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Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by composition, connectivity, and configuration far exceeds what nature achieves with nucleic acids and proteins. Consequently, glycoside synthesis ranks among the most complex tasks in organic synthesis, despite involving only a simple type of bond-forming reaction. Here, we introduce the fundamental principles of glycoside bond formation and summarize recent advances in glycoside bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Crawford
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Shit P, Sahaji S, Misra AK. Convergent synthesis of the hexasaccharide repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella serotype K-34. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Santana AG, Herrera AJ, González CC. Intramolecular Metal-Free C(sp 3)-H Activation Enables a Selective Mono O-Debenzylation of Fully Protected Aminosugars. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16736-16752. [PMID: 34807601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbamate-bearing benzylated aminosugars undergo an I2/I(III)-promoted intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (IHAT) followed by a nucleophilic attack to provide polycyclic structures. Thus, suitably positioned benzyl ethers are surgically oxidized into the corresponding mixed N/O-benzylidene acetals, which can be conveniently deprotected under mild acidic conditions to grant access to selectively O-deprotected aminosugars amenable for further derivatization. The scope of this strategy has been proven with a series of furanosic and pyranosic scaffolds. Preliminary mechanistic studies, including Hammett LFER and KIE analyses, support a reaction pathway with nucleophilic cyclization as the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés G Santana
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio J Herrera
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Concepción C González
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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4
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Mukherjee MM, Basu N, Nandi S, Ghosh R. A metal free mild and green approach for tandem opening of 4,6-O-benzylidene acetals to their corresponding 6-O-acetyl derivatives: Application in the synthesis of a trisaccharide using one-pot glycosylation reactions. Carbohydr Res 2019; 476:36-43. [PMID: 30889504 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and high yielding reaction for tandem opening of 4,6-O-benzylidene derivatives (gluco, galacto, manno, 2-phthalimido-2-deoxy glucosides) to their corresponding 6-O-acetyl derivatives has been established under metal free condition using 60% solution of aqueous acetic acid (v/v). The reaction is equally pertinent for large scale synthesis and also for disaccharide glycosides. Its application for the construction of a building block towards synthesis of a trisaccharide part related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizing one-pot glycosylation reactions has also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nabamita Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Nabagram Hiralal Paul College, Konnagar, Hoogly, West Bengal, 712246, India
| | - Shantanu Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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5
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van der Vorm S, Hansen T, van Hengst JMA, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Acceptor reactivity in glycosylation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4688-4706. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00369f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the reactivity of the glycosyl acceptor on the outcome of glycosylation reactions is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2333 CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2333 CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
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6
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van der Vorm S, van Hengst JMA, Bakker M, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Mapping the Relationship between Glycosyl Acceptor Reactivity and Glycosylation Stereoselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan van der Vorm
- Bioorganic Synthesis DepartmentLeiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jacob M. A. van Hengst
- Bioorganic Synthesis DepartmentLeiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Bakker
- Bioorganic Synthesis DepartmentLeiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Bioorganic Synthesis DepartmentLeiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- Bioorganic Synthesis DepartmentLeiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Bioorganic Synthesis DepartmentLeiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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7
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van der Vorm S, van Hengst JMA, Bakker M, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Mapping the Relationship between Glycosyl Acceptor Reactivity and Glycosylation Stereoselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8240-8244. [PMID: 29603532 PMCID: PMC6032835 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of both coupling partners-the glycosyl donor and acceptor-is decisive for the outcome of a glycosylation reaction, in terms of both yield and stereoselectivity. Where the reactivity of glycosyl donors is well understood and can be controlled through manipulation of the functional/protecting-group pattern, the reactivity of glycosyl acceptor alcohols is poorly understood. We here present an operationally simple system to gauge glycosyl acceptor reactivity, which employs two conformationally locked donors with stereoselectivity that critically depends on the reactivity of the nucleophile. A wide array of acceptors was screened and their structure-reactivity/stereoselectivity relationships established. By systematically varying the protecting groups, the reactivity of glycosyl acceptors can be adjusted to attain stereoselective cis-glucosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan van der Vorm
- Bioorganic Synthesis Department, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob M A van Hengst
- Bioorganic Synthesis Department, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Bakker
- Bioorganic Synthesis Department, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Bioorganic Synthesis Department, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Bioorganic Synthesis Department, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Bioorganic Synthesis Department, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Komarova BS, Dorokhova VS, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Synthesis of a biotinylated penta-α-(1→6)-d-glucoside based on the rational design of an α-stereoselective glucosyl donor. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of a protecting group pattern in a glucosyl donor allows for the α-selective synthesis of biotinylated pentasaccharides corresponding to the fragment of the α-(1→6)-glucans of Helicobacter pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S. Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Vera S. Dorokhova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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9
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Bandara MD, Yasomanee JP, Rath NP, Pedersen CM, Bols M, Demchenko AV. Conformationally superarmed S-ethyl glycosyl donors as effective building blocks for chemoselective oligosaccharide synthesis in one pot. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:559-563. [PMID: 27942674 PMCID: PMC5496005 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new series of superarmed glycosyl donors has been investigated. It was demonstrated that the S-ethyl leaving group allows for high reactivity, which is much higher than that of equally equipped S-phenyl glycosyl donors that were previously investigated by our groups. The superarmed S-ethyl glycosyl donors equipped with a 2-O-benzoyl group gave complete β-stereoselectivity. Utility of the new glycosyl donors has been demonstrated in a one-pot one-addition oligosaccharide synthesis with all of the reaction components present from the beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila D Bandara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Jagodige P Yasomanee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | | | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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10
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Niedbal DA, Madsen R. Halide-mediated regioselective 6-O-glycosylation of unprotected hexopyranosides with perbenzylated glycosyl bromide donors. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Emmadi M, Kulkarni SS. Total synthesis of the bacillosamine containing α-l-serine linked trisaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis. Carbohydr Res 2014; 399:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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13
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Gola G, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Synthesis of α-d-Glcp-(1→3)-α-d-Galf-(1→2)-α-l-Rhap constituent of the CPS of Streptococcus pneumoniae 22F. Effect of 3-O-substitution in 1,2-cis α-d-galactofuranosylation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45658g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Fenger TH, Madsen R. Regioselective Glycosylation of Unprotected Phenyl 1-Thioglycopyranosides with Phenylboronic Acid as a Transient Masking Group. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Zakharova AN, Madsen R, Clausen MH. Synthesis of a Backbone Hexasaccharide Fragment of the Pectic Polysaccharide Rhamnogalacturonan I. Org Lett 2013; 15:1826-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400430p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N. Zakharova
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert Madsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics and Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Maggi A, Madsen R. Stannylene-Mediated Regioselective 6-O-Glycosylation of Unprotected Phenyl 1-Thioglycopyranosides. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Liu CYI, Mulani S, Mong KKT. Iterative One-Pot α-Glycosylation Strategy: Application to Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Enugala R, Carvalho LCR, Dias Pires MJ, Marques MMB. Stereoselective Glycosylation of Glucosamine: The Role of the
N
‐Protecting Group. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2482-501. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Enugala
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - Luísa C. R. Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - Marina J. Dias Pires
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
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Basu N, Kumar Maity S, Ghosh R. Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA)–TMSOTf: an efficient activator system for glycosylation reactions based on thioglycosides. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21851h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Galan MC, Tran AT, Boisson J, Benito D, Butts C, Eastoe J, Brown P. [R4N] [AOT]: A Surfactant Ionic Liquid as a Mild Glycosylation Promoter. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.609626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Galan
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - Anh Tuan Tran
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - Julien Boisson
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - David Benito
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - Craig Butts
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - Julian Eastoe
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - Paul Brown
- a School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
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Kayastha AK, Hotha S. Gold-catalyzed glycosidations: unusual cleavage of the interglycosidic bond while studying the armed/disarmed effect of propargyl glycosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Galan MC, Tran AT, Whitaker S. [bmim][OTf] as co-solvent/promoter in room temperature reactivity-based one-pot glycosylation reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2106-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b926177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mydock LK, Demchenko AV. Mechanism of chemical O-glycosylation: from early studies to recent discoveries. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:497-510. [DOI: 10.1039/b916088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Smoot JT, Demchenko AV. Oligosaccharide synthesis: from conventional methods to modern expeditious strategies. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2009; 62:161-250. [PMID: 19501706 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(09)00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T Smoot
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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25
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Computational studies of the role of glycopyranosyl oxacarbenium ions in glycobiology and glycochemistry. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2009; 62:83-159. [PMID: 19501705 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(09)00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Son SH, Tano C, Furuike T, Sakairi N. Pre-activation of fully acetylated dodecyl thioglycosides with BSP–Tf2O led to efficient glycosylation at low temperature. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:285-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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