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Johnson JD, Teeples CR, Akkawi NR, Wilkerson-Hill SM. Efficient Synthesis of Orphaned Cyclopropanes Using Sulfones as Carbene Equivalents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14471-14476. [PMID: 35939335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules containing 1,1-dimethylcyclopropanes are prevalent throughout nature but are difficult to synthesize using state-of-the-art metal-catalyzed carbene transfer methods without competing 1,2-hydride shifts. Herein, we introduce a mechanistically distinct platform to transfer 1,1-dialkylcarbene units to olefins using carbometalation reactions of dialkyl sulfonyl anions. In the presence of NaNH2 or n-BuLi in ethereal solvents, dialkyl sulfones react with styrenes and arylbutadienes between 23 and 70 °C to produce the corresponding 1,1-dialkylcyclopropanes. We report 40 examples of this reactivity including 16 different styrenes (up to 89% isolated yield), 9 arylbutadienes (51-88% yield), and 13 different sulfones (46-80% yield). In addition, we report an example of a sequential cyclopropanation reaction using this method. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a stepwise anionic process that is initiated by the direct addition of sulfonyl anions to a carbon-carbon double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Douglas Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Charles Reece Teeples
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nicholas Rajai Akkawi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Joachim Gais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Professor-Pirlet Strasse 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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Gerhards F, Griebel N, Runsink J, Raabe G, Gais HJ. Chiral Lithiated Allylic α-Sulfonyl Carbanions: Experimental and Computational Study of Their Structure, Configurational Stability, and Enantioselective Synthesis. Chemistry 2015; 21:17904-20. [PMID: 26494207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystal structure analysis of the lithiated allylic α-sulfonyl carbanions [CH2 CHC(Me)SO2 Ph]Li⋅diglyme, [cC6 H8 SO2 tBu]Li⋅PMDETA and [cC7 H10 SO2 tBu]Li⋅PMDETA showed dimeric and monomeric CIPs, having nearly planar anionic C atoms, only OLi bonds, almost planar allylic units with strong CC bond length alternation and the s-trans conformation around C1C2. They adopt a C1S conformation, which is similar to the one generally found for alkyl and aryl substituted α-sulfonyl carbanions. Cryoscopy of [EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li in THF at 164 K revealed an equilibrium between monomers and dimers in a ratio of 83:17, which is similar to the one found by low temperature NMR spectroscopy. According to NMR spectroscopy the lone-pair orbital at C1 strongly interacts with the CC double bond. Low temperature (6) Li,(1) H NOE experiments of [EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li in THF point to an equilibrium between monomeric CIPs having only OLi bonds and CIPs having both OLi and C1Li bonds. Ab initio calculation of [MeCHCHC(Me)SO2 Me]Li⋅(Me2 O)2 gave three isomeric CIPs having the s-trans conformation and three isomeric CIPs having the s-cis conformation around the C1C2 bond. All s-trans isomers are more stable than the s-cis isomers. At all levels of theory the s-trans isomer having OLi and C1Li bonds is the most stable one followed by the isomer which has two OLi bonds. The allylic unit of the C,O,Li isomer shows strong bond length alternation and the C1 atom is in contrast to the O,Li isomer significantly pyramidalized. According to NBO analysis of the s-trans and s-cis isomers, the interaction of the lone pair at C1 with the π* orbital of the CC double bond is energetically much more favorable than that with the "empty" orbitals at the Li atom. The C1S and C1C2 conformations are determined by the stereoelectronic effects nC -σSR * interaction and allylic conjugation. (1) H DNMR spectroscopy of racemic [EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li, [iPrCHCHC(iPr)SO2 tBu]Li and [EtCHC(Me)C(Et)SO2 tBu]Li in [D8 ]THF gave estimated barriers of enantiomerization of ΔG(≠) =13.2 kcal mol(-1) (270 K), 14.2 kcal mol(-1) (291 K) and 14.2 kcal mol(-1) (295 K), respectively. Deprotonation of sulfone (R)-EtCHCHCH(Et)SO2 tBu (94 % ee) with nBuLi in THF at -105 °C occurred with a calculated enantioselectivity of 93 % ee and gave carbanion (M)-[EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li, the deuteration and alkylation of which with CF3 CO2 D and MeOCH2 I, respectively, proceeded with high enantioselectivities. Time-dependent deuteration of the enantioenriched carbanion (M)-[EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li in THF gave a racemization barrier of ΔG(≠) =12.5 kcal mol(-1) (168 K), which translates to a calculated half-time of racemization of t1/2 =12 min at -105 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gerhards
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany).,Present address: Philipp Reis Strasse 12, 40215 Düsseldorf (Germany)
| | - Nicole Griebel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany).,Present address: Kaiserstrasse 66, 52080 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Jan Runsink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Hans-Joachim Gais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany).
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Münster N, Werel L, Rennar GA, Harms K, Koert U. Reactivity of α-Bromosulfones Obtained fromgem-Dibromides. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Pritzius AB, Breit B. Z
‐Selective Hydrothiolation of Racemic 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes: An Atom‐Economic Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15818-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B. Pritzius
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)
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Pritzius AB, Breit B. Z
‐Selective Hydrothiolation of Racemic 1,3‐Disubstituted Allenes: An Atom‐Economic Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B. Pritzius
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)
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Kennedy N, Lu G, Liu P, Cohen T. Reductive Lithiation in the Absence of Aromatic Electron Carriers. A Steric Effect Manifested on the Surface of Lithium Metal Leads to a Difference in Relative Reactivity Depending on Whether the Aromatic Electron Carrier Is Present or Absent. J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Theodore Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Binkowska I. Disulfonyl carbon acids – synthesis, spectroscopic and structural studies – a review. CR CHIM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pritzius AB, Breit B. Asymmetric rhodium-catalyzed addition of thiols to allenes: synthesis of branched allylic thioethers and sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3121-5. [PMID: 25598017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A highly regio- and enantioselective hydrothiolation of terminal allenes, a reaction which fulfills the criteria of atom economy, is reported. Applying two chiral rhodium catalyst systems, a wide variety of thiols and allenes could be coupled. Oxidation gave access to the corresponding allylic sulfones in essentially enantiomerically pure form. The reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups and labeling experiments gave first insights into the reaction mechanism of this new methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Pritzius
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)
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Pritzius AB, Breit B. Asymmetric Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Thiols to Allenes: Synthesis of Branched Allylic Thioethers and Sulfones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Heß T, Raabe G, Gais HJ. Lithium-Titanium Exchange of Tertiary α-Sulfonyl Carbanions: Synthesis, Structure, Dynamics and Reactivity of Bis(1-sulfonylalkyl)titaniums. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Řehová L, Jahn U. Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanism ofortho→α Transmetalation Reactions of Alkyl Aryl Sulfone Carbanions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yoon S, Hong MC, Rhee H. Palladium-catalyzed benzylation of arylboronic acids with N,N-ditosylbenzylamines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4206-11. [PMID: 24724961 DOI: 10.1021/jo500462n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed coupling of N,N-ditosylbenzylamines with arylboronic acids has been investigated, and the resulting diarylmethanes were obtained in high yields. Conversion of the amine to a N,N-ditosylimide group provided an efficient leaving group for the Pd-catalyzed benzylation of arylboronic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeun Yoon
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University , Sa 3-Dong 1271, Ansan, Kyunggi-Do 426-791, Korea
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Reich HJ. Role of Organolithium Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates in Organolithium Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Chirality transfer in Brook rearrangement-mediated SE2′ solvolytic protonation and its use in estimation of the propensity for racemization of the α-lithiocarbanions of the substituents. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Hellmann G, Hack A, Thiemermann E, Luche O, Raabe G, Gais HJ. Chiral Fluorinated α-Sulfonyl Carbanions: Enantioselective Synthesis and Electrophilic Capture, Racemization Dynamics, and Structure. Chemistry 2013; 19:3869-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Binkowska I, Gałęzowski W, Jarczewski A. π-Charge distribution in some (4-R1-phenyl)bis(ethylsulfonyl)methane and (4-R1-phenyl)bis(benzylsulfonyl)methane carbanions in acetonitrile. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Patwardhan NN, Gao M, Carlier PR. Incremental Solvation Precedes Ion-Pair Separation in Enantiomerization of a Cyano-Stabilized Grignard Reagent. Chemistry 2011; 17:12250-3. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Koch FM, Peters R. Lewis Acid/Base Catalyzed [2+2]‐Cycloaddition of Sulfenes and Aldehydes: A Versatile Entry to Chiral Sulfonyl and Sulfinyl Derivatives. Chemistry 2011; 17:3679-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian M. Koch
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wolfgang‐Pauli‐Str. 10, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - René Peters
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany), Fax: (+49) 711‐685‐54330
- ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wolfgang‐Pauli‐Str. 10, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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Scholz R, Hellmann G, Rohs S, Raabe G, Runsink J, Özdemir D, Luche O, Heß T, Giesen AW, Atodiresei J, Lindner HJ, Gais HJ. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Enantiomerization of Lithium α-tert-Butylsulfonyl Carbanion Salts and the Determination of Their Structures in Solution and in the Crystal. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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