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Teng KT, Loganathan R, Chew BH, Khang TF. Diverse impacts of red palm olein, extra virgin coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil on cardiometabolic risk markers in individuals with central obesity: a randomised trial. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1225-1239. [PMID: 38372798 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary fats with an abundance of phytonutrients have garnered public attention beyond fatty acids per se. This study was set to investigate the impact of consuming diets with red palm olein (RPOO), extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO, as a control) on cardiometabolic risk biomarkers and lipid profile. METHODS We recruited a total of 156 individuals with central obesity, aged 25-45 years, with waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women in a parallel single-blind 3-arm randomised controlled trial. The participants consumed isocaloric diets (~ 2400 kcal) enriched with respective test fats (RPOO, EVCO or EVOO) for a 12-week duration. RESULTS The mean of the primary outcome plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein was statistically similar between the three diets after a 12-week intervention. EVOO resulted in significantly lower mean LDL cholesterol compared with RPOO and EVCO, despite similar effects on LDL and HDL cholesterol subfractions. The RPOO diet group showed elevated mean α and β -carotenes levels compared with EVCO and EVOO diet groups (P < 0.05), corresponding with the rich carotenoid content in RPOO. CONCLUSION The three oils, each of which has unique phytonutrient and fatty acid compositions, manifested statistically similar cardiometabolic effects in individuals with central obesity at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases with distinct circulating antioxidant properties. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05791370).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Tiu Teng
- Nutrition Unit, Division of Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Radhika Loganathan
- Nutrition Unit, Division of Product Development and Advisory Services, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Boon How Chew
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Unit, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah (HSAAS Teaching Hospital), Persiaran Mardi-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tsung Fei Khang
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Data Analytics, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Akpinar M, Bauer Estrada K, Tekin A, Quintanilla‐Carvajal MX, Gumus‐Bonacina CE. Oxidative stability of high oleic palm and hazelnut skin oil blends. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Akpinar
- Department of Food Engineering Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Aziz Tekin
- Department of Food Engineering Ankara University Ankara Turkey
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Hewlings SJ, Draayer K, Kalman DS. Palm Fruit Bioactive Complex (PFBc), a Source of Polyphenols, Demonstrates Potential Benefits for Inflammaging and Related Cognitive Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041127. [PMID: 33808068 PMCID: PMC8066389 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function is a key aspect of healthy aging. Inflammation associated with normal aging, also called inflammaging is a primary risk factor for cognitive decline. A diet high in fruits and vegetable and lower in calories, particularly a Mediterranean Diet, may lower the risk of age-related cognitive decline due in part to the associated high intake of antioxidants and polyphenols. A phenolic, Palm Fruit Bioactive complex (PFBc) derived from the extraction process of palm oil from oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis), is reported to offset inflammation due to its high antioxidant, especially vitamin E, and polyphenol content. The benefit is thought to be achieved via the influence of antioxidants on gene expression. It is the purpose of this comprehensive review to discuss the etiology, including gene expression, of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) specific to dietary intake of antioxidants and polyphenols and to focus on the potential impact of nutritional interventions specifically PFBc has on MCI. Several in vitro, in vivo and animal studies support multiple benefits of PFBc especially for improving cognitive function via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. While more human studies are needed, those completed thus far support the benefit of consuming PFBc to enhance cognitive function via its anti-inflammatory antioxidant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Hewlings
- The Herbert H & Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, Nutrition, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Nutrasource/GRAS Associates, Scientific Affairs, Guelph, ON N1G0B4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristin Draayer
- EDGE Veterinary Vaccines Consulting Group, 315 MAIN STREET 201, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Douglas S. Kalman
- Nutrasource/GRAS Associates, Scientific Affairs, Guelph, ON N1G0B4, Canada;
- Nutrion Department, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Mozzon M, Foligni R, Mannozzi C. Current Knowledge on Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oils as Food and Food Ingredient. Foods 2020; 9:E631. [PMID: 32422962 PMCID: PMC7278620 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumers' opinion concerning conventional palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil is negatively affected by environmental and nutritional issues. However, oils extracted from drupes of interspecific hybrids Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensis are getting more and more interest, due to their chemical and nutritional properties. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) are the most abundant constituents (60%-80% of total fatty acids) of hybrid palm oil (HPO) and are mainly acylated in position sn-2 of the glycerol backbone. Carotenes and tocotrienols are the most interesting components of the unsaponifiable matter, even if their amount in crude oils varies greatly. The Codex Committee on Fats and Oils recently provided HPO the "dignity" of codified fat substance for human consumption and defined the physical and chemical parameters for genuine crude oils. However, only few researches have been conducted to date on the functional and technological properties of HPO, thus limiting its utilization in food industry. Recent studies on the nutritional effects of HPO softened the initial enthusiasm about the "tropical equivalent of olive oil", suggesting that the overconsumption of HPO in the most-consumed processed foods should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Foligni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Mannozzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
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Flores Ruedas RJ, Dibildox-Alvarado E, Pérez Martínez JD, Murillo Hernández NI. Enzymatically interesterified hybrid palm stearin as an alternative to conventional palm stearin. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1699168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Dibildox-Alvarado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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Sales RC, Medeiros PC, Spreafico F, de Velasco PC, Gonçalves FKA, Martín-Hernández R, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Gil-Zamorano J, Peres WAF, de Souza SAL, Dávalos A, Tavares do Carmo MG. Olive Oil, Palm Oil, and Hybrid Palm Oil Distinctly Modulate Liver Transcriptome and Induce NAFLD in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010008. [PMID: 30577497 PMCID: PMC6337378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. The most severe form is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among risk factors for the development of NAFLD is excessive lipid intake. Since palm (P) oil is the most consumed oil in the world, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-fat diets made with P oil, hybrid palm (HP) oil, or olive (O) oil in liver. Twenty-four male mice (C57Bl/6J) were fed a high-fat diet (41% fat) containing P, HP, or O oils for 8 weeks and compared to a control (C) group fed a chow diet. Adiposity was measured with computed tomography. Body, adipose tissue, and liver weights, as well as liver fat (Bligh–Dyer), blood lipid profile, glucose, and liver enzymes were measured. Liver histology (hematoxylin–eosin) and transcriptome (microarray-based) were performed. ANOVA tests with Newman–Keuls were used. Body weight was increased in the P group (p < 0.001) and body fat in the O group (C vs. O p ≤ 0.01, P vs. O p ≤ 0.05, HP vs. O p ≤ 0.05). All high-fat diets disturbed the blood lipid profile and glucose, with marked effects of HP on very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase (p ≤ 0.001). HP had the highest liver fat (42.76 ± 1.58), followed by P (33.94 ± 1.13). O had a fat amount comparable to C (16.46 ± 0.34, 14.71 ± 0.70, respectively). P and HP oils induced hepatocyte ballooning. Transcriptome alterations of the O group were related to amino acid metabolism and fatty acid (FA) metabolism, the P group to calcium ion homeostasis, and HP oil to protein localization. Both P and HP oils induced NASH in mice via disturbed hepatocyte transcription. This raises concerns about the content of these oils in several industrialized foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Sales
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Priscylla C Medeiros
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil.
| | - Flavia Spreafico
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrícia C de Velasco
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda K A Gonçalves
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Wilza A F Peres
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Sergio A L de Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21044-020, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria G Tavares do Carmo
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
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Pacetti D, Gagliardi R, Balzano M, Frega NG, Ojeda ML, Borrero M, Ruiz A, Lucci P. Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile and Phospholipid Molecular Species Composition of Human Erythrocyte Membranes after Hybrid Palm and Extra Virgin Olive Oil Supplementation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5499-5507. [PMID: 27315139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate and compare, for the first time, the effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and hybrid palm oil (HPO) supplementation on the fatty acid profile and phospholipid (PL) molecular species composition of human erythrocyte membranes. Results supported the effectiveness of both HPO and EVOO supplementation (3 months, 25 mL/day) in decreasing the lipophilic index of erythrocytes with no significant differences between HPO and EVOO groups at month 3. On the other hand, the novel and rapid ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method used for PL analysis reveals an increase in the levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species esterified with polyunsaturated fatty acids. This work demonstrates the ability of both EVOO and HPO to increase the degree of unsaturation of erythrocyte membrane lipids with an improvement in membrane fluidity that could be associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - R Gagliardi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - M Balzano
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - N G Frega
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche , Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - M L Ojeda
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , KR 7 #40-62, Bogota D.C., Columbia
| | - M Borrero
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , KR 7 #40-62, Bogota D.C., Columbia
| | - A Ruiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , KR 7 #40-62, Bogota D.C., Columbia
| | - P Lucci
- Department of Agri-food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine , Via Sondrio 2/a, 33100 Udine, Italy
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