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Amiri-Rigi A, Abbasi S, Emmambux MN. Background, Limitations, and Future Perspectives in Food Grade Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2059808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Amiri-Rigi
- Food Research Laboratory, Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Soleiman Abbasi
- Food Colloids and Rheology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naushad Emmambux
- Food Research Laboratory, Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Song Q, Guan W, Liu W, Liu L, Wei C, Cai L. Preparation and physicochemical stability of tomato seed oil microemulsions. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5385-5396. [PMID: 34766339 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, microemulsions were fabricated using tomato seed oil, water, Tween 80 and citric acid, and then the physicochemical characteristics and the influence of environmental stress were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the microemulsions were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mean particle diameter, polydispersity index (PDI) and conductivity. The phase diagrams of tomato seed oil/Tween 80/citric acid/water microemulsions were constructed under different pHs and ionic strengths. Storage stability of the systems was investigated at 4, 37 and 65°C, and changes in turbidity and lipid oxidation products were monitored. Nano-size zeta potential analyzer results demonstrated that the mean particle diameter and polydispersity index of tomato seed oil microemulsions were 14 nm and 0.014. The transition from W/O to O/W could be detected from electrical conductivity and viscosity data with the increasing of water content. The results showed that the microemulsion areas decreased with increasing pH and NaCl concentrations. What is more, the study proved that tomato seed oil microemulsions exhibited a good storage stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, the preparation of tomato seed oil microemulsion can not only make full use of the nutritional value of tomato seed oil, but also ensure the effective protection of the nutrients contained in it, and improve the problem of adding difficult. By using microemulsion as delivery carrier of tomato seed oil, the application of tomato seed oil in food, cosmetics and other fields could be enhanced. Therefore, the preparation of tomato seed oil microemulsion provides a theoretical basis for production practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Song
- School of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiliang Guan
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lingzhen Liu
- Xinjiang Baihejing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Bazhou, China
| | - Changqing Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Luyun Cai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dib N, Girardi VR, Silber JJ, Correa NM, Falcone RD. How the external solvent in biocompatible reverse micelles can improve the alkaline phosphatase behavior. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4969-4977. [PMID: 34002175 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02371j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the nature of the nonpolar solvents that can be part of reverse micelles (RMs) has been the topic of several investigations to improve their applications. In this sense, the hydrolysis of 1-naphthyl phosphate catalyzed by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) was used as a probe to investigate the effect of the change of the external solvent on RMs formulated with the anionic surfactant sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (AOT). As external nonpolar solvents, two biocompatible lipophilic esters, isopropyl myristate and methyl laurate, and the traditional nonpolar solvents, n-heptane and benzene, were used. The results were compared among the RMs investigated and with the reaction in homogeneous media. Thus, the effect of the nanoconfinement as well as the impact of the replacement of a conventional external nonpolar solvent by biocompatible solvents were analyzed. The results indicate that the catalytic efficiency in the AOT RMs is larger than that in homogeneous media, denoting a different hydration level over the AP enzyme, which is directly related to the different degrees of nonpolar solvent penetration to the RM interface. Our findings demonstrated that toxic solvents such as n-heptane and benzene can be replaced by nontoxic ones (isopropyl myristate or methyl laurate) in AOT RMs without affecting the performance of micellar systems as nanoreactors, making them a green and promising alternative toward efficient and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahir Dib
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina and Instituto de Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Valeria R Girardi
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juana J Silber
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina and Instituto de Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - N Mariano Correa
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina and Instituto de Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - R Dario Falcone
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina and Instituto de Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal 3, C.P. X5804BYA, Ruta Nacional 36, km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Biocompatible Solvents and Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants as Sustainable Components to Formulate Environmentally Friendly Organized Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091378. [PMID: 33922597 PMCID: PMC8122929 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we deal with the formation and application of biocompatible water-in-oil microemulsions commonly known as reverse micelles (RMs). These RMs are extremely important to facilitate the dissolution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds for biocompatibility in applications in drug delivery, food science, and nanomedicine. The combination of two wisely chosen types of compounds such as biocompatible non-polar solvents and ionic liquids (ILs) with amphiphilic character (surface-active ionic liquids, SAILs) can be used to generate organized systems that perfectly align with the Green Chemistry concepts. Thus, we describe the current state of SAILs (protic and aprotic) to prepare RMs using non-polar but safe solvents such as esters derived from fatty acids, among others. Moreover, the use of the biocompatible solvents as the external phase in RMs and microemulsions/nanoemulsions with the other commonly used biocompatible surfactants is detailed showing the diversity of preparations and important applications. As shown by multiple examples, the properties of the RMs can be modified by changes in the type of surfactant and/or external solvents but a key fact to note is that all these modifications generate novel systems with dissimilar properties. These interesting properties cannot be anticipated or extrapolated, and deep analysis is always required. Finally, the works presented provide valuable information about the use of biocompatible RMs, making them a green and promising alternative toward efficient and sustainable chemistry.
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Mitsou E, Kalogianni EP, Georgiou D, Stamatis H, Xenakis A, Zoumpanioti M. Formulation and Structural Study of a Biocompatible Water-in-Oil Microemulsion as an Appropriate Enzyme Carrier: The Model Case of Horseradish Peroxidase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:150-160. [PMID: 30521342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel biocompatible water-in-oil microemulsion was developed using nonionic surfactants and was investigated as a potential enzyme delivery system for pharmaceutical applications. The system was composed of isopropyl myristate/polysorbate 80 (Tween 80)/distilled monoglycerides/water/propylene glycol (PG), had a low total surfactant concentration (8.3% w/w), and was able to incorporate approximately 3% w/w aqueous phase containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Structural and activity aspects of the system were studied using a variety of techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and dynamic interfacial tension. The apparent hydrodynamic diameter of the empty droplets was calculated at about 37 nm. Different enzyme concentrations, ranging from 0.01 to 1.39 μM, were used for both DLS and EPR studies to effectively determine the localization of the macromolecule in the microemulsion. According to the results, for high enzyme concentrations, a participation of HRP in the surfactant monolayer of the microemulsion is evident. The number of reverse micelles in the microemulsion was defined by a theoretical model and was used to clarify how the enzyme concentration affects the number of empty and loaded reverse micelles. To assure that the system allows the enzyme to retain its catalytic activity, an oxidative reaction catalyzed by HRP was successfully carried out with the use of the model substrate 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]. The influence of several parameters such as temperature, pH, and PG concentration was examined to optimize the reaction conditions, and a kinetic study was conducted revealing an ordered-Bi-Bi mechanism. Values of all kinetic parameters were determined. The release of the encapsulated enzyme was studied using an adequate receiver phase, revealing the effectiveness of the proposed microemulsion not only as a microreactor but also as a carrier for therapeutic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Mitsou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies , University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Eleni P Kalogianni
- Department of Food Technology , Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki , P.O. Box 141, 57400 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Despoina Georgiou
- Department of Food Technology , Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki , P.O. Box 141, 57400 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies , University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Zoumpanioti
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
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Khemakhem M, Sotiroudis G, Mitsou E, Avramiotis S, Sotiroudis TG, Bouzouita N, Papadimitriou V. Melanin and humic acid-like polymer complex from olive mill waste waters. Part II. Surfactant properties and encapsulation in W/O microemulsions. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chatzidaki MD, Mitsou E, Yaghmur A, Xenakis A, Papadimitriou V. Formulation and characterization of food-grade microemulsions as carriers of natural phenolic antioxidants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chatzidaki MD, Arik N, Monteil J, Papadimitriou V, Leal-Calderon F, Xenakis A. Microemulsion versus emulsion as effective carrier of hydroxytyrosol. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 137:146-51. [PMID: 25999235 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two edible Water-in-Oil (W/O) dispersions, an emulsion that remains kinetically stable and a microemulsion which is spontaneously formed, transparent and thermodynamically stable, were developed for potential use as functional foods, due to their ability to be considered as matrices to encapsulate biologically active hydrophilic molecules. Both systems contained Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) as the continuous phase and were used as carriers of Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a hydrophilic antioxidant of olive oil. A low energy input fabrication process of the emulsion was implemented. The obtained emulsion contained 1.3% (w/w) of surfactants and 5% (w/w) aqueous phase. The spontaneously formed microemulsion contained 4.9% (w/w) of surfactants and 2% (w/w) aqueous phase. A comparative study in terms of structural characterization of the systems in the absence and presence of HT was carried out. Particle size distribution obtained by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique and interfacial properties of the surfactants' layer, examined by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy indicated the involvement of HT in the surfactant membrane. Finally, the proposed systems were studied for the scavenging activity of the encapsulated antioxidant toward galvinoxyl stable free radical showing a high scavenging activity of HT in both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Chatzidaki
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece; MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Nehir Arik
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Julien Monteil
- Laboratoire Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets, Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vassiliki Papadimitriou
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Fernando Leal-Calderon
- Laboratoire Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets, Univ. Bordeaux, CBMN, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece; MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden.
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Kalaitzaki A, Emo M, Stébé MJ, Xenakis A, Papadimitriou V. Biocompatible nanodispersions as delivery systems of food additives: A structural study. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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