1
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Zana A, Galbiati A. Synthesis and Reactivity of 3‐Halo‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles: An Overview. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aureliano Zana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen (ZH) Switzerland
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
- Philochem AG Libernstrasse 3 8112 Otelfingen (ZH) Switzerland
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2
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Oliva F, Bucci R, Tamborini L, Pieraccini S, Pinto A, Pellegrino S. Bicyclic Pyrrolidine-Isoxazoline γ Amino Acid: A Constrained Scaffold for Stabilizing α-Turn Conformation in Isolated Peptides. Front Chem 2019; 7:133. [PMID: 30937302 PMCID: PMC6431668 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids have tremendously expanded the folding possibilities of peptides and peptide mimics. While α,α-disubstituted and β-amino acids are widely studied, γ-derivatives have been less exploited. Here we report the conformational study on the bicyclic unnatural γ amino acid, 4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pyrrolo[3,4-d]isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid 1. In model peptides, the (+)-(3aR6aS)-enantiomer is able to stabilize α-turn conformation when associated to glycine, as showed by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, and circular dichroism experiments, and molecular modeling studies. α-turn is a structural motif occurring in many biologically active protein sites, although its stabilization on isolated peptides is quite uncommon. Our results make the unnatural γ-amino acid 1 of particular interest for the development of bioactive peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaella Bucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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3
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Pinto A, El Ali Z, Moniot S, Tamborini L, Steegborn C, Foresti R, De Micheli C. Effects of 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazole Derivatives on Nrf2 Activation and Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:858-864. [PMID: 30397576 PMCID: PMC6207109 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic electrophilic compounds have been shown to activate the antioxidant protective Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis in cells and tissues. Here, we tested the ability of different isoxazoline-based electrophiles to up-regulate Nrf2/HO-1. The potency of activation is dependent on the leaving group at the 3-position of the isoxazoline nucleus, and an additional ring on the molecule limits the Nrf2/HO-1 activating properties. Among the synthetized compounds, we identified 3-bromo-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole 1 as the derivative with best activating properties in THP-1 human monocytic cells. We have confirmed that the target of our compounds is the Cys151 of the BTB domain of Keap1 by using mass spectrometry analyses and X-ray crystallography. Our findings demonstrate that these compounds affect the Nrf2/HO-1 axis and highlight a positive activity that can be of relevance from a therapeutic perspective in inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS)University of MilanviaCeloria 220133MilanItaly
| | - Zeina El Ali
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12Créteil94000France
- Université Paris EstFaculté de MédecineCréteil94000France
| | - Sébastien Moniot
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanviaMangiagalli 2520133MilanItaly
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of BayreuthUniversitaetsstr. 3095447BayreuthGermany
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm U955, Equipe 12Créteil94000France
- Université Paris EstFaculté de MédecineCréteil94000France
| | - Carlo De Micheli
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanviaMangiagalli 2520133MilanItaly
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4
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Bucci R, Giofré S, Clerici F, Contini A, Pinto A, Erba E, Soave R, Pellegrino S, Gelmi ML. Tetrahydro-4H-(pyrrolo[3,4-d]isoxazol-3-yl)methanamine: A Bicyclic Diamino Scaffold Stabilizing Parallel Turn Conformations. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11493-11501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bucci
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi Milano Via Venezian 21, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giofré
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi Milano Via Venezian 21, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Clerici
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi Milano Via Venezian 21, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi Milano Via Venezian 21, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- DeFENS, Sezione di Scienze Chimiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi Milano, Via Celoria 2, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Erba
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi Milano Via Venezian 21, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Raffaella Soave
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi Milano Via Venezian 21, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Gelmi
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi Milano Via Venezian 21, Milano 20133, Italy
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5
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Rocha DA, Silva EB, Fortes IS, Lopes MS, Ferreira RS, Andrade SF. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of cruzain and rhodesain inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1426-1459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Ettari R, Previti S, Cosconati S, Kesselring J, Schirmeister T, Grasso S, Zappalà M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel peptidomimetics as rhodesain inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1184-91. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Farmaco E Dei Prodotti per La Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,
| | - Santo Previti
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Farmaco E Dei Prodotti per La Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,
| | | | - Jochen Kesselring
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany, and
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany, and
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Farmaco E Dei Prodotti per La Salute, University of Messina, Messina, Italy,
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7
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Cecioni S, Aouadi K, Guiard J, Parrot S, Strazielle N, Blondel S, Ghersi-Egea JF, Chapelle C, Denoroy L, Praly JP. Novel routes to either racemic or enantiopure α-amino-(4-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives and biological evaluation of a new promising pharmacological scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:237-49. [PMID: 26043161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cycloaddition between (+) or (-)-menthone-derived nitrones and N-benzyl-3-pyrroline afforded enantiopure spiro-fused heterocycles. The reaction occurred enantio- and diastereo-selectively on the less hindered side of the nitrone, the 3-pyrroline N-benzyl group being oriented outwards, thus controlling the configurations of three simultaneously created chiral centers. From either (+) or (-)-menthone, both enantiomeric cycloadducts were synthesized in excellent yield. Removing the chiral auxiliary and the N-benzyl group delivered a series of enantiopure 4-hydroxy-3-glycinyl-pyrrolidine derivatives in 3-5 steps and 36 to 81 overall yields. Using two other achiral nitrones, shorter routes to racemic analogues were developed. Two of the synthesized compounds markedly lowered extracellular glutamate level and modestly interacted with cannabinoid type-1 receptors. As these two neuroactive compounds were devoid of in vitro toxicity and did not cross the blood brain interface, they might represent potential pharmacological agents to target peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kaïss Aouadi
- CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julie Guiard
- CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sandrine Parrot
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, NeuroDialyTics Unit, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Nathalie Strazielle
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Blood Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Sandrine Blondel
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Blood Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Blood Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon F-69000, France
| | | | - Luc Denoroy
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, NeuroDialyTics Unit, Lyon F-69000, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, BioRaN, Lyon F-69000, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Praly
- CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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8
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Gold(I)-catalyzed heterocyclization of β-alkynyl hydroxamic acids: synthesis of isoxazolidin-3-ones. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Bruno S, Pinto A, Paredi G, Tamborini L, De Micheli C, La Pietra V, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Conti P, Mozzarelli A. Discovery of Covalent Inhibitors of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, A Target for the Treatment of Malaria. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7465-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500747h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia and Centro Siteia.Parma, Università di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Paredi
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia and Centro Siteia.Parma, Università di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo De Micheli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria La Pietra
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano,
49, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano,
49, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano,
49, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia and Centro Siteia.Parma, Università di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136 Roma, Italy
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10
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Probing the orthosteric binding site of GABAA receptors with heterocyclic GABA carboxylic acid bioisosteres. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:1005-15. [PMID: 24362592 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ionotropic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) are widely distributed in the central nervous system where they play essential roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. A high degree of structural heterogeneity of the GABAAR has been revealed and extensive effort has been made to develop selective and potent GABAAR agonists. This review investigates the use of heterocyclic carboxylic acid bioisosteres within the GABAAR area. Several heterocycles including 3-hydroxyisoxazole, 3-hydroxyisoxazoline, 3-hydroxyisothiazole, and the 1- and 3-hydroxypyrazole rings have been employed in order to map the orthosteric binding site. The physicochemical properties of the heterocyclic moieties making them suitable for bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic acid in the molecule of GABA are discussed. A variety of synthetic strategies for synthesis of the heterocyclic scaffolds are available. Likewise, methods for introduction of substituents into specific positions of the heterocyclic scaffolds facilitate the investigation of different regions in the orthosteric binding pocket in close vicinity of the core scaffolds of muscimol/GABA. The development of structural models, from pharmacophore models to receptor homology models, has provided more insight into the molecular basis for binding. Similar binding modes are proposed for the heterocyclic GABA analogues covered in this review by use of ligand-receptor docking into the receptor homology model and the presented structure-activity relationships. A network of interactions between the analogues and the binding pocket is leaving no room for substituents and underline the limited space in the GABAAR orthosteric binding site when in the agonist conformation.
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11
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Ettari R, Tamborini L, Angelo IC, Grasso S, Schirmeister T, Lo Presti L, De Micheli C, Pinto A, Conti P. Development of Rhodesain Inhibitors with a 3-Bromoisoxazoline Warhead. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:2070-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Dallanoce C, Canovi M, Matera C, Mennini T, De Amici M, Gobbi M, De Micheli C. A novel spirocyclic tropanyl-Δ²-isoxazoline derivative enhances citalopram and paroxetine binding to serotonin transporters as well as serotonin uptake. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6344-55. [PMID: 23022052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A group of spirocyclic tropanyl-Δ(2)-isoxazolines was synthesized exploiting the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to olefins. Their interaction with the dopamine and serotonin transporters (DAT and SERT, respectively) was evaluated through binding experiments. The majority of the compounds had no inhibitory effects (IC(50) >> 10 μM), while some had an IC(50) value in the range 5-10 μM (8a-c, 10b and 11c on DAT, 12b on SERT). Unexpectedly, one of the tertiary amines under investigation, that is 3'-methoxy-8-methyl-spiro{8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,5'(4'H)-isoxazole 7a, was able to enhance at a concentration of 10 μM both [(3)H]citalopram and [(3)H]paroxetine binding to SERT in rat brain homogenate (up to 25%, due to an increase of B(max)) and [(3)H]serotonin uptake (up to 30%) in cortical synaptosomes. This peculiar pharmacological profile of 7a suggests it binds to an allosteric site on SERT, and positions derivative 7a as a very useful tool to investigate SERT machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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13
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Cheng G, Wang X, Zhu R, Shao C, Xu J, Hu Y. Total synthesis of (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2694-700. [PMID: 21391709 DOI: 10.1021/jo200069m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Total synthesis of tropane alkaloids (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine were accomplished in nine steps each and in 55% and 46% overall yields, respectively, starting from the known Betti base derivative (+)-(7aR,10R,12S)-10-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-7a,8,9,10-tetrahydro-12-phenyl-12H-naphtho[1,2-e]pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine. In this novel route, RCM reaction and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition were employed as key steps for the enantioselective construction of tropane skeleton and the regioselective introduction of 3-bromo-2-isoxazoline ring as masked cis-2,3-disubstituents. To obtain the desired precursor (2S,5R)-2-allyl-5-vinylpyrrolidine for RCM reaction, we developed a general and practical method for the preparation of enantiopure cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines bearing alkene- and/or alkyne-containing substituents. We also offered two highly efficient pathways for the conversion of the 3-bromo-2-isoxazoline ring into the desired cis-2,3-disubstituted groups in (-)-cocaine and (-)-ferruginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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14
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Castellano S, Tamborini L, Viviano M, Pinto A, Sbardella G, Conti P. Synthesis of 3-Aryl/benzyl-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pyrrolo[3,4-d]isoxazole Derivatives: A Comparison between Conventional, Microwave-Assisted and Flow-Based Methodologies. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7439-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1014323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Castellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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15
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Cremonesi G, Dalla Croce P, Fontana F, La Rosa C. Enantiomerically pure polyheterocyclic spiro-beta-lactams from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2010-7. [PMID: 20187611 DOI: 10.1021/jo100061s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The "Staudinger ketene-imine reaction" between ketenes generated from natural O,N-protected trans-4-hydroxy-l-prolines and the N-benzyl-N-benzylideneamine led to mixtures of diastereoisomeric, enantiomerically pure pyrrolidine-derived spiro-beta-lactams with a relative cis configuration. These were transformed into the corresponding pyrroline-spiro-beta-lactams by means of treatment with a base and the new C=C double bond was submitted to a number of different reactions in order to evaluate its reactivity and obtain new polyheterocyclic enantiomerically pure spiro-beta-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cremonesi
- DISMAB-Sezione di Chimica Organica A. Marchesini, Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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