Correlation of structural characterization and viscosity measurements with total unsaturation: An effective method for controlling ozonation in the preparation of ozonated grape seed and sunflower oils

Ozonated oil effect for prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in rats undergoing zoledronic acid therapy

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of ozonated oil on the development of MRONJ-like lesions at tooth extraction sites in rats submitted to zoledronic acid treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Twelve rats were divided into two groups. Each rat received an injection of zoledronic acid solution once a week for 5 weeks before having its upper first molar extracted. In group 1, the clotted socket was maintained, while in the group 2, the socket was treated with ozonated oil for 10 min/day during 3 days. After euthanasia, block resection was performed for histological analysis. Necrotic bone was defined as the area of the bone with empty osteocyte lacunae and vital bone as the area with osteocyte-occupied lacunae.

RESULTS

There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the average area of vital bone (p = 0.2248) and the average area of necrotic bone (p = 0.1208). However, the average area of vital bone in group 1 was smaller (24.1 ± 2.9 cells/cm²) than in group 2 (26.8 ± 4.2 cells/cm²), and the average area of necrotic bone in group 1 was higher (7.0 ± 2.5 cells/cm²) than in group 2 (4.0 ± 1.1 cells/cm²), indicating that ozonated oil may reduce the development of osteonecrosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that ozonated oil might prevent MRONJ-like lesions at tooth extraction sites in rats submitted to a disease induction protocol. Further research should be conducted to confirm this hypothesis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

MRONJ has been reported as a complication of surgical dental procedures, and there are currently no predictable preventive therapies.

Ozonated Oils as Antimicrobial Systems in Topical Applications. Their Characterization, Current Applications, and Advances in Improved Delivery Techniques

The search for a wide spectrum of antimicrobial agents that can avoid resistance while maintaining reasonable side effects has led to ozonated oils experiencing an increase in scientific interest and clinical applications. The treatment of vegetable oils with ozone leads to the creation of a reservoir of ozone that slowly releases into the skin thanks to the fact that ozone can be held as ozonides of unsaturated fatty acids. Interest in the use of ozonated oils has meant that several ozonated-vegetable-oil-containing products have been commercialized as cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents, and in innovative textile products with antibacterial activity. New approaches to the delivery of ozonated oils have very recently appeared in an attempt to improve their characteristics and reduce drawbacks, such as an unpleasant odor, high viscosity and undesired effects on skin, including irritation and rashes. The present review focuses on the current status of delivery agents that use ozonated oils as antimicrobial agents in topical (dermal, skin, and soft tissues) treatments. Challenges and future opportunities for these delivery systems will also be discussed.

Kinetics and Condensed-Phase Products in Multiphase Ozonolysis of an Unsaturated Triglyceride

Ozone is an important oxidant in the environment. To study the nature of multiphase ozonolysis, an unsaturated triglyceride, triolein, of the type present in skin oil, biological membranes, and most cooking oils was oxidized by gas-phase ozone on a surface. A high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method was developed for analyzing triolein and its oxidized products. Upon exposure to ozone, the decay of thin coatings of triolein was observed, accompanied by the formation of functionalized condensed-phase products including secondary ozonides (SOZ), acids, and aldehydes. By studying the reaction kinetics as a function of average coating thickness and ozone mixing ratio, we determined that the reactive uptake coefficient (γ) is on the order of 10^-6 to 10^-5. It is also concluded that the reaction occurs in the bulk without a major interfacial component, and the reacto-diffusive depth of ozone in the triolein coating is estimated to be between 8 and 40 nm. The specific nature of the reaction products is affected by the reactions of the Criegee intermediate formed during ozonolysis. In particular, although an increase in the relative humidity to 50% from dry conditions has no effect on the kinetics of triolein decay, the yield of SOZs is significantly depressed, indicating reactions of the Criegee intermediates to form hydroperoxides. Once formed, the SOZ products are thermally stable over periods of at least 48 h at room temperature but decomposition was observed under simulated outdoor sunlight, likely forming organic acids. From an environmental perspective, this chemistry indicates that SOZs and other oxygenates will form via ozonolysis of oily indoor surfaces and skin oil.

Ozonolysis of neem oil: preparation and characterization of potent antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant bacterial strains

Neem ozonated oils showed excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against standard E. faecalis, clinical vancomycin resistant E. faecium, clinical multiresistant K. pneumoniae (KPC), and S. aureus (MRSA and standard).

Synthesis, characterization, thermal behavior, and biological activity of ozonides from vegetable oils

This study involved detailed characterization of ozonated oils, including thermal analysis and investigation of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity.