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Lopes PA, Alfaia CM, Pestana JM, Prates JAM. Structured Lipids Engineering for Health: Novel Formulations Enriched in n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Potential Nutritional Benefits. Metabolites 2023; 13:1060. [PMID: 37887385 PMCID: PMC10608893 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Structured lipids (SLs) offer a promising avenue for designing novel formulations enriched in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) with potential health benefits. Triacylglycerols (TAGs), the most common fats in the human diet, are both non-toxic and chemically stable. The metabolic efficiency and digestibility of TAGs are significantly influenced by the position of fatty acids (FAs) within the glycerol backbone, with FAs at the sn-2 position being readily absorbed. Over the past two decades, advancements in SL research have led to the development of modified TAGs, achieved either through chemical or enzymatic processes, resulting in SLs. The ideal structure of SLs involves medium-chain FAs at the sn-1,3 positions and long-chain n-3 LCPUFAs at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, conferring specific physicochemical and nutritional attributes. These tailored SL formulations find wide-ranging applications in the food and nutraceutical industries, showing promise for dietary support in promoting health and mitigating various diseases. In particular, SLs can be harnessed as functional oils to augment TAG metabolism, thereby impeding the development of fatty liver, countering the onset of obesity, and preventing atherosclerosis and age-related chronic diseases. In scrutinising prevailing research trajectories, this review endeavours to provide an in-depth analysis of the multifaceted advantages and repercussions associated with the synthesis of SLs. It elucidates their burgeoning potential in enhancing health and well-being across a range of demographic cohorts. Specifically, the implications of SL utilisation are discussed in the context of healthcare environments and early childhood developmental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Lopes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.M.P.); (J.A.M.P.)
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.M.P.); (J.A.M.P.)
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M. Pestana
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.M.P.); (J.A.M.P.)
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.M.P.); (J.A.M.P.)
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X. Acyl migration of 2-monoacylglycerols rich in DHA: Effect of temperature and solvent medium. Food Chem 2023; 412:135501. [PMID: 36716621 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl migration of 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) rich in DHA is a universal reaction occurring during storage and structural lipid synthesis, and affects their nutritional value. In this study, their acyl migration was investigated under different systems and temperatures. The enhanced temperature promoted acyl migration, leading to a 5.6-fold increase from 20 °C to 50 °C. The kinetic study indicated rate constants followed the order: hexane > solvent-free > dichloromethane > ethanol ≈ acetone ≈ acetonitrile > t-butanol, and positively correlated with log P of solvent. During acyl migration in ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile and t-butanol at 40 °C, DHA content in 2-MAGs was higher than in 1-MAGs, indicating slow acyl migration of DHA; while at 50 °C, the difference of DHA distribution was small, due to increasing acyl migration rate. The results suggest that acyl migration of different fatty acids can be regulated by changing conditions to enrich DHA at sn-2 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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3
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zheng M. A novel and controllable method for simultaneous preparation of human milk fat substitutes (OPL, OPO and LPL): two-step enzymatic ethanolysis-esterification strategy. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112168. [PMID: 36596114 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel and effective approach based on the two-step ethanolysis-esterification strategy was proposed for the controllable and simultaneous preparation of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL), 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO) and 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (LPL) with adjustable proportions. Enzymatic ethanolysis of fractionated palm stearin was carried out to yield 2-monopalmitoylglycerol (79.4 ± 0.6 %) with over 91.0 % purity at the optimal conditions. The immobilized Candida sp. lipase (CSL) on octyl-functionalized ordered mesoporous silica (OMS-C8) was applied to re-esterify 2-monopalmitoylglycerol with oleic acid and linoleic acid for the simultaneous production of OPL, OPO, and LPL. The total content in the final products was 81.5 %, with 91.3 % of palmitic acid (PA) content at the sn-2 position. Besides, OPL/OPO/LPL was conveniently prepared with suitable proportions for worldwide infants by adjusting the ratio of acyl donors. This paper provides a novel and effective two-step ethanolysis-esterification strategy for the development of human milk fat substitutes (HMFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Food Processing Research Institute, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Castejón N, Señoráns FJ. Integrated Green and Enzymatic Process to Produce Omega‐3 Acylglycerols from
Echium plantagineum
Using Immobilized Lipases. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castejón
- Healthy‐Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Señoráns
- Healthy‐Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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Castejón N, Señoráns FJ. Strategies for Enzymatic Synthesis of Omega‐3 Structured Triacylglycerols from
Camelina sativa
Oil Enriched in EPA and DHA. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castejón
- Healthy‐Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. Señoráns
- Healthy‐Lipids Group, Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid28049 MadridSpain
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Xie D, Zou S, Jin Q, Wang X. Synthesis and concentration of 2-monoacylglycerols rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem 2018; 250:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zou S, Xie D, Jin Q, Wang X. Synthesis of 2-docosahexaenoylglycerol by enzymatic ethanolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:334-340. [PMID: 29289878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of 2-docosahexaenoylglycerol with high nutritional value was conducted by enzymatic ethanolysis of algal oil. The effects of lipase type, substrate molar ratio of algal oil to ethanol, reaction time, reaction temperature and lipase load on the content of 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) in the crude product were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, 27-31% 2-MAGs were obtained in the ethanolysis reaction. Lipozyme 435 exhibited 1,3-specific selectivity and maintained stable operational stability after 7 successive reuse cycles. The enzymatic ethanolysis catalyzed by Lipozyme 435 could both synthesize 2-MAGs and concentrate DHA. Further purification of 2-MAGs was performed with solvent extraction by 85% ethanol aqueous solution and hexane, obtaining 95% 2-MAGs in a yield of 67%. The contents of DHA in 2-MAGs product and 2-MAGs fraction were 74.76% and 75.66%, respectively, which were about 26% higher than that in the algal oil. Therefore, this method is efficient and environmental-friendly for synthesis of 2-docosahexaenoylgylcerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Shuo Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Dan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; ZhongHai Ocean (Wuxi) Marine Equipment Engineering Co., Ltd., Jiangnan University National University Science Park, 100 Jinxi Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214125, PR China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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8
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Abreu Silveira E, Moreno-Perez S, Basso A, Serban S, Pestana Mamede R, Tardioli PW, Sanchez Farinas C, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lorente G, Guisan JM. Modulation of the regioselectivity of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase via biocatalyst engineering for the Ethanolysis of oil in fully anhydrous medium. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:88. [PMID: 29246143 PMCID: PMC5732512 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enzymatic ethanolysis of oils (for example, high oleic sunflower oil containing 90% of oleic acid) may yield two different reaction products depending on the regioselectivity of the immobilized lipase biocatalyst. Some lipase biocatalysts exhibit a 1,3-regioselectivity and they produced 2 mols of fatty acid ethyl ester plus 1 mol of sn2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) per mol of triglyceride without the release of glycerol. Other lipase biocatalysts are completely non-regioselective releasing 3 mols of fatty acid ethyl ester and 1 mol of glycerol per mol of triglyceride. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) adsorbed on hydrophobic supports is a very interesting biocatalyst for the ethanolysis of oil. Modulation of TLL regioselectivity in anhydrous medium was intended via two strategies of TLL immobilization: a. - interfacial adsorption on different hydrophobic supports and b.- interfacial adsorption on a given hydrophobic support under different experimental conditions. Results Immobilization of TLL on supports containing divinylbenezene moieties yielded excellent 1,3-regioselective biocatalysts but immobilization of TLL on supports containing octadecyl groups yielded non-regioselective biocatalysts. On the other hand, TLL immobilized on Purolite C18 at pH 8.5 and 30 °C in the presence of traces of CTAB yielded a biocatalyst with a perfect 1,3-regioselectivity and a very interesting activity: 2.5 μmols of oil ethanolyzed per min per gram of immobilized derivative. This activity is 10-fold higher than the one of commercial Lipozyme TL IM. Immobilization of the same enzyme on the same support, but at pH 7.0 and 25 °C, led to a biocatalyst which can hydrolyze all ester bonds in TG backbone. Conclusions Activity and regioselectivity of TLL in anhydrous media can be easily modulated via Biocatalysis Engineering producing very active immobilized derivatives able to catalyze the ethanolysis of triolein. When the biocatalyst was 1,3-regioselective a 33% of 2-monoolein was obtained and it may be a very interesting surfactant. When biocatalyst catalyzed the ethanolysis of the 3 positions during the reaction process, a 99% of ethyl oleate was obtained and it may be a very interesting drug-solvent and surfactant. The absence of acyl migrations under identical reaction conditions is clearly observed and hence the different activities and regioselectivities seem to be due to the different catalytic properties of different derivatives of TLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Abreu Silveira
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC. Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Moreno-Perez
- Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Basso
- Purolite, Unit D, Llantrisant Business Park, Llantrisant, CF72 8LF, UK
| | - Simona Serban
- Purolite, Unit D, Llantrisant Business Park, Llantrisant, CF72 8LF, UK
| | - Rita Pestana Mamede
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC. Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC. Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC. Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Guisan
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC. Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Kuhnle GG, Leblanc JC, Lillegaard IT, Moldeus P, Mortensen A, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Boon P, Chrysafidis D, Gürtler R, Mosesso P, Tobback P, Rincon AM, Horvath Z, Lambré C. Re-evaluation of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids (E 471) as food additives. EFSA J 2017; 15:e05045. [PMID: 32625340 PMCID: PMC7010209 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids (E 471) when used as a food additive. The Panel considered that it is very likely that hydrolysis of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids by lipases in the gastrointestinal tract would occur, resulting in the release of glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol (E 422) and fatty acids (E 570) have been re-evaluated and the Panel concluded that there was no safety concern regarding their use as food additives. Toxicological studies with mono- and di-glycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids were considered for the re-evaluation of E 471. No evidence for adverse effects was reported in short-term, subchronic studies, chronic, reproductive and developmental toxicity studies. Neither carcinogenic potential nor a promotion effect in initiation/promotion was reported. The available studies did not raise any concern with regard to genotoxicity. The refined estimates were based on 31 out of 84 food categories in which E 471 is authorised. The Panel noted that the contribution of E 471 represented at the mean only 0.8-3.5% of the recommended daily fat intake. Based on the approach described in the conceptual framework for the risk assessment of certain food additives re-evaluated under Commission Regulation (EU) No 257/2010 and taking into account the considerations mentioned above, the Panel concluded that there was no need for a numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) and that the food additive mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids (E 471) was of no safety concern at the reported uses and use levels. The Panel recommended some modifications of the EU specifications for E 471.
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10
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González-Fernández MJ, Ramos-Bueno RP, Rodríguez-García I, Guil-Guerrero JL. Purification process for MUFA- and PUFA-based monoacylglycerols from edible oils. Biochimie 2017; 139:107-114. [PMID: 28595901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Important health benefits have been attributed to monoacylglycerols (MAGs) due to their various physiological functions, owing to which they become candidates for use as functional foods in order to prevent the onset of certain diseases such as colon cancer. In this work, six edible oils, namely: olive, linseed, sunflower, evening primrose, DHASCO® and ARASCO® have been processed to obtain different MUFA- and PUFA- based MAGs. First, the oils were hydrolyzed by means of an enzymatic process using porcine pancreatic lipase and then the reaction products were fractionated by using a liquid chromatography column containing silica gel as stationary phase in order to purify the MAGs-enriched fraction. A second chromatography process was performed using silver nitrate coated silica gel as stationary phase, in order to obtain the different MUFA- and PUFA-based MAGs from the corresponding oils. Overall, MAGs based on oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids have been isolated in high yields and purities (92.6, 97.4, 95.3, 90.9, 100 and 95.3% purity, respectively). Positional distribution was determined by means of 1H NMR, which revealed a mix of 1(3) and 2-MAGs in variable proportions in the different MAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J González-Fernández
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - R P Ramos-Bueno
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - I Rodríguez-García
- Organic Chemistry Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain
| | - J L Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, E-040120, Almería, Spain.
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11
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Keskin H, Koçak Yanık D, Mucuk HN, Göğüş F, Fadıloğlu S. Valorization of Olive Pomace Oil with Enzymatic Synthesis of 2-Monoacylglycerol. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C841-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasene Keskin
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept; The Univ. of Gaziantep; Gaziantep 27310 Turkey
| | - Derya Koçak Yanık
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept; The Univ. of Gaziantep; Gaziantep 27310 Turkey
| | - Hatice Neval Mucuk
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept; The Univ. of Gaziantep; Gaziantep 27310 Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Göğüş
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept; The Univ. of Gaziantep; Gaziantep 27310 Turkey
| | - Sibel Fadıloğlu
- Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Dept; The Univ. of Gaziantep; Gaziantep 27310 Turkey
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12
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Sánchez DA, Tonetto GM, Ferreira ML. An insight on acyl migration in solvent-free ethanolysis of model triglycerides using Novozym 435. J Biotechnol 2016; 220:92-9. [PMID: 26795690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the ethanolysis of triglycerides catalyzed by immobilized lipase was studied, focusing on the secondary reaction of acyl migration. The catalytic tests were performed in a solvent-free reaction medium using Novozym 435 as biocatalyst. The selected experimental variables were biocatalyst loading (5-20mg), reaction time (30-90min), and chain length of the fatty acids in triglycerides with and without unsaturation (short (triacetin), medium (tricaprylin) and long (tripalmitin/triolein)). The formation of 2-monoglyceride by ethanolysis of triglycerides was favored by long reaction times and large biocatalyst loading with saturated short- to medium-chain triglycerides. In the case of long-chain triglycerides, the formation of this monoglyceride was widely limited by acyl migration. In turn, acyl migration increased the yield of ethyl esters and minimized the content of monoglycerides and diglycerides. Thus, the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel was favored by long-chain triglycerides (which favor the acyl migration), long reaction times and large biocatalyst loading. The conversion of acylglycerides made from long-chain fatty acids with unsaturation was relatively low due to limitations in their access to the active site of the lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alberto Sánchez
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, CC 717, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Marta Tonetto
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, CC 717, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Luján Ferreira
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, CC 717, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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13
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Kinetics of layered double hydroxide catalyzed esterification of fatty acids with glycerol. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Kim BH, Akoh CC. Recent Research Trends on the Enzymatic Synthesis of Structured Lipids. J Food Sci 2015; 80:C1713-24. [PMID: 26189491 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Structured lipids (SLs) are lipids that have been chemically or enzymatically modified from their natural biosynthetic form. Because SLs are made to possess desired nutritional, physicochemical, or textural properties for various applications in the food industry, many research activities have been aimed at their commercialization. The production of SLs by enzymatic procedures has a great potential in the future market because of the specificity of lipases and phospholipases used as the biocatalysts. The aim of this review is to provide concise information on the recent research trends on the enzymatic synthesis of SLs of commercial interest, such as medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols, human milk fat substitutes, cocoa butter equivalents, trans-free or low-trans plastic fats (such as margarines and shortenings), low-calorie fats/oils, health-beneficial fatty acid-rich fats/oils, mono- or diacylglycerols, and structurally modified phospholipids. This limited review covers 108 research articles published between 2010 and 2014 which were searched in Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hee Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang Univ, Anseong, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Casimir C Akoh
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Univ. of Georgia, Food Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602-2610, U.S.A
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Mangas-Sánchez J, Serrano-Arnaldos M, Adlercreutz P. Effective and highly selective lipase-mediated synthesis of 2-monoolein and 1,2-diolein in a two-phase system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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