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Tachrim ZP, Wang L, Murai Y, Hashimoto M. New Trends in Diaziridine Formation and Transformation (a Review). Molecules 2021; 26:4496. [PMID: 34361648 PMCID: PMC8348119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on diaziridine, a high strained three-membered heterocycle with two nitrogen atoms that plays an important role as one of the most important precursors of diazirine photoaffinity probes, as well as their formation and transformation. Recent research trends can be grouped into three categories, based on whether they have examined non-substituted, N-monosubstituted, or N,N-disubstituted diaziridines. The discussion expands on the conventional methods for recent applications, the current spread of studies, and the unconventional synthesis approaches arising over the last decade of publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetryana Puteri Tachrim
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (L.W.); (Y.M.)
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (L.W.); (Y.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuta Murai
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (L.W.); (Y.M.)
- Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (L.W.); (Y.M.)
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2
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Ravindra S, Irfana Jesin CP, Shabashini A, Nandi GC. Recent Advances in the Preparations and Synthetic Applications of Oxaziridines and Diaziridines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundaresan Ravindra
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamilnadu India
| | - C. P. Irfana Jesin
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamilnadu India
| | - Arivalagan Shabashini
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamilnadu India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Nandi
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015, Tamilnadu India
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3
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Hill JR, Robertson AAB. Fishing for Drug Targets: A Focus on Diazirine Photoaffinity Probe Synthesis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6945-6963. [PMID: 29683660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Target identification is a high-priority, albeit challenging, aspect of drug discovery. Diazirine-based photoaffinity probes (PAPs) can facilitate the process by covalently capturing transient molecular interactions. This can help identify target proteins and map the ligand's interactome. Diazirine probes have even been incorporated by cellular machinery into proteins. Embarking on the synthesis of customized PAPs, containing either an aliphatic or trifluoromethyl phenyl diazirine, can be a considerable endeavor, particularly for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists new to the field. This review takes a synthetic focus, aiming to summarize available routes, propose new avenues, and illuminate recent advances in diazirine synthesis. Select examples of diazirine photoaffinity labeling applications have been included throughout to provide instructive definition of the advantages and limitations of the technology while simultaneously highlighting how these reagents can be applied in a practical sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia QLD4072 , Australia
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4
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Protasova I, Bulat B, Jung N, Bräse S. Synthesis of Diaziridines and Diazirines via Resin-Bound Sulfonyl Oximes. Org Lett 2016; 19:34-37. [PMID: 27959555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diazirines are one of the most prominent functionalities in labeling experiments in vivo and in vitro because they allow photochemical generation of carbenes. The strategy presented herein describes the formation of diaziridines, being essential precursors in diazirine syntheses, using solid-supported procedures with immobilized sulfonyl oximes. The solid-supported building blocks have been shown to be valuable intermediates for CuAAC and amidation reactions, offering the possibility to build complex compounds with diverse functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Protasova
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bekir Bulat
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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5
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Terrabuio LA, Haiduke RLA, Matta CF. Difluorodiazirine (CF2N2): A comparative quantum mechanical study of the first triplet and first singlet excited states. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Medicinal applications of perfluoroalkylated chain-containing compounds. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1201-29. [PMID: 25078138 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds with polyfluorinated molecular fragments possess unique properties associated with the presence of a large number of fluorine atoms that affect lipophilicity and conformational rigidity of the parent molecule along with other effects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of synthesized compounds possessing perfluoroalkylated or polyfluorinated chains that have been tested for bioactivity or as potential drug candidates for the treatment of various diseases. As far as the length of the perfluoroalkylated chain is concerned the focus is centered on the compound bearing perfluoroethyl or tetrafluoroethyl as well as longer chains. The perfluoroalkylated compounds discussed are classified according to their biological activity.
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7
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Tomohiro T, Hatanaka Y. Diazirine-Based Multifunctional Photo-Probes for Affinity-Based Elucidation of Protein-Ligand Interaction. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-14-803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Xia Y, Peng L. Photoactivatable Lipid Probes for Studying Biomembranes by Photoaffinity Labeling. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7880-929. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300419p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
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9
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Osteresch C, Bender T, Grond S, von Zezschwitz P, Kunze B, Jansen R, Huss M, Wieczorek H. The binding site of the V-ATPase inhibitor apicularen is in the vicinity of those for bafilomycin and archazolid. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31866-76. [PMID: 22815478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.372169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of V-ATPases as potential therapeutic drug targets and hence of their specific inhibitors is a promising approach in osteoporosis and cancer treatment because the occurrence of these diseases is interrelated to the function of the V-ATPase. Apicularen belongs to the novel inhibitor family of the benzolactone enamides, which are highly potent but feature the unique characteristic of not inhibiting V-ATPases from fungal sources. In this study we specify, for the first time, the binding site of apicularen within the membrane spanning V(O) complex. By photoaffinity labeling using derivatives of apicularen and of the plecomacrolides bafilomycin and concanamycin, each coupled to (14)C-labeled 4-(3-trifluoromethyldiazirin-3-yl)benzoic acid, we verified that apicularen binds at the interface of the V(O) subunits a and c. The binding site is in the vicinity to those of the plecomacrolides and of the archazolids, a third family of V-ATPase inhibitors. Expression of subunit c homologues from Homo sapiens and Manduca sexta, both species sensitive to benzolactone enamides, in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking the corresponding intrinsic gene did not transfer this sensitivity to yeast. Therefore, the binding site of benzolactone enamides cannot be formed exclusively by subunit c. Apparently, subunit a substantially contributes to the binding of the benzolactone enamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Osteresch
- Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Abteilung Tierphysiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49069 Osnabrück, German
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Kumar AB, Anderson JM, Manetsch R. Design, synthesis and photoactivation studies of fluorous photolabels. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6284-92. [PMID: 21785789 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05748k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two fluorous diazirine photolabels were designed, synthesized and subjected to photoactivation studies. The photoactivation studies revealed an unexpected photoreaction when the fluorous tag was directly connected to the diazirine ring, leading to the formation of a fluorous alkene. The more efficient photolabel of the two was identified as a flexible precursor for target specific photoaffinity labels for fluorous proteomics by adding appropriate ligands depending on the target protein subset. As a proof of feasibility, mannose residues were added to the photolabel making it a potential photoaffinity label to tag proteins that bind mannose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Babu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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Dubinsky L, Krom BP, Meijler MM. Diazirine based photoaffinity labeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:554-70. [PMID: 21778062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Diazirines are among the smallest photoreactive groups that form a reactive carbene upon light irradiation. This feature has been widely utilized in photoaffinity labeling to study ligand-receptor, ligand-enzyme and protein-protein interactions, and in the isolation and identification of unknown proteins. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of diazirines in photoaffinity labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Dubinsky
- Department of Chemistry and National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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12
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Huss M, Vitavska O, Albertmelcher A, Bockelmann S, Nardmann C, Tabke K, Tiburcy F, Wieczorek H. Vacuolar H(+)-ATPases: intra- and intermolecular interactions. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:688-95. [PMID: 21640428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
V-ATPases in eukaryotes are heteromultimeric, H(+)-transporting proteins. They are localized in a multitude of different membranes and energize many different transport processes. Unique features of V-ATPases are, on the one hand, their ability to regulate enzymatic and ion transporting activity by the reversible dissociation of the catalytic V(1) complex from the membrane bound proton translocating V(0) complex and, on the other hand, their high sensitivity to specific macrolides such as bafilomycin and concanamycin from streptomycetes or archazolid and apicularen from myxomycetes. Both features require distinct intramolecular as well as intermolecular interactions. Here we will summarize our own results together with newer developments in both of these research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huss
- University of Osnabrück, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Animal Physiology, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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