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Djukanovic D, Ganiek MA, Nishi K, Karaghiosoff K, Mashima K, Knochel P. Preparation of Functionalized Amides Using Dicarbamoylzincs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205440. [PMID: 35561099 PMCID: PMC9401601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a new convenient preparation of dicarbamoylzincs of type (R1 R2 NCO)2 Zn by the treatment of ZnCl2 and formamides R1 R2 NCHO with LiTMP in THF (15 °C, 15 min) or by the reaction of formamides R1 R2 NCHO with TMP2 Zn (25 °C, 16 h). This second method tolerates sensitive groups such as an ester, ketone or nitro function. Reaction of these dicarbamoylzincs with allylic, benzylic, aryl, alkenyl bromides, acid chlorides, aldehydes or enones provided various polyfunctional amides in 47-97 % yields. 13 C NMR characterization of these new carbamoylzinc derivatives is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Djukanovic
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Maximilian A. Ganiek
- Patheon, by Thermo Fisher ScientificPatheon Regensburg GmbhDonaustaufer Straße 37893055RegensburgGermany
| | - Kohei Nishi
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonaka565-0871 OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka University1-6 YamadaokaSuita565-0871 OsakaJapan
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonaka565-0871 OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka University1-6 YamadaokaSuita565-0871 OsakaJapan
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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Preparation of Functionalized Amides using Dicarbamoylzincs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Huang H, Chen J, Jiang Y, Xiao T. One pot synthesis of isocyano-containing, densely functionalised gem-difluoroalkenes from α-trifluoromethyl alkenes, alkyl halides and TosMIC. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A base-promoted one-pot, three-component reaction of TosMIC with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and alkyl halides has been deveolped for the synthesis of isocyano-containing, densely functionalised gem-difluoroalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtai Huang
- Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, Peoples R China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, Peoples R China
| | - Yubo Jiang
- Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, Peoples R China
| | - Tiebo Xiao
- Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, Peoples R China
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Williams CM, Dallaston MA. The Future of Retrosynthesis and Synthetic Planning: Algorithmic, Humanistic or the Interplay? Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The practice of deploying and teaching retrosynthesis is on the cusp of considerable change, which in turn forces practitioners and educators to contemplate whether this impending change will advance or erode the efficiency and elegance of organic synthesis in the future. A short treatise is presented herein that covers the concept of retrosynthesis, along with exemplified methods and theories, and an attempt to comprehend the impact of artificial intelligence in an era when freely and commercially available retrosynthetic and forward synthesis planning programs are increasingly prevalent. Will the computer ever compete with human retrosynthetic design and the art of organic synthesis?
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Kumar CVS, Holyoke CW, Keller TM, Fleming FF. Asmic Isocyanide [3 + 2] Cascade to Dihydrooxazoles and Dihydroimidazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9153-9160. [PMID: 32639153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The versatile isocyanide building block Asmic, anisylsulfanylmethylisocyanide, reacts with aldehydes and ketones in a BF3·OEt2-mediated condensation to afford thioimidoyl-substituted 2,5-dihydrooxazoles. The condensation is distinguished from related base and transition-metal-catalyzed [3 + 2] processes in proceeding via the condensation of aldehydes and ketones with 2 equiv of an isocyanide followed by a molecular rearrangement that installs four new bonds. BF3·OEt2 mediates an analogous condensation of Asmic with imines to generate N-substituted dihydroimidazoles. Mechanistically, BF3·OEt2 activates the isocyanide to facilitate deprotonation evolving to a zwitterion that traps π-electrophiles in a formal [3 + 2] process. A second deprotonation-condensation with Asmic initiates a structural rearrangement involving a sulfanyl elimination-addition transposition sequence. The resulting dihydrooxazoles and dihydroimidazoles contain a thioimidate that serves as a diversification point for further elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chepuri V Suneel Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 South 32nd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Caleb W Holyoke
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 South 32nd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Taylor M Keller
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennysylvania 19122, United States
| | - Fraser F Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32 South 32nd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Altundas B, Marrazzo JPR, Fleming FF. Metalated isocyanides: formation, structure, and reactivity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6467-6482. [PMID: 32766609 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01340d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metalated isocyanides are highly versatile organometallics. Central to the reactivity of metalated isocyanides is the presence of two orthogonally reactive carbons, a highly nucleophilic "carbanion" inductively stabilized by a carbene-like isocyanide carbon. The two reactivities are harnessed in the attack of metalated isocyanides on π-electrophiles where an initial nucleophilic attack leads to an electron pair that cyclizes onto the terminal isocyanide carbon in a rapid route to diverse, nitrogenous heterocycles. Harnessing the potent nucleophilicity of metalated isocyanides while preventing electrophilic attack on the terminal isocyanide carbon has largely been driven by empirical heuristics. This review provides a foundational understanding by surveying the formation, structure, and properties of metalated isocyanides. The focus on the interplay between the structure and reactivity of metalated isocyanides is anticipated to facilitate the development and deployment of these exceptional nucleophiles in complex bond constructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Altundas
- Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Necardo C, Alfano AI, Del Grosso E, Pelliccia S, Galli U, Novellino E, Meneghetti F, Giustiniano M, Tron GC. Aryl Azides as Forgotten Electrophiles in the Van Leusen Reaction: A Multicomponent Transformation Affording 4-Tosyl-1-arylimidazoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16299-16307. [PMID: 31779310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Considering aryl azides as electrophilic partners for the TosMIC mediated Van Leusen reaction, a novel multicomponent synthesis of 4-tosyl-1-arylimidazoles is reported. In this transformation, two molecules of TosMIC participate in the reaction mechanism in two different ways, with the second molecule undergoing a novel type of fragmentation resulting in the incorporation of a C-H into the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Necardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Largo Donegani 2 , 28100 Novara , Italy
| | - Antonella Ilenia Alfano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Largo Donegani 2 , 28100 Novara , Italy
| | - Sveva Pelliccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Ubaldina Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Largo Donegani 2 , 28100 Novara , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Fiorella Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , via L. Mangiagalli 25 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , via D. Montesano 49 , 80131 Napoli , Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Largo Donegani 2 , 28100 Novara , Italy
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Mathiyazhagan AD, Anilkumar G. Recent advances and applications of p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC). Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6735-6747. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00847k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TosMIC, a unique and multifunctional synthetic reagent, reacts with a wide spectrum of synthons to deliver novel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC)
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Vale JR, Rimpiläinen T, Sievänen E, Rissanen K, Afonso CAM, Candeias NR. Pot-Economy Autooxidative Condensation of 2-Aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithianes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1948-1958. [PMID: 29334462 PMCID: PMC6150673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The autoxidative condensation of 2-aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithianes is here reported. Treatment of 2-aryl-1,3-dithianes with n-BuLi in the absence of any electrophile leads to condensation of three molecules of 1,3-dithianes and formation of highly functionalized α-thioether ketones orthothioesters in 51-89% yields upon air exposure. The method was further expanded to benzaldehyde dithioacetals, affording corresponding orthothioesters and α-thioether ketones in 48-97% yields. The experimental results combined with density functional theory studies support a mechanism triggered by the autoxidation of 2-aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithianes to yield a highly reactive thioester that undergoes condensation with two other molecules of 2-aryl-2-lithio-1,3-dithiane.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Vale
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland.,Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tatu Rimpiläinen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Sievänen
- University of Jyvaskyla , Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla , Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carlos A M Afonso
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno R Candeias
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33101 Tampere, Finland
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Kaur T, Wadhwa P, Sharma A. Arylsulfonylmethyl isocyanides: a novel paradigm in organic synthesis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC), an α-acidic isocyanide has emerged as a privileged reagent to access biologically relevant fused heterocycles and some natural products like (−)-ushikulide A, variolin B, porphobilinogen and mansouramycin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Preeti Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
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