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Kolobarić N, Drenjančević I, Matić A, Šušnjara P, Mihaljević Z, Mihalj M. Dietary Intake of n-3 PUFA-Enriched Hen Eggs Changes Inflammatory Markers' Concentration and Treg/Th17 Cells Distribution in Blood of Young Healthy Adults-A Randomised Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061851. [PMID: 34071714 PMCID: PMC8229500 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) supplementation (~1053 mg/per day), i.e., α-linolenic (~230 mg), eicosapentaenoic (~15 mg), and docosahexaenoic acid (~105 mg), through hen eggs, on pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters in healthy individuals (23.8 ± 2.57 years old). Here, we demonstrate differential effects of regular hen eggs (N = 21; W/M = 10/11) and n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs (N = 19; W/M = 10/9) consumption on the serum levels of lipid mediators, representation of peripheral T helper cell subsets (recently activated T-helper cells, nTreg, Th17 and non-Th17-IL-17A secreting T-helper lymphocytes) and their functional capacity for cytokine secretion. Both diets significantly altered systemic levels of pro-inflammatory and inflammation resolving lipid mediators; however, only the n-3 PUFAs group showed a significant shift towards anti-inflammatory prostanoids and increased levels of pro-resolving oxylipins. Both study groups showed reduced frequencies of peripheral nTreg lymphocytes and decreased rates of peripheral Th17 cells. Their functional capacity for cytokine secretion was significantly altered only in the n-3 PUFAs group in terms of increased transforming growth factor β-1 and reduced interleukin 6 secretion. Diet supplemented with n-3 PUFAs alters immune response towards inflammation resolving conditions through effects on lipid mediators and cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes in human model without underlying comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (N.K.); (I.D.); (A.M.); (P.Š.); (Z.M.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-3151-2800
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Durkin LA, Childs CE, Calder PC. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Intestinal Epithelium-A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010199. [PMID: 33478161 PMCID: PMC7835870 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells (enterocytes) form part of the intestinal barrier, the largest human interface between the internal and external environments, and responsible for maintaining regulated intestinal absorption and immunological control. Under inflammatory conditions, the intestinal barrier and its component enterocytes become inflamed, leading to changes in barrier histology, permeability, and chemical mediator production. Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can influence the inflammatory state of a range of cell types, including endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. This review aims to assess the current literature detailing the effects of ω-3 PUFAs on epithelial cells. Marine-derived ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid, are incorporated into intestinal epithelial cell membranes, prevent changes to epithelial permeability, inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids and induce the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and docosanoids. Altered inflammatory markers have been attributed to changes in activity and/or expression of proteins involved in inflammatory signalling including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ, G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 120 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Effective doses for each ω-3 PUFA are difficult to determine due to inconsistencies in dose and time of exposure between different in vitro models and between in vivo and in vitro models. Further research is needed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of less-studied ω-3 PUFAs, including docosapentaenoic acid and stearidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Durkin
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Caroline E. Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Jalili M, Hekmatdoost A. Dietary ω-3 fatty acids and their influence on inflammation via Toll-like receptor pathways. Nutrition 2020; 85:111070. [PMID: 33545546 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of long-chain, highly unsaturated ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) is considered indispensable for humans. The ω-3 FAs have been known to be anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory dietary factors; however, the modes of action on pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and downstream signaling pathways have not been fully elucidated. Dietary sources contain various amounts of ω-3 long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) of different lengths and the association between intake of these polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with underlying mechanisms of various immune-related disorders can be of great interest. The potential anti-inflammatory role for ω-3 LCFAs can be explained by modification of lipid rafts, modulation of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and PRRs. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of PRRs that play an important role in the recognition of bacterial infections and ω-3 FAs have been implicated in the modulation of downstream signaling of TLR-4, an important receptor for recognition of gram-negative bacteria. The ω-3 FAs docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid have been investigated in vivo and in vitro for their effects on the nuclear factor-κB activation pathway. Identification of the effects of ω-3 FAs on other key molecular factors like prostaglandins and leukotrienes and their signals may help the recognition and development of medicines to suppress the main mediators and turn on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Jalili
- Cell, Molecular Biology Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Interactions of dietary fat with the gut microbiota: Evaluation of mechanisms and metabolic consequences. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:994-1018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ding C, Tang W, Fan X, Wu G. Intestinal microbiota: a novel perspective in colorectal cancer biotherapeutics. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4797-4810. [PMID: 30147331 PMCID: PMC6097518 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s170626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is believed that genetic factors, immune system dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota (IM) dysbiosis contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The beneficial role played by the direct regulation of IM in inflammatory bowel disease treatment is identified by the decreased growth of harmful bacteria and the increased production of anti-inflammatory factors. Interestingly, gut microbiota has been proven to inhibit tumor formation and progression in inflammation/carcinogen-induced CRC mouse models. Recently, evidence has indicated that IM is involved in the negative regulation of tumor immune response in tumor microenvironment, which then abolishes or accelerates anticancer immunotherapy in several tumor animals. In clinical trials, a benefit of IM-based CRC therapies in improving the intestinal immunity balance, epithelial barrier function, and quality of life has been reported. Meanwhile, specific microbiota signature can modulate host's sensitivity to chemo-/radiotherapy and the prognosis of CRC patients. In this review, we aim to 1) summarize the potential methods of IM-based therapeutics according to the recent results; 2) explore its roles and underlying mechanisms in combination with other therapies, especially in biotherapeutics; 3) discuss its safety, deficiency, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wendong Tang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
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Neugart S, Wiesner-Reinhold M, Frede K, Jander E, Homann T, Rawel HM, Schreiner M, Baldermann S. Effect of Solid Biological Waste Compost on the Metabolite Profile of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:305. [PMID: 29616051 PMCID: PMC5864931 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of biological waste are generated at various steps within the food production chain and a great utilization potential for this solid biological waste exists apart from the current main usage for the feedstuff sector. It remains unclear how the usage of biological waste as compost modulates plant metabolites. We investigated the effect of biological waste of the processing of coffee, aronia, and hop added to soil on the plant metabolite profile by means of liquid chromatography in pak choi sprouts. Here we demonstrate that the solid biological waste composts induced specific changes in the metabolite profiles and the changes are depending on the type of the organic residues and its concentration in soil. The targeted analysis of selected plant metabolites, associated with health beneficial properties of the Brassicaceae family, revealed increased concentrations of carotenoids (up to 3.2-fold) and decreased amounts of glucosinolates (up to 4.7-fold) as well as phenolic compounds (up to 1.5-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | | | - Katja Frede
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jander
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Thomas Homann
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Harshadrai M. Rawel
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Bentley‐Hewitt KL, Narbad A, Majsak‐Newman G, Philo MR, Lund EK. Lactobacilli survival and adhesion to colonic epithelial cell lines is dependent on long chain fatty acid exposure. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. Bentley‐Hewitt
- Institute of Food ResearchGastrointestinal HealthNorwichNorfolkUK
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Food and Nutrition GroupFood Industry Science CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Institute of Food ResearchGastrointestinal HealthNorwichNorfolkUK
| | - Gosia Majsak‐Newman
- Institute of Food ResearchGastrointestinal HealthNorwichNorfolkUK
- Norfolk and Norwich University HospitalNHS Foundation TrustNorwichUK
| | - Mark R. Philo
- Institute of Food ResearchGastrointestinal HealthNorwichNorfolkUK
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Xing Y, Cui L, Kang Q. Silencing of ILK attenuates the abnormal proliferation and migration of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts induced by TGF-β2. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:407-16. [PMID: 27315599 PMCID: PMC4935455 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), plays a key role in wound healing and tissue repair. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a downstream factor of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Research on ILK has mainly focused on its role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, little has been reported on the effects of ILK in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs). In this study, we investigated the role of ILK in the proliferation and migration of HTFs exposed to TGF-β2. A lentiviral vector targeting ILK was screened from three candidates and the experimental result indicated that RNA interference can be used to inhibit ILK expression at both the mRNA and protein level. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess ILK mRNA expression. Cell proliferation was quantified by MTT assay and cell cycle progression was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Migration was measured by wound healing assay. It was observed that the silencing of ILK suppressed the TGF-β2-induced proliferation of HTFs and led to G1 phase cell cycle arrest and the significant downregulation of cyclin D1 expression. The migration ability of the HTFs decreased following the silencing of ILK, while the downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin expression and the upregulation of E-cadherin expression were observed. The findings of our study indicate that the silencing of ILK attenuates the abnormal proliferation and migration of HTFs induced by TGF-β2, which reveals the therapeutic potential of ILK inhibition in the prevention of scarring following glaucoma filtration surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xing
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qianyan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol and n-3 fatty acids collectively modulate colitis through reduction of oxidative stress and IL-8 synthesis; in vitro and in vivo studies. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 35:29-42. [PMID: 27016717 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study has demonstrated that medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and monounsaturated fatty acids potentiate the beneficial effects of fish oil on risk factors of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we have investigated the influence of MCT or olive oil on the protective and mucosal healing ability of fish oil in ulcerative colitis using cell simulation and animal models. Caco-2 cells grown in medium chain fatty acids enriched medium has exaggerated t-butyl hydroperoxide induced cell damage, GSH depletion, and IL-1β induced IL-8 synthesis, compared to the cells grown in oleic acid & hydroxytyrosol (OT) enriched medium. Further, combined treatment of cells with eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and OT has remarkably attenuated the cell damage, and IL-8 synthesis, compared to individual treatments. To evaluate the effect of these lipid formulations in vivo, adult Wistar rats were fed diet enriched with high amount of medium chain triglycerides (MCT), virgin olive oil, or their combination with fish oil. Colitis was induced in rats using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7days followed by 10-days of recovery period. Rats of MCT group exhibit severe disease activity, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in the colon compared to the olive oil group. Furthermore, there was persistent body weight loss, loose stools, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in the rats of MCT group, even after DSS was withdrawn from drinking water. Conversely, fish oil has remarkably attenuated the DSS induced alterations in both MCT and olive oil diet groups with significantly greater effect in the olive oil group. Thus, MCT increase the susceptibility to colitis through oxidative damage and IL-8 synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells. The beneficial effects of virgin olive oil could be partially attributed to hydroxytyrosol. Combined treatment of hydroxytyrosol, oleic acid and n-3 fatty acids exhibit huge therapeutic benefits in colitis.
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Bentley-Hewitt KL, De Guzman CE, Ansell J, Mandimika T, Narbad A, Lund EK. How fish oils could support our friendly bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.201500035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. Bentley-Hewitt
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Norfolk NR4 7UA UK
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand
| | - Cloe Erika De Guzman
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand
| | - Juliet Ansell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand
- Zespri International; Mount Maunganui 3116 New Zealand
| | - Tafadzwa Mandimika
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Norfolk NR4 7UA UK
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