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Aicher D, Damunupola D, Stark CBW, Wiehe A, Brückner C. meso-Tetrahexyl-7,8-dihydroxychlorin and Its Conversion to ß-Modified Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:2144. [PMID: 38731635 PMCID: PMC11085094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
meso-Tetrahexylporphyrin was converted to its corresponding 7,8-dihydroxychlorin using an osmium tetroxide-mediated dihydroxylation strategy. Its diol moiety was shown to be able to undergo a number of subsequent oxidation reactions to form a chlorin dione and porpholactone, the first meso-alkylporphyrin-based porphyrinoid containing a non-pyrrolic building block. Further, the diol chlorin was shown to be susceptible to dehydration, forming the porphyrin enol that is in equilibrium with its keto-chlorin form. The meso-hexylchlorin dione could be reduced and it underwent mono- and bis-methylation reactions using methyl-Grignard reagents, and trifluoromethylation using the Ruppert-Prakash reagent. The optical and spectroscopic properties of the products are discussed and contrasted to their corresponding meso-aryl derivatives (where known). This contribution establishes meso-tetrahexyl-7,8-dihydroxychlorins as a new and versatile class of chlorins that is susceptible to a broad range of conversions to generate functionalized chlorins and a pyrrole-modified chlorin analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aicher
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dinusha Damunupola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Christian B. W. Stark
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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Ko MS, Roh TH, Desale PP, Choi SW, Cho DG. Effects of Electron-Withdrawing and Electron-Donating Groups on Aromaticity in Cyclic Conjugated Polyenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6266-6273. [PMID: 38394690 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Determining the aromaticity of various fluorinated benzenes is challenging as easily obtained experimental aromaticity [Δδ(Houter - Hinner)] necessitates the chemical shifts of inner and outer protons. This issue was addressed in porphyrinoids by replacing the electron-withdrawing (E.W.) groups at the meso-positions of porphyrins and allyliporphyrins. Electronic effects on aromaticity in porphyrinoids have not been thoroughly examined in the literature. In porphyrins, the effect of E.W. groups is minimal, making it difficult to establish a clear relationship between the aromaticity strength and E.W. groups. Conversely, in allyliporphyrins, stronger E.W. groups, such as indandione (IND) derivatives, significantly reduce the aromaticity of the parent structure. The IND derivatives disrupted the aromatic pathway of allyliporphyrin more effectively than those attached to porphyrins. This is attributed to the absence of β-carbons in allyliporphyrins. The effect of electron-donating (E.D.) groups on porphyrins and allyliporphyrins was further investigated. Contrary to the initial assumption that the E.D. groups might enhance aromaticity owing to their ability to increase electron density, as the strength of the E.D. groups increased, the aromaticity of the porphyrinoids decreased. Despite the modest reduction in aromaticity, any form of electron perturbation reduces aromaticity. The aromaticity of various fluorinated benzenes is expected to parallel our observations of porphyrinoids as representative aromatic polyenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sung Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Roh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep P Desale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Tyurin VS, Shkirdova AO, Koifman OI, Zamilatskov IA. Meso-Formyl, Vinyl, and Ethynyl Porphyrins-Multipotent Synthons for Obtaining a Diverse Array of Functional Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:5782. [PMID: 37570752 PMCID: PMC10421532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a strategy for obtaining various functional derivatives of tetrapyrrole compounds based on transformations of unsaturated carbon-oxygen and carbon-carbon bonds of the substituents at the meso position (meso-formyl, vinyl, and ethynyl porphyrins). First, synthetic approaches to the preparation of these precursors are described. Then diverse pathways for the transformations of the multipotent synthons are discussed, revealing a variety of products of such reactions. The structures, electronic, and optical properties of the compounds obtained by the methods under consideration are analyzed. In addition, there is an overview of the applications of the products obtained. Biomedical use of the compounds is among the most important. Finally, the advantages of using the reviewed synthetic strategy to obtain dyes with targeted properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Tyurin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena O. Shkirdova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oscar I. Koifman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia;
| | - Ilya A. Zamilatskov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Sample HC, Senge MO. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (S NAr) and Related Reactions of Porphyrinoids: Mechanistic and Regiochemical Aspects. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:7-42. [PMID: 33519299 PMCID: PMC7821298 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic substitution of aromatic moieties (SNAr) has been known for over 150 years and found wide use for the functionalization of (hetero)aromatic systems. Currently, several "types" of SNAr reactions have been established and notably the area of porphyrinoid macrocycles has seen many uses thereof. Herein, we detail the SNAr reactions of seven types of porphyrinoids with differing number and type of pyrrole units: subporphyrins, norcorroles, corroles, porphyrins, azuliporphyrins, N-confused porphyrins, and phthalocyanines. For each we analyze the substitution dependent upon: a) the type of nucleophile and b) the site of substitution (α, β, or meso). Along with this we evaluate this route as a synthetic strategy for the generation of unsymmetrical porphyrinoids. Distinct trends can be identified for each type of porphyrinoid discussed, regardless of nucleophile. The use of nucleophilic substitution on porphyrinoids is found to often be a cost-effective procedure with the ability to yield complex substituent patterns, which can be conducted in non-anhydrous solvents with easily accessible simple porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C. Sample
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152‐160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM‐IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748GarchingGermany
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O’Brien JM, Sitte E, Flanagan KJ, Kühner H, Hallen LJ, Gibbons D, Senge MO. Functionalization of Deutero- and Protoporphyrin IX Dimethyl Esters via Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6158-6173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. O’Brien
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Sitte
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hannes Kühner
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lukas J. Hallen
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dáire Gibbons
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Mitchell R, Wagner K, Barnsley JE, van der Salm H, Gordon KC, Officer DL, Wagner P. Synthesis and Light‐Harvesting Potential of Cyanovinyl β‐Substituted Porphyrins and Dyads. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Mitchell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Faculty University of Wollongong Northfields Avenue NSW 2522 Wollongong Australia
| | - Klaudia Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Faculty University of Wollongong Northfields Avenue NSW 2522 Wollongong Australia
| | | | | | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - David L. Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Faculty University of Wollongong Northfields Avenue NSW 2522 Wollongong Australia
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Faculty University of Wollongong Northfields Avenue NSW 2522 Wollongong Australia
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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8
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Harper SR, Pfrunder MC, Esdaile LJ, Jensen P, McMurtrie JC, Arnold DP. Synthetic, Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies of Bis(porphyrinzinc) Complexes Linked by Two-Atom Conjugating Bridges. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Birin KP, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY. New approach for post-functionalization of meso-formylporphyrins. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach for the transformation of formyl groups into areneimidazoles at a porphyrin substrate is developed, allowing straightforward design of new polytopic porphyrinoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill P. Birin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS
- Moscow, 119071
- Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS
- Moscow, 119071
- Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS
- Moscow
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS
- Moscow, 119071
- Russia
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS
- Moscow
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10
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Fletcher SJ, Harper SR, Arnold DP. The exhaustive reduction of formylporphyrins to methylporphyrins using dimethylformamide/water as reductant under microwave irradiation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613501022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of meso-formyl derivatives of 5,15-diaryl- and 5,10,15-triphenylporphyrin (and their nickel(II) complexes) to the corresponding meso-methyl porphyrins is achieved in high yield by microwave heating of the substrate in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of acids such as trifluoroacetic acid, or even just with added water. The reactions are complete in less than 30 min at 250 °C. The reaction is strongly suppressed in very dry DMF in the absence of added acid. The meso-hydroxymethyl porphyrins are also reduced to the methyl derivatives, suggesting the primary alcohols may be intermediates in the exhaustive reduction. UV-visible spectra taken at intervals during reaction at 240 °C indicated that at least one other intermediate is present, but it was not identified. In d7-DMF, the methylporphyrin isolated was mainly Por-CD2H, showing that both of the added hydrogens arise from the solvent, and not from the added water or acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Fletcher
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Shannon R. Harper
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Dennis P. Arnold
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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11
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Murakami K, Yamamoto Y, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Demetalation of Metal Porphyrins via Magnesium Porphyrins by Reaction with Grignard Reagents. Chemistry 2013; 19:9123-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Takanami T. Functionalization of Porphyrins through C-C Bond Formation Reactions with Functional Group-Bearing Organometallic Reagents. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-13-775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Tokuji S, Awane H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Direct Arylation ofmeso-Formyl Porphyrin. Chemistry 2012; 19:64-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Sugita N, Hayashi S, Hino F, Takanami T. Palladium-catalyzed Kumada Coupling Reaction of Bromoporphyrins with Silylmethyl Grignard Reagents: Preparation of Silylmethyl-substituted Porphyrins as a Multipurpose Synthon for Fabrication of Porphyrin Systems. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10488-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sugita
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588,
Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayashi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588,
Japan
| | - Fumio Hino
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588,
Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Takanami
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588,
Japan
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Senge MO, Ryppa C, Fazekas M, Zawadzka M, Dahms K. 5,10-A2B2-Type meso-Substituted Porphyrins-A Unique Class of Porphyrins with a Realigned Dipole Moment. Chemistry 2011; 17:13562-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Takanami T, Hayashi S, Iso K, Matsumoto J, Hino F. An efficient one-pot protocol for asymmetric bifunctionalization of 5,15-disubstituted porphyrins: direct access to meso activated alkenyl-substituted meso-formylporphyrins. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Senge MO. Stirring the porphyrin alphabet soup—functionalization reactions for porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1943-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Su W, Weng Y, Jiang L, Yang Y, Zhao L, Chen Z, Li Z, Li J. Recent Progress in the Use of Vilsmeier-Type Reagents. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2010.513911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Murat-Onana ML, Berini C, Minassian F, Pelloux-Léon N, Denis JN. An efficient method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,2'-bis(pyrrolyl)alkanes. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2204-11. [PMID: 20401397 DOI: 10.1039/c001800g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the preparation of unsymmetrical 2,2'-bis(pyrrolyl)alkanes has been developed. It involved the condensation of pyrrole derivatives onto N-benzylhydroxylamines in the presence of HCl. This two-step procedure provided access to a wide variety of 2,2'-dipyrromethanes (3a-m). It has also been extended to the synthesis of tripyrromethanes 4a-d and of N-confused dipyrromethanes 6a-d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Laure Murat-Onana
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (SERCO), UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Bakar MB, Oelgemöller M, Senge MO. Lead structures for applications in photodynamic therapy. Part 2: Synthetic studies for photo-triggered release systems of bioconjugate porphyrin photosensitizers. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Takanami T, Wakita A, Matsumoto J, Sekine S, Suda K. An efficient one-pot procedure for asymmetric bifunctionalization of 5,15-disubstituted porphyrins: a simple preparation of mesoacyl-, alkoxycarbonyl-, and carbamoyl-substituted meso-formylporphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:101-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b817551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Takanami T, Matsumoto J, Kumagai Y, Sawaizumi A, Suda K. A facile one-pot preparation of meso-hydroxymethylporphyrins via a sequential SNAr reaction with (2-pyridyldimethylsilyl)methyllithium followed by hydrolysis and aerobic oxidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Horn S, Senge MO. The Intermolecular Pauson-Khand Reaction ofmeso-Substituted Porphyrins. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gâz ŞA, Condamine E, Bogdan N, Terec A, Bogdan E, Ramondenc Y, Grosu I. Synthesis and stereochemistry of some new spiro and polyspiro-1,3-dithiane derivatives. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yao Z, Bhaumik J, Dhanalekshmi S, Ptaszek M, Rodriguez PA, Lindsey JS. Synthesis of porphyrins bearing 1-4 hydroxymethyl groups and other one-carbon oxygenic substituents in distinct patterns. Tetrahedron 2007; 63:10657-10670. [PMID: 18037972 PMCID: PMC2084395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins that bear one-carbon oxygenic substituents (hydroxymethyl, formyl, ester) directly attached to the macrocycle afford a compact architecture that is attractive for diverse applications. Routes to 9 porphyrins bearing such groups in distinct architectures (A(4)-, trans-A(2)-, trans-A(2)B(2)-, trans-AB- and trans-AB(2)C-porphyrins) have been explored (A = hydroxymethyl), including porphyrins bearing two one-carbon units in different oxidation states (hydroxymethyl/ester, formyl/ester). The hydroxymethyl group was introduced via TBDMS-protected dipyrromethane precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
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