Electrochemical Aromatization of Dihydroazines: Effect of Chalco­genophosphoryl (CGP) Substituents on Anodic Oxidation of 9-CGP-9,10-dihydroacridine

The effect of chalcogenophosphoryl fragments on the anodic oxidation of 9-chalcogenophosphoryl-9,10-dihydroacridines was studied in detail. The data of X-ray structural analyses, quantum chemical calculations, and cyclic voltammetry measurements obtained for these compounds provide an explanation of the observed features. The direct electrochemical phosphorylation of acridine was first carried out successfully.

Oxidative Aromatization of 4,7-Dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: Synthetic Possibilities and Limitations, Mechanism of Destruction, and the Theoretical and Experimental Substantiation

The reaction tolerance of the multicomponent process between 3-aminoazoles, 1-morpholino-2-nitroalkenes, and aldehydes was studied. The main patterns of this reaction have been established. Conditions for the oxidation of 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were selected. Previous claims that the 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines could not be aromatised have now been refuted. Compounds with an electron-donor substituent at position seven undergo decomposition during oxidation. The phenomenon was explained based on experimental data, electro-chemical experiment, and quantum-chemical calculation. The mechanism of oxidative degradation has been proposed.

Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation

Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.

Synthetic Organic Electrochemical Methods Since 2000: On the Verge of a Renaissance

Electrochemistry represents one of the most intimate ways of interacting with molecules. This review discusses advances in synthetic organic electrochemistry since 2000. Enabling methods and synthetic applications are analyzed alongside innate advantages as well as future challenges of electroorganic chemistry.

Potential for abiotic reduction of pesticides in Prairie pothole porewaters

Prairie pothole lakes (PPLs) are critical hydrological and ecological components of central North America and represent one of the largest inland wetland systems on Earth. These lakes are located within an agricultural region, and many of them are subject to nonpoint-source pesticide pollution. Limited attention, however, has been paid to understanding the impact of PPL water chemistry on the fate and persistence of pesticides. In this study, the abiotic reductive transformation of seven dinitroaniline pesticides was investigated in PPL sediment porewaters containing naturally abundant levels of reduced sulfur species (i.e., bisulfide (HS(-)) and polysulfides (S(n)(2-))) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Target dinitroanilines underwent rapid degradation in PPL porewaters and were transformed into corresponding amine products. While the largest fraction of the transformation could be attributed to reduced sulfur species, experimental evidence suggested that other reactive entities in PPL porewaters, such as DOM and mineral phases, might also affect the reaction rates of dinitroanilines. Results from this study highlight the importance of reductive transformation as an abiotic natural attenuation pathway for pesticides entering the PPL sedimentary environment.