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Cardoni M, Mercado-Blanco J. Confronting stresses affecting olive cultivation from the holobiont perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1261754. [PMID: 38023867 PMCID: PMC10661416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1261754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The holobiont concept has revolutionized our understanding of plant-associated microbiomes and their significance for the development, fitness, growth and resilience of their host plants. The olive tree holds an iconic status within the Mediterranean Basin. Innovative changes introduced in olive cropping systems, driven by the increasing demand of its derived products, are not only modifying the traditional landscape of this relevant commodity but may also imply that either traditional or emerging stresses can affect it in ways yet to be thoroughly investigated. Incomplete information is currently available about the impact of abiotic and biotic pressures on the olive holobiont, what includes the specific features of its associated microbiome in relation to the host's structural, chemical, genetic and physiological traits. This comprehensive review consolidates the existing knowledge about stress factors affecting olive cultivation and compiles the information available of the microbiota associated with different olive tissues and organs. We aim to offer, based on the existing evidence, an insightful perspective of diverse stressing factors that may disturb the structure, composition and network interactions of the olive-associated microbial communities, underscoring the importance to adopt a more holistic methodology. The identification of knowledge gaps emphasizes the need for multilevel research approaches and to consider the holobiont conceptual framework in future investigations. By doing so, more powerful tools to promote olive's health, productivity and resilience can be envisaged. These tools may assist in the designing of more sustainable agronomic practices and novel breeding strategies to effectively face evolving environmental challenges and the growing demand of high quality food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cardoni
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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De Bruno A, Romeo R, Piscopo A, Poiana M. Antioxidant quantification in different portions obtained during olive oil extraction process in an olive oil press mill. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1119-1126. [PMID: 32785970 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different antioxidant compounds are generally transferred from olives to olive oil during the production process. This work characterized the principal total bioactive compounds (tocopherols and phenols) in olives, olive oil and by-products of four cultivars grown in Calabrian areas (southern Italy), considering the effect of harvesting period. Antioxidant capacity, total and individual phenolic compounds were also analysed. RESULTS Drupes, olive paste, pomace and olive wastewater showed similar phenolic compounds, while olive oil possessed a different composition, suggesting that phenols are not only transferred from drupe to oil, but also they change during oil production. Tocopherols varied among cultivars and harvesting period: generally, they were more abundant in samples produced in the first harvesting period. Qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic composition and antioxidant activity were significantly found among cultivars in all the matrices. CONCLUSION The highest amount of total phenolic antioxidants ended up in olive wastewater with variability due to the olive cultivar, while only a small part of them finished in the oil. This work shows evidence that the availability of bioactive compounds in different portions from the olive oil extraction belong to different varietal origins. In particular, new information was acquired on Ottobratica Calipa, a new olive clone, that produced an olive oil with an interesting antioxidant amount. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Bruno
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosa Romeo
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Amalia Piscopo
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marco Poiana
- Department of AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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Miazzi MM, di Rienzo V, Mascio I, Montemurro C, Sion S, Sabetta W, Vivaldi GA, Camposeo S, Caponio F, Squeo G, Difonzo G, Loconsole G, Bottalico G, Venerito P, Montilon V, Saponari A, Altamura G, Mita G, Petrontino A, Fucilli V, Bozzo F. Re.Ger.O.P.: An Integrated Project for the Recovery of Ancient and Rare Olive Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32153605 PMCID: PMC7044272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree is one of the most important economic, cultural, and environmental resources for Italy, in particular for the Apulian region, where it shows a wide diversity. The increasing attention to the continuous loss of plant genetic diversity due to social, economic and climatic changes, has favored a renewed interest in strategies aimed at the recovery and conservation of these genetic resources. In the frame of a project for the valorization of the olive Apulian biodiversity (Re.Ger.O.P. project), 177 minor genotypes were recovered in different territories of the region. They were submitted to morphological, molecular, technological and phytosanitary status analysis in comparison with reference cultivars, then they were propagated and transferred in an ex situ field. All the available information was stored in an internal regional database including photographic documentation and geographic position. The work allowed obtaining information about the genetic diversity of Apulian germplasm, to clarify cases of homonymy and synonymy, to check the sanitary status, and to identify candidate genotypes useful both to set up breeding programs and to enrich the panel of olive cultivars available to farmers for commercial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabella Mascio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Sion
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Wilma Sabetta
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Unit of Bari CNR Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Camposeo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Squeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Guiliana Loconsole
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bottalico
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Venerito
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Montilon
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Saponari
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Altamura
- CRSFA-Centro Ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura, “Basile Caramia” Locorotondo, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Unit of Lecce, CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Fucilli
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bozzo
- SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of the University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Campos MD, Zellama MS, Varanda C, Materatski P, Peixe A, Chaouachi M, Félix MDR. Establishment of a Sensitive qPCR Methodology for Detection of the Olive-Infecting Viruses in Portuguese and Tunisian Orchards. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:694. [PMID: 31191591 PMCID: PMC6549245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of viruses in olive orchards is actually of main importance since these pathogenic agents cannot be treated, their dissemination is quite easy, and they can have eventual negative effects on olive oil quality. The work presented here describes the development and application of a new SYBR® Green-based real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis for specific and reliable quantification of highly spread olive tree viruses: Olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1), Tobacco necrosis virus D (TNV-D), Olive mild mosaic virus (OMMV), and Olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV). qPCR methodology revealed high specificity and sensitivity, estimated in the range of 0.8-8 copies of the virus genome, for the studied viruses. For validation of the method, total RNA and double strand RNA (dsRNA) from naturally infected trees were used. In a first trial, dsRNAs from trees of cv. "Galega vulgar" from a Portuguese orchard, were subjected to qPCR and from the 30 samples tested, 26 were TNV-D and/or OMMV-positive and 25 were OLV-1 positive. In a second trial, total RNA from trees of different cultivars from Tunisian orchards, were here tested by qPCR and all viruses were detected. From the 33 samples studied, the most prevalent virus detected in Tunisia orchards was OLV-1 (31 samples diagnosed), followed by OLYaV (20 samples diagnosed), and finally the combination in last TNV-D and/or OMMV (12 samples diagnosed). In both trials, qPCR demonstrated to be effective and sensitive, even when using total RNA as template. qPCR through the use of a SYBR® Green methodology enabled, for the first time, a reliable, sensitive, and reproducible estimation of virus accumulation in infected olive trees, in which viruses are usually in low titres, that will allow gaining new insights in virus biology essential for disease control and give an important contribution for establishment of sanitary certification of olive propagative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Doroteia Campos
- ICAAM – Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Salem Zellama
- Laboratoire de Recherche “Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation," Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Carla Varanda
- ICAAM – Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Patrick Materatski
- ICAAM – Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Augusto Peixe
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, ICAAM – Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Maher Chaouachi
- Laboratoire de Recherche “Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation," Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria do Rosário Félix
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, ICAAM – Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
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