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Domingo LR, Kula K, Ríos‐Gutiérrez M. Unveiling the Reactivity of Cyclic Azomethine Ylides in [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions within the Molecular Electron Density Theory. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Karolina Kula
- Department of Organic Chemistry Cracow University of Technology Warszawska 24 31‐155 Cracow Poland
| | - Mar Ríos‐Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia Dr. Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology McMaster University 1280 Main Street West L8S 4L8 Hamilton Ontario Canada
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2
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Rhyman L, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Domingo LR, Ramasami P. Unveiling the high reactivity of benzyne in the formal [3+2] cycloaddition reactions towards thioamides through the Molecular Electron Density Theory. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Deddouche N, Chemouri H. Theoretical elucidation of the energy conversion rate in organic photovoltaic cells of the fullerene nanostructure derivatives. A density functional theory study. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s021963362050025x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A comparative theoretical study of the kinetics of the Diels–Alder (DA) reaction between empty fullerene (C[Formula: see text]) and lithium ion encapsulated fullerene ([Formula: see text]) with 1,3 cyclohexadiene (C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]) was carried out. This reaction takes place in a photovoltaic cell. The effect of the encapsulated [Formula: see text] ion on the conversion rate of solar energy into electricity has been highlighted through calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). In addition, a static study using the global conceptual DFT indices, as part of the demonstration of the significant electrophilic power of the fullerene nanostructure, was carried out to show the effect of encapsulating the [Formula: see text] ion in this nanoparticle on the electrophilic power of Li[Formula: see text]@C[Formula: see text] and therefore on the acceleration of the reaction. The relationship between the HOMOdonor–LUMOacceptor energy difference and the DA reaction acceleration, and therefore the acceleration of light conversion (a rapid conversion implies a small gap), has been thoroughly examined. Moreover, a mechanistic study of the kinetics of the DA reaction of the fullerene involved in an organic photovoltaic cell has been carried out. In this section, a concerted synchronous mechanism with no effect of [Formula: see text] encapsulation on the synchronicity of the reaction was observed. Finally, it was revealed that Li[Formula: see text]@C[Formula: see text] reacted approximately 2466 times faster than C[Formula: see text]. Moreover, the experimental results were found in good agreement with the computer calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Deddouche
- Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics and Molecular, Modeling N∘ 53, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University A. Belkaïd, B. P. 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Hafida Chemouri
- Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics and Molecular, Modeling N∘ 53, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University A. Belkaïd, B. P. 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
- High School of Applied Sciences of Tlemcen, ESSA-Tlemcen BP 165 RP Bel Horizon, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
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Domingo LR, Acharjee N. Unveiling the high reactivity of strained dibenzocyclooctyne in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with diazoalkanes through the molecular electron density theory. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Nivedita Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry Durgapur Government College Durgapur West Bengal India
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zanda
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
- C.N.R.‐SCITEC Via Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Raffaella Bucci
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
| | - Nikki L. Sloan
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Topping
- Loughborough University Centre for Sensing and Imaging Science School of Science Sir David Davies Building, Chemistry Department 113TU Loughborough United Kingdom
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6
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Theoretical kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the strain energies and ring size effects of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions on ethinamate medicine analogs. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Domingo LR, Acharjee N. Unravelling the strain-promoted [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of phenyl azide with cycloalkynes from the molecular electron density theory perspective. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increase of the strain not only increases the reaction rate and the exothermic character of these reactions, but also changes the mechanism for the small cycloalkynes from a non-polar to a polar reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- E-46100 Valencia
- Spain
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Domingo LR, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Pérez P. Unveiling the high reactivity of cyclohexynes in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions through the molecular electron density theory. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:498-508. [PMID: 30569052 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of cyclohexyne, a cyclic strained acetylene, with methyl azide and methoxycarbonyl diazomethane have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d) computational level. These 32CA reactions, which take place through a one-step mechanism involving highly asynchronous transition state structures, proceed with relatively low activation enthalpies of 6.0 and 4.3 kcal mol-1, respectively, both reactions being strongly exothermic. The reactions are initiated by the creation of a pseudoradical center at one of the two acetylenic carbons of cyclohexyne with a very low energy cost, 1.0 kcal mol-1, which promotes the easy formation of the first C-N(C) single bond in the adjacent acetylenic carbon. This scenario is completely different from that of the 32CA reaction involving non-strained but-2-yne; thus, strain in cyclohexyne triggers a high reactivity as a consequence of its unusual electronic structure at the ground state. Finally, the experimental regioselectivity of the 32CA reactions involving 3-alkoxy-cyclohexyne derivatives is correctly explained within MEDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Schaub TA, Margraf JT, Zakharov L, Reuter K, Jasti R. Strain‐Promoted Reactivity of Alkyne‐Containing Cycloparaphenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16348-16353. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Johannes T. Margraf
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Technical University of Munich 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Lev Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Technical University of Munich 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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Schaub TA, Margraf JT, Zakharov L, Reuter K, Jasti R. Strain‐Promoted Reactivity of Alkyne‐Containing Cycloparaphenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Johannes T. Margraf
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Technical University of Munich 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Lev Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Technical University of Munich 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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Domingo LR, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Pérez P. A molecular electron density theory study of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of nitrones with strained allenes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01916e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular electron density theory study of this [3 + 2] cycloaddition reveals that the strain present in the cyclic allene changes its reactivity to that characteristic of highly reactive radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- E-46100 Burjassot
- Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Millennium Nucleus Chemical Processes and Catalysis (CPC)
- Santiago
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12
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Theoretical Calculation of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Quantities for 1,3 Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Between Nitrile Sulfides R–CNS (R = H, CH3, Ph and Ph(CH3)3) with 7–10 Membered Simple Cycloalkynes. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Medina JM, McMahon TC, Jiménez-Osés G, Houk KN, Garg NK. Cycloadditions of cyclohexynes and cyclopentyne. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14706-9. [PMID: 25283710 PMCID: PMC4207212 DOI: 10.1021/ja508635v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
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We report the strategic use of cyclohexyne
and the more elusive
intermediate, cyclopentyne, as a tool for the synthesis of new
heterocyclic compounds. Experimental and computational studies
of a 3-substituted cyclohexyne are also described. The observed
regioselectivities are explained by the distortion/interaction
model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Theoretical study of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between 7–10-membered simple cycloalkynes and triazoles R–N3 (R = H, CH3, Ph). Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gampe CM, Carreira EM. Arynes and Cyclohexyne in Natural Product Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3766-78. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rodríguez-Lojo D, Cobas A, Peña D, Pérez D, Guitián E. Aryne Insertion into I–I σ-Bonds. Org Lett 2012; 14:1363-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodríguez-Lojo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Agustín Cobas
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Diels–Alder reactions for the rational design of benzo[b]thiophenes: DFT-based guidelines for synthetic chemists. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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20
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Brasca R, Kneeteman MN, Mancini PME, Fabian WMF. Comprehensive DFT Study on Site-, Regio-, and Stereoselectivity of Diels-Alder Reactions Leading to 5-Hydroxybenzofurans. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Oliveira BG, Araújo RCMU, Carvalho AB, Ramos MN. A theoretical study of dihydrogen bonds in small protonated rings: aziridine and azetidine cations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 75:563-566. [PMID: 19959393 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations were used to predict some molecular properties of the C2H6N+...BeH2, C2H6N...MgH2, C3H8N...BeH2 and C3H8N+...MgH2 dihydrogen-bonded complexes. In these systems, it was demonstrated that the C2H6N+ and C3H8N+ protonated rings are potential candidates to bind with protonic hydrogens derived from alkaline earth metal compounds, BeH2 and MgH2. In terms of structural parameters and quantification of the dihydrogen bond energies, we should mention that the C2H6N+ three-membered ring provides the formation of stronger bound systems, which are 4.0 kJ mol-1 more stables than C3H8N+ four-membered ones. As complement, the analysis of the infrared spectrum indicated that red-shifts and blue-shifts are occurring in the N-H bonds of both C2H6N+ and C3H8N+ cationic rings. However, these two vibrational shifts were also verified on BeH2 and MgH2, what lead us to affirm that cationic compounds derived from small nitrogen rings and earth alkaline molecules are able to form unusual dihydrogen-bonded complexes by means of distinct spectroscopic phenomena, the red-shits and blue-shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba 58036-300 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Brasca R, Kneeteman MN, Mancini PM, Fabian WM. Theoretical explanation of the regioselectivity of polar cycloaddition reactions between furan derivatives and Danishefsky’s diene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Benchouk W, Mekelleche SM, Aurell MJ, Domingo LR. Understanding the regio- and chemoselective polar [3+2] cycloaddition of the Padwa carbonyl ylides with α-methylene ketones. A DFT study. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schoenebeck F, Ess DH, Jones GO, Houk KN. Reactivity and Regioselectivity in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Azides to Strained Alkynes and Alkenes: A Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8121-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schoenebeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Gavin O. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Benmeddah A, Mekelleche S, Benchouk W, Mostefa-Kara B, Villemin D. Prediction of the reactivity of 2(5H)-furanones as potential dienophiles in Diels–Alder reactions using philicity indexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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