influence retention and isomerization of lycopene; thus, in recent years, great attention has been given for their preservative effects of lycopene. This review highlights recent strategies that have been developed to preserve lycopene in processed products, especially in tomato pulp, puree, paste, and juice. The key factors influencing lycopene degradation and isomerization, such as ingredients and intensity of thermal treatments, are also discussed. Special attention was paid to the crystalline structures of lycopene which facilitate its resistance to degradation and isomerization. Emerging non-thermal processing methods, such as ultrasound and high-pressure processing (HPP), are critically evaluated for their preservation of thermo-labile compounds. Novel trends to improve lycopene stability by micro- and nanoencapsulation and addition of antioxidants are also included to examine their efficacy to protect against light, heat, oxygen, and other oxidative processes. Finally, recommended processing and storage conditions are discussed to provide strategies to retain the highest possible amount of bioactive lycopene until consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang H, Wang S, Zhu H, Wang S, Xing J. Inclusion Complexes of Lycopene and β-Cyclodextrin: Preparation, Characterization, Stability and Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080314. [PMID: 31426339 PMCID: PMC6719067 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the inclusion complexes of lycopene with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were prepared by the precipitation method. Then the inclusion complexes were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), microscopic observation, liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and phase-solubility study. Moreover, the stability and antioxidant activity were tested. The results showed that lycopene was embedded into the cavity of β-CD with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Moreover, the thermal and irradiant stabilities of lycopene were all significantly increased by the formation of lycopene/β-CD inclusion complexes. Antioxidant properties of lycopene and its inclusion complexes were evaluated on the basis of measuring the scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. The results showed that the scavenging activity of DPPH radicals was obviously increased by the formation of the inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin at concentrations of 5–30 μg/mL, however, some significant positive effects on the scavenging activity of hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals were not observed and the reasons are worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Wang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Suilou Wang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiudong Xing
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Pharmaceutical Experimental Training Center, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China.
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14
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Impact of antioxidant on the stability of β-carotene in model beverage emulsions: Role of emulsion interfacial membrane. Food Chem 2018; 279:194-201. [PMID: 30611479 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the thickness and density of droplet interfacial membrane on the chemical stability of β-carotene in emulsions was investigated, and its impact on the effectiveness of oil-soluble antioxidants to retard β-carotene degradation was examined. β-Carotene was incorporated into the emulsions stabilized by PEGylated emulsifiers having various-sized hydrophilic groups. In the presence of oxidative stresses (pH, iron ions, and radicals in this study), it was observed that the interfacial thickness was relevant to the stability of β-carotene encapsulated into emulsion droplets. Particularly, iron-mediated carotene degradation was effectively retarded in the emulsions having a thin interfacial membrane than ones with a thick interfacial membrane. The interfacial denseness also affected β-carotene stability but its ability to retard β-carotene degradation was influenced by the interfacial thickness. Although β-carotene degradation rate decreased upon the addition of oil-soluble antioxidants, its antioxidant activity depended on what prooxidant promoted the degradation of β-carotene in the emulsions.
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15
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McClements DJ, Decker E. Interfacial Antioxidants: A Review of Natural and Synthetic Emulsifiers and Coemulsifiers That Can Inhibit Lipid Oxidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:20-35. [PMID: 29227097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There has been strong interest in developing effective strategies to inhibit lipid oxidation in emulsified food products due to the need to incorporate oxidatively labile bioactive lipids, such as ω-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, or carotenoids. Emulsifiers or coemulsifiers can be utilized to inhibit lipid oxidation in emulsions. Both of these molecular types can adsorb to droplet surfaces and inhibit lipid oxidation, but emulsifiers can also stabilize droplets against aggregation whereas coemulsifiers cannot. There are a host of existing emulsifiers, covalent conjugates, or physical complexes that have the potential to inhibit lipid oxidation by a variety of mechanisms. Existing emulsifiers with antioxidant potential consist of surfactants, phospholipids, proteins, polysaccharides, and colloidal particles. Conjugates and complexes are typically formed by covalently or physically linking together a surface-active molecule with an antioxidant molecule. This article reviews the molecular and physicochemical basis for the surface and antioxidant activities of emulsifiers and coemulsifiers, highlights the important properties of interfacial layers that can be engineered to control lipid oxidation, and outlines different kinds of existing emulsifiers, conjugates, and complexes that can be used to inhibit oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Eric Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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16
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Food Nanoemulsions: Stability, Benefits and Applications. AN INTRODUCTION TO FOOD GRADE NANOEMULSIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6986-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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18
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Soukoulis C, Bohn T. A comprehensive overview on the micro- and nano-technological encapsulation advances for enhancing the chemical stability and bioavailability of carotenoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1-36. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.971353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Soukoulis
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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19
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Kopec RE, Gleize B, Borel P, Desmarchelier C, Caris-Veyrat C. Are lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene lost through the digestive process? Food Funct 2017; 8:1494-1503. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of many carotenoids has been assessed, but little attention has been given to the metabolism of these antioxidant compounds during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Kopec
- INRA
- UMR408
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale
- F-84000 Avignon
- France
| | - Béatrice Gleize
- INRA
- UMR408
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale
- F-84000 Avignon
- France
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20
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Sainsbury J, Grypa R, Ellingworth J, Duodu KG, De Kock HL. The effects of antioxidants and shelf life conditions on oxidation markers in a sunflower oil salad dressing emulsion (SOSDE). Food Chem 2016; 213:230-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Roman MJ, Decker EA, Goddard JM. Retaining Oxidative Stability of Emulsified Foods by Novel Nonmigratory Polyphenol Coated Active Packaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5574-5582. [PMID: 27310107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation causes lipid rancidity, discoloration, and nutrient degradation that decrease shelf life of packaged foods. Synthetic additives are effective oxidation inhibitors, but are undesirable to consumers who prefer "clean" label products. The aim of this study was to improve oxidative stability of emulsified foods by a novel nonmigratory polyphenol coated active packaging. Polyphenol coatings were applied to chitosan functionalized polypropylene (PP) by laccase assisted polymerization of catechol and catechin. Polyphenol coated PP exhibited both metal chelating (39.3 ± 2.5 nmol Fe(3+) cm(-2), pH 4.0) and radical scavenging (up to 52.9 ± 1.8 nmol Trolox eq cm(-2)) capacity, resulting in dual antioxidant functionality to inhibit lipid oxidation and lycopene degradation in emulsions. Nonmigratory polyphenol coated PP inhibited ferric iron promoted degradation better than soluble chelators, potentially by partitioning iron from the emulsion droplet interface. This work demonstrates that polyphenol coatings can be designed for advanced material chemistry solutions in active food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine J Roman
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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22
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Arranz E, Corredig M, Guri A. Designing food delivery systems: challenges related to the in vitro methods employed to determine the fate of bioactives in the gut. Food Funct 2016; 7:3319-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review discussesin vitroavailable approaches to study delivery and uptake of bioactive compounds and the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arranz
- Food Science Department
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
| | | | - Anilda Guri
- Food Science Department
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
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23
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Zhou Q, Xu J, Yang S, Xue Y, Zhang T, Wang J, Xue C. The Effect of Various Antioxidants on the Degradation of O/W Microemulsions Containing Esterified Astaxanthins from Haematococcus pluvialis. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:515-25. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
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24
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WANG Z, NEVES MA, ISODA H, NAKAJIMA M. Preparation and Characterization of Micro/Nano-emulsions Containing Functional Food Components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.11301/jsfe.16.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng WANG
- Alliance for Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Marcos A. NEVES
- Alliance for Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hiroko ISODA
- Alliance for Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Mitsutoshi NAKAJIMA
- Alliance for Research on North Africa, University of Tsukuba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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25
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Tamjidi F, Shahedi M, Varshosaz J, Nasirpour A. EDTA and α-tocopherol improve the chemical stability of astaxanthin loaded into nanostructured lipid carriers. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Tamjidi
- Department of Food Science and Technology-Center of Excellence for Safety and Quality of Foods; College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology-Center of Excellence for Safety and Quality of Foods; College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Ali Nasirpour
- Department of Food Science and Technology-Center of Excellence for Safety and Quality of Foods; College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan Iran
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26
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Bou R, Cofrades S, Jiménez-Colmenero F. Influence of high pressure and heating treatments on physical parameters of water-in-oil-in-water emulsions. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Liu Y, Hou Z, Yang J, Gao Y. Effects of antioxidants on the stability of β-Carotene in O/W emulsions stabilized by Gum Arabic. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:3300-11. [PMID: 26028711 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The potential of oil-in-water emulsions as a β-carotene delivery system was examined in this study. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing β-carotene were formed by gum arabic with α-tocopherol, tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) and ascorbyl palmitate, respectively. The influence of antioxidants on the chemical degradation of β-carotene in gum arabic stabilized emulsions was investigated at 4, 25, 45 and 65 °C in the dark, respectively. An accelerated photo-oxidation test was carried out at 45 °C (450 W/m(2)). Moreover, β-carotene degradation rate constants (k 1-value), activation energy (E a ) and decimal reduction time (D-value) were estimated to interpret the degradation kinetics. The impact of antioxidants on the thermal stability of β-carotene in diluted emulsions was generally in the following order: α-tocopherol > TBHQ > ascorbyl palmitate. α-Tocopherol was found to be the most effective to the antioxidation of β-carotene at the concentration of 0.10 wt% under light exposure. It was concluded that the stability of β-carotene in oil-in-water emulsions could be improved by the presence of different antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanqun Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 People's Republic of China
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28
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Shpigelman A, Zisapel A, Cohen Y, Livney YD. Mechanisms of saccharide protection against epigallocatechin-3-gallate deterioration in aqueous solutions. Food Chem 2013; 139:1105-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Influence of pH, metal chelator, free radical scavenger and interfacial characteristics on the oxidative stability of β-carotene in conjugated whey protein–pectin stabilised emulsion. Food Chem 2013; 139:1098-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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30
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Losada Barreiro S, Bravo-Díaz C, Paiva-Martins F, Romsted LS. Maxima in antioxidant distributions and efficiencies with increasing hydrophobicity of gallic acid and its alkyl esters. The pseudophase model interpretation of the "cutoff effect". JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6533-6543. [PMID: 23701266 DOI: 10.1021/jf400981x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant (AO) efficiencies are reported to go through maxima with increasing chain length (hydrophobicity) in emulsions. The so-called "cutoff" after the maxima, indicating a decrease in efficiency, remains unexplained. This paper shows, for gallic acid (GA) and propyl, octyl, and lauryl gallates (PG, OG, and LG, respectively), that at any given volume fraction of emulsifier, the concentrations of antioxidants in the interfacial region of stripped corn oil emulsions and their efficiency order follow PG > GA > OG > LG. These results provide clear evidence that an AO's efficiency correlates with its fraction in the interfacial region. AO distributions were obtained in intact emulsions by using the pseudophase kinetic model to interpret changes in observed rate constants of the AOs with a chemical probe, and their efficiencies were measured by employing the Schaal oven test. The model provides a natural explanation for the maxima with increasing AO hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Losada Barreiro
- Departamento Química Física, Facultad Química, Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
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31
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Xu D, Wang X, Yuan F, Hou Z, Gao Y. Stability of β-Carotene in Oil-in-Water Emulsions Prepared by Mixed Layer and Bilayer of Whey Protein Isolate and Beet Pectin. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.695958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Qian C, Decker EA, Xiao H, McClements DJ. Inhibition of β-carotene degradation in oil-in-water nanoemulsions: Influence of oil-soluble and water-soluble antioxidants. Food Chem 2012; 135:1036-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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McClements DJ. Crystals and crystallization in oil-in-water emulsions: implications for emulsion-based delivery systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 174:1-30. [PMID: 22475330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many bioactive components intended for oral ingestion (pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals) are hydrophobic molecules with low water-solubilities and high melting points, which poses considerable challenges to the formulation of oral delivery systems. Oil-in-water emulsions are often suitable vehicles for the encapsulation and delivery of this type of bioactive component. The bioactive component is usually dissolved in a carrier lipid phase by either dilution and/or heating prior to homogenization, and then the carrier lipid and water phases are homogenized to form an emulsion consisting of small oil droplets dispersed in water. The successful development of this kind of emulsion-based delivery system depends on a good understanding of the influence of crystals on the formation, stability, and properties of emulsions. This review article addresses the physicochemical phenomena associated with the encapsulation, retention, crystallization, release, and absorption of hydrophobic bioactive components within emulsions. This knowledge will be useful for the rational formulation of effective emulsion-based delivery systems for oral delivery of crystalline hydrophobic bioactive components in the food, health care, and pharmaceutical industries.
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34
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Call for papers: Lipids in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and supplements. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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