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Sudarshan K, Yarlagadda S, Sengupta S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Diarylheptanoids. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400380. [PMID: 38744677 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for synthesizing biologically important natural products, medicinal chemists embark on an endless journey. This review focuses on the reports published towards the syntheses of diarylheptanoids, classifying them into linear, tetrahydropyran, diarylether, and biphenyl categories. The synthesis methods for each class from 2013 to 2023 are discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the field. Representative natural product examples are highlighted for each category. The review emphasizes the importance of diarylheptanoids in the realms of chemistry and medicine, showcasing their potential as valuable compounds for medicinal and synthetic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasireddy Sudarshan
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
| | - Suresh Yarlagadda
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
| | - Sagnik Sengupta
- Kasireddy Sudarshan, Suresh Yarlagadda, Sagnik Sengupta, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
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2
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de Lima Neto J, Menezes PH. Combretastatins D series and analogues: from isolation, synthetic challenges and biological activities. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:399-427. [PMID: 37025497 PMCID: PMC10071520 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The combretastatin D series and its analogues, corniculatolides and isocorniculatolides belong to a class of macrocycles called cyclic diaryl ether heptanoids (DAEH). This review is intended to highlight the structure elucidation, biosynthesis, and biological activity of these compounds as well as the use of different strategies for their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge de Lima Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Recife-PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Recife-PE, 50740-560, Brazil
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de Oliveira DM, de Oliveira DBC, Nunes YRF, de Almeida Alves TM, Kohlhoff M, Andrade AA, Cota BB. Natural Occurring Phenolic Derivatives from Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) Stems and Their Potential Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100788. [PMID: 35146890 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus filius (buriti or aguage; Arecaceae) is a palm used by traditional medicine in Brazil to treat dysentery and diarrhea. Our group showed that the soluble dichloromethane (CH2 Cl2 ) fraction from EtOH extract from M. flexuosa stems inhibited the growth of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and it is rich in phenolic compounds. This study aimed to isolate new phenolic compounds from CH2 Cl2 fraction from M. flexuosa stems with in vitro antibacterial activity. The crude CH2 Cl2 fraction was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) followed by semi-preparative RP-HPLC. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against MSSA (ATCC 29213) and MRSA (clinical isolate 155). All compounds were also tested against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli; ATCC 35218) bacteria and two fungi species (Candida albicans; ATCC 14053 and Trichophyton rubrum; ATCC MYA 4438). The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by analysis and comparison with literature data of their NMR and HRMS spectra and optical activity. The chemical investigation yielded seven aromatic compounds, of which four, (2S,15S)-2,15-dimethyl-2,15-dioxa-1,8(1,4)-dibenzenacyclotetradecaphane (1), (2S,5S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexane-2,5-diol (3), bruguierol E (4), and buritin (5) were previously unreported and three are known compounds identified as 6-(4'-hydroxyphenyl) hexan-2-one (2), (+)-(2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol (6), and (+)-(2R)-naringenin (7). Compounds 1 and 7 showed antibacterial activity against MRSA and MSSA with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of between 62.5 and 31.3 μg/mL, respectively. Our preliminary findings support that CH2 Cl2 fraction from buriti, a typical species of flooded areas of Brazilian savanna, and its aromatic phenolic compounds are active against MSSA and MRSA contributing with understanding about the traditional use of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djalma Menezes de Oliveira
- Department of Science and Technology, State University of Bahia Southwest, José Moreira Sobrinho Avenue, 45206-191, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Batista Carneiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Pça Manoel Terra, 330, Abadia, 38025-015, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes
- Ecology Laboratory and Plant Propagation, Department of General Biology, Estadual University of Montes Claros, University Campus Prof. Darcy Ribeiro, 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tânia Maria de Almeida Alves
- Laboratory of Chemistry Bioactive Natural Products, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Augusto de Lima Avenue, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratory of Chemistry Bioactive Natural Products, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Augusto de Lima Avenue, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Assunção Andrade
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Pça Manoel Terra, 330, Abadia, 38025-015, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Betania Barros Cota
- Laboratory of Chemistry Bioactive Natural Products, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Augusto de Lima Avenue, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lu Y, Yin W, Alam MS, Kadi AA, Jahng Y, Kwon Y, Rahman AFMM. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of Cyclic Diarylheptanoids as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:464-475. [PMID: 31763968 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191125130237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality globally. To cope with cancer, it is necessary to develop anticancer drugs. Bioactive natural products, i.e. diarylheptanoids, have gained significant attention of researchers owing to their intriguing structures and potent biological activities. In this article, considering the development of anticancer drugs with enhanced selectivity towards cancerous cells, a series of Cyclic Diarylheptanoids (CDHs) are designed, synthesized and evaluated their biological activity. OBJECTIVE To establish an easy route for the synthesis of diarylheptanoids, and evaluate their antiproliferative, and topoisomerase-I & -IIα inhibitory activities, for developing potential anticancer drugs among CDHs. METHODS Diarylheptanoids were synthesized from reported linear diarylheptanoids using the classical Ullmann reaction. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by the filter paper disc diffusion method. Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity with a Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8). Topoisomerases I and II (topo-I and -IIα) inhibitory activity was measured by the assessment of relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA. IFD protocol of Schrodinger Maestro v11.1 was used to characterize the binding pattern of studied compounds with the ATPase domain of the human topo-IIα. RESULTS The synthesized CDHs were evaluated for their biological activities (antibacterial, antiproliferative, and topoisomerase-I & -IIα inhibitory activities, respectively). Leading to obtain a series of anticancer agents with the least inhibitory activities against different microbes, improving their selectivity for cancer cells. In brief, most of the synthesized CDHs had excellent antiproliferative activity against T47D (human breast cancer cell line). Pterocarine possessed the strongest activity (2i; IC50 = 0.63µM) against T47D. The cyclic diarylheptanoid 2b induced 30% inhibition of topoisomerase-IIα activity at 100μM compared with the reference of etoposide, which induced 72% inhibition. Among the tested compounds, galeon (2h) displayed very low activity against four bacterial strains. Compounds 2b, 2h, and 2i formed hydrogen bonds with Thr215, Asn91, Asn120, Ala167, Lys168 and Ile141 residues, which are important for binding of ligand compound to the ATPase binding site of topoisomerase IIα by acting as ATP competitive molecule validated by docking study. In silico Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) analysis revealed the predicted ADME parameters of the studied compounds which showed recommended values. CONCLUSION A series of CDHs were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial, antiproliferative, and topo-I & -IIα inhibitory activities. SARs study, molecular docking study and in silico ADME analysis were conducted. Five compounds exhibited excellent and selective antiproliferative activity against the human breast cancer cell line (T47D). Among them, a compound 2h showed topo-IIα activity by 30% at 100µM, which represented a moderate intensity of inhibition compared with etoposide. Three of them formed hydrogen bonds with Thr215, Asn91, Asn120, and Ala167 residues, which are considered as crucial residues for binding to the ATPase domain of topoisomerase IIα. According to in silico drug-likeness property analysis, three compounds are expected to show superiority over etoposide in case of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Wencui Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yurngdong Jahng
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Rahman AFMM, Yin W, Kadi AA, Jahng Y. Galeon: A Biologically Active Molecule with In Silico Metabolite Prediction, In Vitro Metabolic Profiling in Rat Liver Microsomes, and In Silico Binding Mechanisms with CYP450 Isoforms. Molecules 2020; 25:E5903. [PMID: 33322201 PMCID: PMC7763192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Galeon, a natural cyclic-diarylheptanoid (CDH), which was first isolated from Myrica gale L., is known to have potent cytotoxicity against A549 cell lines, anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, chemo-preventive potential, and moderate topoisomerase inhibitory activity. Here, in silico metabolism and toxicity prediction of galeon by CYP450, in vitro metabolic profiling study in rat liver microsomes (RLMs), and molecular interactions of galeon-CYP450 isoforms were performed. An in silico metabolic prediction study showed demethyl and mono-hydroxy galeon were the metabolites with the highest predictability. Among the predicted metabolites, mono-hydroxy galeon was found to have plausible toxicities such as skin sensitization, thyroid toxicity, chromosome damage, and carcinogenicity. An in vitro metabolism study of galeon, incubated in RLMs, revealed eighteen Phase-I metabolites, nine methoxylamine, and three glutathione conjugates. Identification of possible metabolites and confirmation of their structures were carried out using ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. In silico docking analysis of galeon demonstrated significant interactions with active site residues of almost all CYP450 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. M. Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (W.Y.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Wencui Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (W.Y.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (W.Y.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Yurngdong Jahng
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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Recent Advancement of Ullmann Condensation Coupling Reaction in the Formation of Aryl-Oxygen (C-O) Bonding by Copper-Mediated Catalyst. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed chemical transformation of organic electrophiles and organometallic reagents belong to the most important cross coupling reaction in organic synthesis. The biaryl ether division is not only popular in natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals but also widely found in many pesticides, polymers, and ligands. Copper catalyst has received great attention owing to the low toxicity and low cost. However, traditional Ullmann-type couplings suffer from limited substrate scopes and harsh reaction conditions. The introduction of homogeneous copper catalyst with presence of bidentate ligands over the past two decades has totally changed this situation as these ligands enable the reaction promoted in mild condition. The reaction scope has also been greatly expanded, rendering this copper-based cross-coupling attractive for both academia and industry. In this review, we will highlight the latest progress in the development of useful homogeneous copper catalyst with presence of ligand and heterogeneous copper catalyst in Ullmann type C-O cross-coupling reaction. Additionally, the application of Ullmann type C-O cross coupling reaction will be discussed.
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7
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Salih MQ, Zakharov LN, Beaudry CM. Total synthesis and conformational study of ovalifoliolatin B. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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9
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Park S, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Shin D. Total synthesis of giffonin H by fluoride-catalyzed macrocyclization. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
First total synthesis of giffonin H, a highly strained 15-membered macrocyclic diaryl ether, has been achieved. Key steps include Ullmann cross coupling, (Z)-selective Julia–Kocienski olefination, and fluoride-mediated macrocyclization of TMS-alkyne and aldehyde. The strategy used for macrocyclization is an unprecedented and unique synthetic approach for cyclic diarylheptanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- CHA University
- Pocheon-si
- South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy
- Yonsei University
- Incheon 21983
- South Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- South Korea
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10
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Motiur Rahman AFM, Lu Y, Lee HJ, Jo H, Yin W, Alam MS, Cha H, Kadi AA, Kwon Y, Jahng Y. Linear diarylheptanoids as potential anticancer therapeutics: synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure–activity relationship studies. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Maurent K, Vanucci-Bacqué C, Saffon-Merceron N, Baltas M, Bedos-Belval F. Total Synthesis of Tedarene A. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1623-1630. [PMID: 28463511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tedarene A is a macrocyclic diaryl ether heptanoid isolated from the marine sponge Tedania ignis showing an inhibitory effect against nitric oxide production. The first total synthesis of tedarene A was achieved starting from the commercially available 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol in nine steps and 15.3% overall yield. The synthetic sequence featured an E,Z-dienic bond introduction and a macrocyclization under Ullman conditions. During the synthesis, the E,E-isomer of tedarene A was also obtained and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Maurent
- UMR CNRS 5068, LSPCMIB, Université Paul Sabatier , 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062 Cedex 9, France
| | - Corinne Vanucci-Bacqué
- UMR CNRS 5068, LSPCMIB, Université Paul Sabatier , 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062 Cedex 9, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, ICT FR 2599, Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse III, Toulouse 31062 Cedex 9, France
| | - Michel Baltas
- UMR CNRS 5068, LSPCMIB, Université Paul Sabatier , 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062 Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Bedos-Belval
- UMR CNRS 5068, LSPCMIB, Université Paul Sabatier , 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse, 31062 Cedex 9, France
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12
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Salih MQ, Beaudry CM. Bio-inspired oxidative phenolic coupling: Total synthesis of the diarylether heptanoid (±)-pterocarine. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Ding Q, Wang Q, He H, Cai Q. Asymmetric Synthesis of (−)-Pterocarine and (−)-Galeon via Chiral Phase Transfer-Catalyzed Atropselective Formation of Diarylether Cyclophane Skeleton. Org Lett 2017; 19:1804-1807. [PMID: 28345937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- College
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- College
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- College
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Huan He
- College
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- College
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Qian Cai
- College
of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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14
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Evano G, Wang J, Nitelet A. Metal-mediated C–O bond forming reactions in natural product synthesis. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00671c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal catalyzed reactions for the formation of C(sp2)–O bonds have had a dramatic impact in natural product synthesis. They have enabled the emergence of new bond disconnections, which notably resulted in remarkably efficient and short synthetic pathways. The use of these reactions for the formation of C–O bonds in natural product synthesis is overviewed in this critical review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Antoine Nitelet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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Sambiagio C, Marsden SP, Blacker AJ, McGowan PC. Copper catalysed Ullmann type chemistry: from mechanistic aspects to modern development. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3525-50. [PMID: 24585151 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cu-catalysed arylation reactions devoted to the formation of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds (Ullmann-type couplings) have acquired great importance in the last decade. This review discusses the history and development of coupling reactions between aryl halides and various classes of nucleophiles, focusing mostly on the different mechanisms proposed through the years. Selected mechanistic investigations are treated more in depth than others. For example, evidence in favour or against radical mechanisms is discussed. Cu(I) and Cu(III) complexes involved in the Ullmann reaction and N/O selectivity in aminoalcohol arylation are discussed. A separate section has been dedicated to the synthesis of heterocyclic rings through intramolecular couplings. Finally, recent developments in green chemistry for these reactions, such as reactions in aqueous media and heterogeneous catalysis, have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sambiagio
- iPRD, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2-9JT, UK.
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16
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Salih MQ, Beaudry CM. Enantioselective Ullmann Ether Couplings: Syntheses of (−)-Myricatomentogenin, (−)-Jugcathanin, (+)-Galeon, and (+)-Pterocarine. Org Lett 2013; 15:4540-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Quamar Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Christopher M. Beaudry
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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17
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18
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Zhu ZQ, Beaudry CM. Structural revision of garuganin IV and 1,9'-didesmethylgaruganin III through total synthesis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3336-41. [PMID: 23480215 DOI: 10.1021/jo302723n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical structures of garuganin IV and 1,9'-didesmethylgaruganin III were misassigned. The structures were revised on the basis of analysis of the NMR data, and the revisions were verified through total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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19
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Zhu ZQ, Salih MQ, Fynn E, Bain AD, Beaudry CM. The garuganin and garugamblin diarylether heptanoids: total synthesis and determination of chiral properties using dynamic NMR. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2881-96. [PMID: 23461387 DOI: 10.1021/jo400157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the garuganin and garugamblin diarylether heptanoids using an intramolecular Ullmann coupling is reported. Alkene stereoisomers, vinylogous ester regioisomers, and β-diketone congeners are also synthesized. The chiral properties and free energies of activation for racemization of the garuganin and garugamblin diarylether heptanoids and congeners are determined using dynamic NMR methods. A combination of techniques including coalescence measurements, line shape analysis, and selective inversion experiments are used to measure racemization barriers. None of the garuganin or garugamblin diarylether heptanoids are chiral, despite their reported specific rotation values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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20
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Raut GN, Chakraborty K, Verma P, Gokhale RS, Srinivasa Reddy D. Synthesis of isomeric corniculatolides. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Salih MQ, Beaudry CM. Chirality in diarylether heptanoids: synthesis of myricatomentogenin, jugcathanin, and congeners. Org Lett 2012; 14:4026-9. [PMID: 22804345 DOI: 10.1021/ol301893t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of myricatomentogenin, jugcathanin, galeon, pterocarine, and acerogenin L are reported. Synthetic material was used to measure their optical activities and free energy of activation for racemization. The natural enantiomers of myricatomentogenin, jugcathanin, galeon, and pterocarine were determined to have the same pR absolute stereochemistry. Acerogenins L and C are achiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Quamar Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Gulder T, Baran PS. Strained cyclophane natural products: Macrocyclization at its limits. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:899-934. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bryant VC, Kishore Kumar GD, Nyong AM, Natarajan A. Synthesis and evaluation of macrocyclic diarylether heptanoid natural products and their analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:245-8. [PMID: 22137846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The macrocyclic diarylether heptanoid (MDEH) natural products have been used in folk medicine for centuries. MDEHs are reported to exert anti-tumor properties by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. Here we report the synthesis of a small MDEH library (first reported synthesis of racemic platycarynol) using a Grubbs cross metathesis/Ullmann cyclization strategy. Evaluation of the library led to the identification of MDEH 9b which sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashti C Bryant
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Abstract
The total synthesis of the macrocyclic natural product engelhardione is reported. This effort led to the structural revision of the published structure of engelhardione to that of pterocarine. The revision reflects the change of the substitution pattern of one phenyl ether ring from the meta to the para position. To confirm, pterocarine (2) and its close regioisomer 3 were subsequently synthesized for comparison. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, our synthesis of 1 represents the first example of a 14-membered macrocyclic diarylheptanoid with a meta-meta substitution pattern at the diphenyl ether moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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25
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Pitsinos EN, Vidali VP, Couladouros EA. Diaryl Ether Formation in the Synthesis of Natural Products. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N. Pitsinos
- Natural Products Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “ DEMOKRITOS”, P. O. Box 60228, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Veroniki P. Vidali
- Natural Products Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “ DEMOKRITOS”, P. O. Box 60228, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Elias A. Couladouros
- Natural Products Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “ DEMOKRITOS”, P. O. Box 60228, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
- Chemistry Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece, Fax: +30‐210‐677‐7849
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Na Y, Cha JH, Yoon HG, Kwon Y. A concise synthesis of licochalcone E and its regio-isomer, licochalcone F. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:607-9. [PMID: 19483343 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Licochalone E is one of the retrochalcones isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata which shows potent cytotoxicty against human tumor cell lines. Biological studies suggested that topoisomerase I inhibition correlates with cytotoxic properties. Other research revealed that licochalcone E modulats the nuclear factor (NF)-kB and Bcl-2 families to induce endothelial cell apoptosis. Since licochalcone E has been isolated recently, synthetic information on this compound has not been reported yet. Therefore we report the concise synthesis of licochalcone E and its regio-isomer, tentatively called licochalcone F, by employing Claisen rearrangement for key intermediate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwa Na
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Korea.
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27
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Evano G, Blanchard N, Toumi M. Copper-mediated coupling reactions and their applications in natural products and designed biomolecules synthesis. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3054-131. [PMID: 18698737 DOI: 10.1021/cr8002505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1700] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France.
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Nishiyama S, Uno K, Tanabe T, Ogamino T, Okada R, Imoto M. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Combretastatin D-4. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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