A novel method to synthesize 1‐acyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine and 1,2‐diacyl‐ sn ‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine

Enzymatic preparation of glycerophosphatilcholine catalyzed by combinational phospholipases: a comparative study of concerted versus stepwise catalysis

Glycerophosphatilcholine (GPC) is widely applied in medical, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Due to the lack of natural resources, enzymatic preparation of GPC has been explored in recent years. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of different addition methods of combinational phospholipases (PLA₁ and PLA₂) and various process parameters (time, temperature, pH, substrate concentrate, enzyme load, and stirring rate) on the preparation of GPC. The results showed that compared with concerted catalysis, the catalytic efficiency of adding PLA₂ and then PLA₁ (PLA₂ → A₁) was higher, whereas that of adding PLA₁ and then PLA₂ was lower. The main reason might be that the method of PLA₂ → A₁ could reduce acyl migration and the competition between PLA₁ and PLA₂, which was beneficial to improve the GPC yield and shorten the reaction time. This paper could provide a novel approach for the future preparation of GPC catalyzed by combinational phospholipases.

The addition methods of PLA₁ and PLA₂ had a vital influence on the preparation of GPC, and the method of PLA₂ → A₁ was the most effective.

New phenophospholipids equipped with multi-functionalities: Regiospecific synthesis and characterization

HYPOTHESIS

In multi-phase systems, many complex reactions take place at the interface where a molecule equipped with manifold functionalities is demanded. By taking advantage of the surface-active property of phosphatidylcholine (PC) scaffold and antioxidant properties of phenolic acids, new multifunctional molecules are generated, which are expected to confer physical and oxidative stability to sensitive bioactive ingredients in delivery systems.

EXPERIMENTS

This work reports a successful synthesis of two new arrays of phenophospholipids sn-1-acyl(C12-C18)-sn-2-caffeoyl and sn-1-caffeoyl-sn-2-acyl phosphatidylcholines via mild scalable regiospecific pathways; as structurally verified by MS, ¹H/¹³C NMR analyses, and characterized by critical micelle concentrations (CMC), FTIR, and DSC analysis. Synthesized phenophospholipids are subjected to stabilizing o/w emulsion, and antioxidation tests as demonstrated by TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays.

FINDINGS

This study has demonstrated that; (1) phenophospholipids with a broad spectrum of CMC are created, affording superior emulsion stability than soybean PC; (2) all phenophospholipids present improved oxidation inhibition and sn-2-caffeoyl phenophospholipids display superior performance to sn-1-caffeoyl phenophospholipids, soybean PC or admixture of caffeic acid and soybean PC; (3) incorporation of caffeoyl in PC scaffold does not sacrifice radical scavenging ability of caffeic acid, whilst the ion chelating capacity of sn-1-myristoyl(C14)-sn-2-caffeoyl PC enhance by 4.5 times compared to soy PC. Fluorescence Microscopy imaging verified the location of phenophospholipids in the interface as desired. Among synthetic phenophospholipids, sn-1-myristoyl(C14)-sn-2-caffeoyl PC commits the cut-off effect in most desired functionalities, which might be of great potential for multi-purpose applications.