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Ganiu MO, Nepal B, Van Houten JP, Kartika R. A decade review of triphosgene and its applications in organic reactions. Tetrahedron 2020; 76:131553. [PMID: 33883783 PMCID: PMC8054975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review article highlights selected advances in triphosgene-enabled organic synthetic reactions that were reported in the decade of 2010-2019. Triphosgene is a versatile reagent in organic synthesis. It serves as a convenient substitute for the toxic phosgene gas. Despite its first known preparation in the late 19th interestingly began only three decades ago. Despite the relatively short history, triphosgene has been proven to be very useful in facilitating the preparation of a vast scope of value-added compounds, such as organohalides, acid chlorides, isocyanates, carbonyl addition adducts, heterocycles, among others. Furthermore, applications of triphosgene in complex molecules synthesis, polymer synthesis, and other techniques, such as flow chemistry and solid phase synthesis, have also emerged in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rendy Kartika
- Department of Chemistry, 232 Choppin Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 United States
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Musci P, Colella M, Fanelli F, Altomare A, Pisano L, Carlucci C, Luisi R, Degennaro L. Stereo- and Enantioselective Addition of Organolithiums to 2-Oxazolinylazetidines as a Synthetic Route to 2-Acylazetidines. Front Chem 2019; 7:614. [PMID: 31572708 PMCID: PMC6749145 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic route to N-alkyl-2-acylazetidines was developed through a highly stereoselective addition of organolithiums to N-alkyl-2-oxazolinylazetidines followed by acidic hydrolysis of the resulting oxazolidine intermediates. This study revealed an unusual reactivity of the C=N bond of the oxazoline group when reacted with organolithiums in a non-polar solvent such as toluene. The observed reactivity has been explained considering the role of the nitrogen lone pair of the azetidine ring as well as of the oxazolinyl group in promoting a complexation of the organolithium, thus ending up with the addition to the C=N double bond. The high level of stereoselectivity in this addition is supported by DFT calculations and NMR investigations, and a model is proposed for the formation of the oxazolidine intermediates, that have been isolated and fully characterized. Upon acidic conditions, the oxazolidine moieties were readily converted into 2-acylazetidines. This synthetic approach has been applied for the preparation of highly enantioenriched 2-acylazetidines starting from chiral not racemic N-alkyl-2-oxazolinylazetidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantaleo Musci
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Flavio Fanelli
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.,Crystallography Institute of the National Research Council (IC-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Altomare
- Crystallography Institute of the National Research Council (IC-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology FLAME-Lab, Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
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Drouillat B, Peggion C, Biondi B, Wright K, Couty F, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Heterochiral Ala/(
αMe)Aze
sequential oligopeptides:
S
ynthesis and conformational study. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3165. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Drouillat
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180University of Versailles St‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles 78035 France
| | | | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Padova Unit, CNR Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Karen Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180University of Versailles St‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles 78035 France
| | - François Couty
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180University of Versailles St‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles 78035 France
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Padova Unit, CNR Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova Padova 35131 Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Padova Unit, CNR Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Claudio Toniolo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Padova Padova 35131 Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry Padova Unit, CNR Padova 35131 Italy
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Drouillat B, Peggion C, Biondi B, Wright K, Couty F, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. A novel peptide conformation: the γ-bend ribbon. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7947-7958. [PMID: 30318540 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the extensively investigated relationship between the peptide β-bend ribbon and its prototypical 310-helix conformation, the corresponding relationship between the narrower γ-bend ribbon and its regular γ-helix counterpart still remains to be studied, as the latter 3D-structures have not yet been experimentally authenticated. In this paper, we describe the results of the first characterization, both in the crystal state and in solution, of the γ-bend ribbon conformation using X-ray diffraction and FT-IR absorption, electronic CD and 2D-NMR spectroscopies applied to an appropriate set of synthetic, homo-chiral, sequential dipeptide oligomers based on (S)-Ala and the known γ-bend inducer, Cα-tetrasubstituted, N-alkylated α-amino acid residue (S)-Cα-methyl-azetidine-carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Drouillat
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University of Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France.
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Drouillat B, Dorogan IV, Kletskii M, Burov ON, Couty F. Competitive Ring Expansion of Azetidines into Pyrrolidines and/or Azepanes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6677-85. [PMID: 27398926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Azetidines fitted with a 3-hydroxypropyl side chain at the 2-position undergo intramolecular N-alkylation after activation of the primary alcohol, and the produced 1-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane is opened by different nucleophiles (cyanide, azide, or acetate anions) to produce mixtures of ring expanded pyrrolidines and azepanes, or a unique type of compound. Distribution of produced five- or seven-membered rings depends on the substitution pattern on the azetidine ring and on its side chain, together with the nature of the nucleophile used in the expansion process. Observed regioselectivities for nucleophilic opening are rationalized by quantum mechanical DFT calculations and are in good agreement with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Drouillat
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Saclay - 45 , av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Igor V Dorogan
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University , 194/2 Stachka Ave., 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Kletskii
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University , 7, Zorge St., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg N Burov
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University , 7, Zorge St., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - François Couty
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Saclay - 45 , av. des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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Couty F, Drouillat B, Evano G, David O. 2-Cyanoazetidines and Azetidinium Ions: Scaffolds for Molecular Diversity. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Biswas T, Mukherjee JP, Chattopadhyay SK. Enantiodivergent synthesis of N-protected azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Drouillat B, Wright K, David O, Couty F. Insight into the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Ring-Opening of Azetidinium Ions Containing Quaternary Carbon Atoms. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Menguy L, Drouillat B, Marrot J, Couty F. Mechanistic insights into the rearrangement of azetidine N-oxides to isoxazolidines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Practical preparation of enantiopure 2-methyl-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid; a γ-turn promoter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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