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Xi JM, Liao WW. Radical addition to the CC bond meets (1, n)-HAT: recent advances in the remote C(sp 3)–H or C(sp 2)–H functionalization of alkenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent development of remote C(sp3)–H bond or aldehydic C(sp2)–H functionalizations enabled by intermolecular radical addition to CC bond/(1,n)-HAT tandem sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ming Xi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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2
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Kadikova G, D’yakonov VA, Dzhemilev UM. Cobalt(I)-Catalyzed [6π + 2π] Cycloaddition of 1,2-Dienes and 1,3-Diynes to N-Carbocholesteroxyazepine in the Synthesis of Previously Undescribed Heterofunctional 9-Azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonadi(tri)enes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21755-21763. [PMID: 34471777 PMCID: PMC8388074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Promising heterofunctional (E)-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4-dienes (79-92%) and 9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-trienes (77-90%) containing a cholesterol fragment in the structure have been synthesized for the first time through the [6π + 2π] cycloaddition reaction of terminal 1,2-dienes and symmetric 1,3-diynes with N-carbocholesteroxyazepine under the action of the Co(acac)2(dppe)/Zn/ZnI2 three-component catalytic system.
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3
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Kadikova GN, D’yakonov VA, Dzhemilev UM. Synthesis of New Functionally Substituted 9-Azabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-trienes by Cobalt(I)-Catalyzed [6π + 2π]-Cycloaddition of N-Carbocholesteroxyazepine to Alkynes. Molecules 2021; 26:2932. [PMID: 34069183 PMCID: PMC8156619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic [6π + 2π]-cycloaddition of N-carbocholesteroxyazepine with functionally substituted terminal alkynes and 1,4-butynediol was performed for the first time under the action of the Co(acac)2(dppe)/Zn/ZnI2 three-component catalytic system. The reaction gave previously undescribed but promising 9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nona-2,4,7-trienes (in 79-95% yields), covalently bound to a natural metabolite, cholesterol. The structure of the synthesized azabicycles was confirmed by analysis of one- and two-dimensional (1H, 13C, DEPT 13C, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC) NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir A. D’yakonov
- Laboratory of Catalytic Synthesis, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, Russia; (G.N.K.); (U.M.D.)
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4
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Chemical Constituents of Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross: Antioxidant Activity and Chemotaxonomy Significance. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.64788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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5
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Zhou W, Fisher PM, Vanderloop BH, Shen Y, Shi H, Maldonado AJ, Leaver DJ, Nes WD. A nematode sterol C4α-methyltransferase catalyzes a new methylation reaction responsible for sterol diversity. J Lipid Res 2019; 61:192-204. [PMID: 31548366 PMCID: PMC6997595 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive sterol evolution plays an important role in fossil record interpretation and offers potential therapeutic avenues for human disease resulting from nematode infections. Recognizing that C4-methyl stenol products [8(14)-lophenol] can be synthesized in bacteria while C4-methyl stanol products (dinosterol) can be synthesized in dinoflagellates and preserved as sterane biomarkers in ancient sedimentary rock is key to eukaryotic sterol evolution. In this regard, nematodes have been proposed to convert dietary cholesterol to 8(14)-lophenol by a secondary metabolism pathway that could involve sterol C4 methylation analogous to the C2 methylation of hopanoids (radicle-type mechanism) or C24 methylation of sterols (carbocation-type mechanism). Here, we characterized dichotomous cholesterol metabolic pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans that generate 3-oxo sterol intermediates in separate paths to lophanol (4-methyl stanol) and 8(14)-lophenol (4-methyl stenol). We uncovered alternate C3-sterol oxidation and Δ7 desaturation steps that regulate sterol flux from which branching metabolite networks arise, while lophanol/8(14)-lophenol formation is shown to be dependent on a sterol C4α-methyltransferse (4-SMT) that requires 3-oxo sterol substrates and catalyzes a newly discovered 3-keto-enol tautomerism mechanism linked to S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methylation. Alignment-specific substrate-binding domains similarly conserved in 4-SMT and 24-SMT enzymes, despite minimal amino acid sequence identity, suggests divergence from a common, primordial ancestor in the evolution of methyl sterols. The combination of these results provides evolutionary leads to sterol diversity and points to cryptic C4-methyl steroidogenic pathways of targeted convergence that mediate lineage-specific adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Paxtyn M Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Boden H Vanderloop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Adrian J Maldonado
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Physical Sciences, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX
| | - David J Leaver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.,Department of Biology, Geology, and Physical Sciences, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX
| | - W David Nes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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6
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Phosphorylated glycosphingolipids essential for cholesterol mobilization in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:647-654. [PMID: 28369040 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans requires exogenous cholesterol to survive and its depletion leads to early developmental arrest. Thus, tight regulation of cholesterol storage and distribution within the organism is indispensable. Here, we present a novel class of C. elegans phosphorylated glycosphingolipids, phosphoethanolamine glucosylceramides (PEGCs), capable of rescuing larval arrest induced by sterol starvation. We describe the total synthesis of a major PEGC species and demonstrate that the PEGC synthetic counterpart suppresses the dauer-constitutive phenotype of Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) and DAF-7/TGF-β mutant worms caused by impaired intracellular sterol trafficking. PEGC biosynthesis depends on functional NPC1 and TGF-β, indicating that these proteins control larval development at least partly through PEGC. Furthermore, glucosylceramide deficiency dramatically reduced PEGC amounts. However, the resulting developmental arrest could be rescued by oversaturation of food with cholesterol. Taken together, these data show that PEGC is essential for C. elegans development through its regulation of sterol mobilization.
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7
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Nie X, Cheng C, Zhu G. Palladium-Catalyzed Remote Aryldifluoroalkylation of Alkenyl Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Nie
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Normal University; 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P.R. China
| | - Cungui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Normal University; 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P.R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Normal University; 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P.R. China
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8
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Nie X, Cheng C, Zhu G. Palladium-Catalyzed Remote Aryldifluoroalkylation of Alkenyl Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1898-1902. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Nie
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Normal University; 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P.R. China
| | - Cungui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Normal University; 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P.R. China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Normal University; 688 Yingbin Road Jinhua 321004 P.R. China
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9
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Liu W, Li X, Chen J, Li T, Dong M, Lei X. Site-Selective and Metal-Free Aliphatic CH Oxidation Enabled Synthesis of [5,24,25-D3]-(25S)-Δ7-Dafachronic acid. Chemistry 2015; 21:5345-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Zhao Q, Qian C, Chen XZ. N-Hydroxyphthalimide catalyzed allylic oxidation of steroids with t-butyl hydroperoxide. Steroids 2015; 94:1-6. [PMID: 25527284 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new and optimized procedure for the allylic oxidation of Δ(5)-steroids with t-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of catalytic amounts of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) under mild conditions was developed, showing excellent regioselectivity and chemoselectivity (functional group compatibility). It was found that Co(OAc)2 could enhance the catalytic ability of NHPI resulting in better yields and shorter reaction times. The reaction mechanism and the scope of the reaction with a variety of Δ(5)-steroidal substrates were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Chao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, China.
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Mialoundama AS, Jadid N, Brunel J, Di Pascoli T, Heintz D, Erhardt M, Mutterer J, Bergdoll M, Ayoub D, Van Dorsselaer A, Rahier A, Nkeng P, Geoffroy P, Miesch M, Camara B, Bouvier F. Arabidopsis ERG28 tethers the sterol C4-demethylation complex to prevent accumulation of a biosynthetic intermediate that interferes with polar auxin transport. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4879-93. [PMID: 24326590 PMCID: PMC3903993 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sterols are vital for cellular functions and eukaryotic development because of their essential role as membrane constituents. Sterol biosynthetic intermediates (SBIs) represent a potential reservoir of signaling molecules in mammals and fungi, but little is known about their functions in plants. SBIs are derived from the sterol C4-demethylation enzyme complex that is tethered to the membrane by Ergosterol biosynthetic protein28 (ERG28). Here, using nonlethal loss-of-function strategies focused on Arabidopsis thaliana ERG28, we found that the previously undetected SBI 4-carboxy-4-methyl-24-methylenecycloartanol (CMMC) inhibits polar auxin transport (PAT), a key mechanism by which the phytohormone auxin regulates several aspects of plant growth, including development and responses to environmental factors. The induced accumulation of CMMC in Arabidopsis erg28 plants was associated with diagnostic hallmarks of altered PAT, including the differentiation of pin-like inflorescence, loss of apical dominance, leaf fusion, and reduced root growth. PAT inhibition by CMMC occurs in a brassinosteroid-independent manner. The data presented show that ERG28 is required for PAT in plants. Furthermore, it is accumulation of an atypical SBI that may act to negatively regulate PAT in plants. Hence, the sterol pathway offers further prospects for mining new target molecules that could regulate plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Samba Mialoundama
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Nurul Jadid
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
- Department of Biology Botanical and Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Sepuluh Nopember Institut of Technology, 60111 East-Java, Indonesia
| | - Julien Brunel
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Thomas Di Pascoli
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Erhardt
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Mutterer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Marc Bergdoll
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Daniel Ayoub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 67087 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 67087 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Alain Rahier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Paul Nkeng
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l'Education et de la Communication, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Université de Strasbourg-Institut de Chimie, 67008 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Michel Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Université de Strasbourg-Institut de Chimie, 67008 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Bilal Camara
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Florence Bouvier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
- Address correspondence to
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Inhibitory effect of oxygenated cholestan-3β-ol derivatives on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6111-3. [PMID: 24084159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of cholestan-3β-ol derivatives, which are oxygenated at different positions of the steroid ring system, were prepared and tested for their inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Several compounds showed significant antitubercular activities with MIC90 values in the range 4-8 μM and low or non-detectable toxicity against mammalian cells.
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13
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Karaki F, Ohgane K, Dodo K, Hashimoto Y. Structure–activity relationship studies of Niemann-Pick type C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) ligands identified by screening assay monitoring pharmacological chaperone effect. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5297-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Preliminary structure-activity relationship on theonellasterol, a new chemotype of FXR antagonist, from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. Mar Drugs 2012. [PMID: 23203270 PMCID: PMC3509528 DOI: 10.3390/md10112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using theonellasterol as a novel FXR antagonist hit, we prepared a series of semi-synthetic derivatives in order to gain insight into the structural requirements for exhibiting antagonistic activity. These derivatives are characterized by modification at the exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond at C-4 and at the hydroxyl group at C-3 and were prepared from theonellasterol using simple reactions. Pharmacological investigation showed that the introduction of a hydroxyl group at C-4 as well as the oxidation at C-3 with or without concomitant modification at the exomethylene functionality preserve the ability of theonellasterol to inhibit FXR transactivation caused by CDCA. Docking analysis showed that the placement of these molecules in the FXR-LBD is well stabilized when on ring A functional groups, able to form hydrogen bonds and π interactions, are present.
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15
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Saini R, Boland S, Kataeva O, Schmidt AW, Kurzchalia TV, Knölker HJ. Stereoselective synthesis and hormonal activity of novel dafachronic acids and naturally occurring steroids isolated from corals. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4159-63. [PMID: 22434373 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of (25S)-Δ(1)-, (25S)-Δ(1,4)-, (25S)-Δ(1,7)-, (25S)-Δ(8(14))-, (25S)-Δ(4,6,8(14))-dafachronic acid, methyl (25S)-Δ(1,4)-dafachronate and (25S)-5α-hydroxy-3,6-dioxocholest-7-en-26-oic acid is described. (25S)-Δ(1,4)-Dafachronic acid and its methyl ester are natural products isolated from corals and have been obtained by synthesis for the first time. (25S)-5α-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxocholest-7-en-26-oic acid represents a promising synthetic precursor for cytotoxic marine steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratni Saini
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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16
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Martin R, Entchev EV, Kurzchalia TV, Knölker HJ. Steroid hormones controlling the life cycle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: stereoselective synthesis and biology. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:739-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b918488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Martin R, Entchev EV, Däbritz F, Kurzchalia TV, Knölker HJ. Synthesis and Hormonal Activity of the (25S)-Cholesten-26-oic Acids - Potent Ligands for the DAF-12 Receptor inCaenorhabditis elegans. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Martin R, Schmidt AW, Theumer G, Krause T, Entchev EV, Kurzchalia TV, Knölker HJ. Synthesis and biological activity of the (25R)-cholesten-26-oic acids--ligands for the hormonal receptor DAF-12 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:909-20. [PMID: 19225674 DOI: 10.1039/b817358c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the stereoselective transformation of diosgenin (4a) to (25R)-Delta(4)-dafachronic acid (1a),(25R)-Delta(7)-dafachronic acid (2a), and (25R)-cholestenoic acid (3a), which represent potential ligands forthe hormonal receptor DAF-12 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Key-steps of our synthetic approach are amodified Clemmensen reduction of diosgenin (4a) and a double bond shift from the 5,6- to the 7,8-position. In the 25R-series, the Delta(7)-dafachronic acid 2a exhibits the highest hormonal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Martin
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Martin R, Saini R, Bauer I, Gruner M, Kataeva O, Zagoriy V, Entchev EV, Kurzchalia TV, Knölker HJ. 4α-Bromo-5α-cholestan-3β-ol and nor-5α-cholestan-3β-ol derivatives—stereoselective synthesis and hormonal activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2303-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b904001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Martin R, Däbritz F, Entchev EV, Kurzchalia TV, Knölker HJ. Stereoselective synthesis of the hormonally active (25S)-delta7-dafachronic acid, (25S)-Delta4-dafachronic acid, (25S)-dafachronic acid, and (25S)-cholestenoic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4293-5. [PMID: 19005586 DOI: 10.1039/b815064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a stereoselective synthesis of the (25S)-cholestenoic-26-acids which are highly efficient ligands for the hormonal receptor DAF-12 in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Martin
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Carrer DC, Schmidt AW, Knölker HJ, Schwille P. Membrane domain-disrupting effects of 4-substitued cholesterol derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:8807-8812. [PMID: 18656973 DOI: 10.1021/la801471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of cellular functions are thought to be regulated not only by the activity of membrane proteins, but also by the local membrane organization, including domains of specific lipid composition. Thus, molecules and drugs targeting and disrupting this lipid pattern, particularly of the plasma membrane, will not only help to investigate the role of membrane domains in cell biology, but might also be interesting candidates for therapy. We have identified three 4-substituted cholesterol derivatives that are able to induce a domain-disrupting effect in model membranes. When applied to giant unilamellar vesicles displaying liquid-ordered-liquid-disordered phase coexistence, extensive reorganization of the membrane can be observed, such as the budding of membrane tubules or changes in the geometry of the domains, to the point of complete abolition of phase separation. In this case, the resulting membranes display a fluidity intermediate between those of liquid-disordered and liquid-ordered phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores C Carrer
- Biophysics Group, BIOTEC, TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, Dresden, Germany
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