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Liu MS, Du HW, Meng H, Xie Y, Shu W. Unified metal-free intermolecular Heck-type sulfonylation, cyanation, amination, amidation of alkenes by thianthrenation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:529. [PMID: 38225220 PMCID: PMC10789743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct and site-selective C-H functionalization of alkenes under environmentally benign conditions represents a useful and attractive yet challenging transformation to access value-added molecules. Herein, a unified protocol for a variety of intermolecular Heck-type functionalizations of Csp2-H bond of alkenes has been developed by thianthrenation. The reaction features metal-free and operationally simple conditions for exclusive cine-selective C-H functionalization of aliphatic and aryl alkenes to forge C-C, C-N, C-P, and C-S bonds at room temperature, providing a general protocol for intermolecular Heck-type reaction of alkenes with nucleophiles (Nu = sulfinates, cyanides, amines, amides). Alkenes undergo cine-sulfonylation, cyanation, amination to afford alkenyl sulfones, alkenyl nitriles and enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Wu Du
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Huan Meng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 643000, Zigong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 643000, Zigong, P. R. China.
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Chang YH, Shen W, Shezaf JZ, Ortiz E, Krische MJ. Palladium(I)-Iodide-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Heck Reaction of Vinyl Triflates: A Formate-Mediated Cross-Electrophile Reductive Coupling with cine-Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22890-22895. [PMID: 37845783 PMCID: PMC10615887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The first deoxygenative Heck reactions are described, as illustrated by formate-mediated cine-substitutions of vinyl triflates with aryl iodides. The collective data corroborate a mechanism in which Pd(OAc)2 and Bu4NI form the dianionic iodide-bridged dimer [Pd2I6][NBu4]2, which, under reducing conditions, serves as a precursor to the palladium(I) complex [Pd2I4][NBu4]2. Dinculear oxidative addition of aryl iodide forms [Pd2I5(Ar)][NBu4]2, which dissociates to the monometallic complex [PdI2(Ar)][NBu4]. Vinyl triflate migratory insertion-sulfonate elimination delivers a palladium(IV) carbene, which upon β-hydride elimination/C-H reductive elimination gives the product of cine-substitution. These processes are the first efficient formate-mediated cross-electrophile reductive couplings beyond carbonyl addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Weijia Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Synthesis of Novel Key Chromophoric Intermediates via C-C Coupling Reactions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamentals of Pd-catalyzed Csp2−Csp2 Miyaura borylation, Suzuki cross-coupling, and Stille cross-coupling reactions for a variety of borylated precursors based on phenothiazine (PTZ), phenoxazine (POZ), carbazole (Cz), and quinoxaline (QX) units have been explored. Three palladium-based catalysts were chosen for this study: Pd(PPh3)4, Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, and Pd(dppf)Cl2, applying different reaction conditions. Around 16 desired chromophores were successfully designed and synthesized using C-C cross-coupling reactions in moderate to excellent yields, including PTZ, POZ, and Cz units coupled with QX, indolinium iodide, thienyl, phenyl, or triphenylamine moieties. Additionally, PTZ, POZ, and Cz have been employed in synthesizing various pinacol boronate ester derivatives in good to moderate yields. Interestingly, Pd(dppf)Cl2 was found to be the best catalyst for borylation, and C-C cross-coupling reactions occurred in as little as 30 min, with an excellent yield exceeding 98%. Pd(PPh3)4 and Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 catalyzed the reaction to obtain the desired products in moderate to good yields after a long time (20–24 h). On the other hand, the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling between N-(2-methyl)hexyl carbazole pinacol boronate ester derivative 10c and three halogenated quinoxaline derivatives—4-(3-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)quinoxalin-2-yl)benzaldehyde (27), 4-(5-(3-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)quinoxalin-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)benzaldehyde (30), and 4-(3-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)benzaldehyde (25) catalyzed by Pd(PPh3)4—afforded three carbazole-quinoxaline chromophores (28, 30, and 31, respectively) in 2–3 h, with good to excellent yields reaching 86%. The electron-deficient QX couplers proved to be coupled efficiently using the Stille coupling reaction, which involves the coupling between electron-rich orgaostannane and electron-deficient halide. The synthesized precursors and desired chromophores were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS.
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Highly Crystallized Pd/Cu Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reaction. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for Sonogashira coupling reactions, a PEG-OMe (Methoxy Polyene Glycol) - mediated method was developed to immobilize Pd/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles on activated carbon (AC). Catalytic experiments showed that Pd/Cu@AC prepared in a PEG-OMe 500 had the highest activity. The morphology and composition of the catalyst were determined, and the identified crystallized and heterometallic nanoparticles of Pd/Cu were essential for an efficient catalytic cycle. The Pd/Cu@AC catalyst was successfully used in Sonogashira reactions (21 examples) including with aryl bromides as the coupling partner in EtOH at 80–100 °C. The catalyst was recycled at least nine times.
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Ho CC, Ariafard A, Hyland CJT, Bissember AC. Phosphine-Scavenging Cationic Gold(I) Complexes: Alternative Applications of Gold Cocatalysis in Fundamental Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis C. Ho
- School of Natural Sciences − Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences − Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
| | - Christopher J. T. Hyland
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Alex C. Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences − Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania7001, Australia
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Gunther MJ, Pavlović RZ, Fernandez JP, Zhiquan L, Gallucci J, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. Stereo- and Regioselective Synthesis of Molecular Baskets. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4392-4401. [PMID: 30873839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a stereoselective method for obtaining multigram quantities of molecular basket 1 syn in overall 11% yield, using inexpensive cyclopentadiene and diethyl fumarate as starting materials. First, an asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched bromo(trimethylstannyl)alkene (-)-8 was accomplished by the stereoselective bromination of dibromonorbornene (+)-4 guided by anchimeric assistance and subsequent syn- exo-elimination of tetrabromonorbornane (-)-5a as the key steps. Subsequent Cu(I)-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of (-)-8 was optimized to give 1 syn/ anti in 85% yield and 1:1 ratio of diastereomers. Importantly, the results of our mechanistic experiments were in line with the cyclotrimerization occurring in a chain-type fashion with racemization of a Cu(I) homochiral dimeric intermediate, reducing the stereoselectivity of the transformation. Enabled by more facile access to molecular baskets of type 1 syn, a range of recognition studies can now be completed for producing novel supramolecular catalysts, organophosphorus scavengers, and nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gunther
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Radoslav Z Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Joseph P Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Judith Gallucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Christopher M Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Jovica D Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 W. 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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Ai P, Monakhov KY, van Leusen J, Kögerler P, Gourlaouen C, Tromp M, Welter R, Danopoulos AA, Braunstein P. Linear Cu I2 Pd 0 , Cu I Pd 02 , and Ag I2 Pd 0 Metal Chains Supported by Rigid N,N'-Diphosphanyl N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Metallophilic Interactions. Chemistry 2018; 24:8787-8796. [PMID: 29869809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Selective copper(I) to palladium(0) transmetallation of P-donors from the rigid N,N'-diphosphanyl-imidazol-2-ylidene C3 H2 [NP(tBu)2 ]2 (PCNHC P) was observed when known [Cu3 (μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)3 was reacted with [Pd(PPh3 )4 ]. When 1.2 equivalents of [Pd(PPh3 )4 ] was used, the product [Cu2 Pd(μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)2 (2(OTf)2 ) was obtained, which features a CuI -CuI -Pd0 chain and appears to be the first linear heterotrinuclear complex with d10 -d10 interactions between Pd0 and CuI . When the Cu3 precursor was reacted with 3.0 equivalents of [Pd(PPh3 )4 ], the complex [CuPd2 (μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)2 (3(OTf)2 ) was obtained, which, on the basis of magnetic measurements, DFT calculations, and computed nuclear shieldings, was formulated as containing a Pd0 -CuI -Pd0 chain with an electron hole delocalized over the whole cation, including the metal chain. Similarly, selective transmetallation of the P-donors in [Ag3 (μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)3 from silver to palladium (originating from [Pd(PPh3 )4 ]) gave the linear chain [Ag2 Pd(μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)2 (5(OTf)2 ), which on the basis of NMR spectroscopy comprises an AgI -AgI -Pd0 metal core. However, X-ray diffraction data collected on various samples of 5(OTf)2 were modeled with 50:50 metal disorder at the terminal positions, corresponding to a (AgI /Pd0 )-AgI -(AgI /Pd0 ) formulation. Upon standing in solution, 5(OTf)2 transformed to 6(OTf)2 , the regioisomer of 5(OTf)2 in which the Pd center has migrated to the central position of an AgI -Pd0 -AgI chain. Prolonged standing in CH2 Cl2 or by reaction with [PtCl2 (NCMe)2 ] converts complex 6(OTf)2 to the AgI /PdII complex [Ag2 PdCl2 (μ3 -PCNHC P,κP,κCNHC ,κP)2 ](OTf)2 (7(OTf)2 ). The structural data of 2(OTf)2 , 3(OTf)2 , and 7(OTf)2 establish significant heterometallophilic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ai
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Kirill Yu Monakhov
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan van Leusen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Kögerler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA-FIT) and Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Moniek Tromp
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Welter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire DECOMET, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, 12 rue du général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Andreas A Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France.,Institute for Advanced Study, USIAS, Université de Strasbourg, France.,Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens GR, 15771, Greece
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Roy D, Uozumi Y. Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions at ppm to ppb Molar Catalyst Loadings. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Roy
- Institute for Molecular Science; Myodaiji; Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uozumi
- Institute for Molecular Science; Myodaiji; Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Green Nanocatalysis Research Team; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; Wako 351-0198 Japan
- JST-ACCEL; Myodaiji; Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
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9
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Horino Y. Novel Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions by Allylpalladium Intermediates Possessing Silyl, Boryl, or Stannyl Groups. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2017. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Horino
- Department of Environmental Applied Chemistry, University of Toyama
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Sandtorv AH, Törnroos KW, Bjørsvik HR. Stille Cross-Coupling for the Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone: Revisit, Improvement, and Applications of the Method. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bonney KJ, Schoenebeck F. Experiment and computation: a combined approach to study the reactivity of palladium complexes in oxidation states 0 toiv. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6609-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Maity P, Klos MR, Kazmaier U. Syntheses of α-Stannylated and α-Iodinated Enamides via Molybdenum-Catalyzed Hydrostannation. Org Lett 2013; 15:6246-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pulakesh Maity
- Saarland University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Campus, Bldg. C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Manuel R. Klos
- Saarland University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Campus, Bldg. C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Saarland University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Campus, Bldg. C4.2, D-66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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Tsukada N, Abe T, Inoue Y. Formation ofcine-Substitution Products in theSuzukiMiyauraCross-Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Dinuclear Palladium Complexes. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fukuda H, Nishiyama Y, Nakamura S, Ohno Y, Eguchi T, Iwabuchi Y, Usui T, Kanoh N. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Vicenistatin, a Cytotoxic 20-Membered Macrolactam Glycoside. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2872-81. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pérez-Temprano MH, Casares JA, Espinet P. Bimetallic catalysis using transition and Group 11 metals: an emerging tool for C-C coupling and other reactions. Chemistry 2012; 18:1864-84. [PMID: 22267102 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic catalysis refers to homogeneous processes in which either two transition metals (TM), or one TM and one Group 11 (G11) element (occasionally Hg also), cooperate in a synthetic process (often a C-C coupling) and their actions are connected by a transmetalation step. This is an emerging research area that differs from the isolated or tandem applications of the now classic processes (Stille, Negishi, Suzuki, Hiyama, Heck). Most of the reactions used so far combine Pd with a second metal, often Cu or Au, but syntheses involving very different TM couples (e.g., Cr/Ni in the catalyzed vinylation of aldehydes) have also been developed. Further development of the topic will soon demand a good knowledge of the mechanisms involved in bimetallic catalysis, but this knowledge is very limited for catalytic processes. However, there is much information available, dispersed in the literature, coming from basic research on exchange reactions occurring out of any catalytic cycle, in polynuclear complexes. These are essentially the same processes expected to operate in the heart of the catalytic process. This Review gathers together these two usually isolated topics in order to stimulate synergy between the bimetallic research coming from more basic organometallic studies and the more synthetic organic approaches to this chemistry.
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