1
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Liu HL, Li XT, Tian HZ, Sun XW. Unexpected Insertion of Nitrogen into a C-C Bond: Access to 2,3-Disubstituted Quinazolinone Scaffolds. Org Lett 2021; 23:4579-4583. [PMID: 34061550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel, practical, highly efficient, and transition metal free nitrogen insertion reaction for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinone derivatives was developed. Diverse functionalized 3-indolinone-2-carboxylates and nitrosoarenes with a wide range of substituted nitrosobenzenes, nitrosopyridines, dibenzofuranyl, or dibenzothienyl nitroso compounds worked smoothly to give 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinone derivatives in good to excellent yields (69-98%). A gram-scale reaction was achieved, and an afloqualone analogue was synthesized under the mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Heng-Zhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing-Wen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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2
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Akester JN, Njaria P, Nchinda A, Le Manach C, Myrick A, Singh V, Lawrence N, Njoroge M, Taylor D, Moosa A, Smith AJ, Brooks EJ, Lenaerts AJ, Robertson GT, Ioerger TR, Mueller R, Chibale K. Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Mechanistic Studies of Aminoquinazolinones Displaying Antimycobacterial Activity. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1951-1964. [PMID: 32470286 PMCID: PMC7359024 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Phenotypic whole-cell screening against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in glycerol–alanine–salts
supplemented with Tween 80 and iron (GASTE-Fe) media led to the identification
of a 2-aminoquinazolinone hit compound, sulfone 1 which
was optimized for solubility by replacing the sulfone moiety with
a sulfoxide 2. The synthesis and structure–activity
relationship (SAR) studies identified several compounds with potent
antimycobacterial activity, which were metabolically stable and noncytotoxic.
Compound 2 displayed favorable in vitro properties and was therefore selected for in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies where it was found to be extensively
metabolized to the sulfone 1. Both derivatives exhibited
promising PK parameters; however, when 2 was evaluated
for in vivo efficacy in an acute TB infection mouse
model, it was found to be inactive. In order to understand the in vitro and in vivo discrepancy, compound 2 was subsequently retested in vitro using
different Mtb strains cultured in different media.
This revealed that activity was only observed in media containing
glycerol and led to the hypothesis that glycerol was not used as a
primary carbon source by Mtb in the mouse lungs,
as has previously been observed. Support for this hypothesis was provided
by spontaneous-resistant mutant generation and whole genome sequencing
studies, which revealed mutations mapping to glycerol metabolizing
genes indicating that the 2-aminoquinazolinones kill Mtb in
vitro via a glycerol-dependent mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Akester
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Paul Njaria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Aloysius Nchinda
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Claire Le Manach
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Alissa Myrick
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Nina Lawrence
- H3D, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- H3D, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- H3D, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Atica Moosa
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Anthony J. Smith
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Brooks
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Anne J. Lenaerts
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Gregory T. Robertson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3112, United States
| | - Rudolf Mueller
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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3
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Hassaan E, Hohn C, Ehrmann FR, Goetzke FW, Movsisyan L, Hüfner-Wulsdorf T, Sebastiani M, Härtsch A, Reuter K, Diederich F, Klebe G. Fragment Screening Hit Draws Attention to a Novel Transient Pocket Adjacent to the Recognition Site of the tRNA-Modifying Enzyme TGT. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6802-6820. [PMID: 32515955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fragment-based lead discovery was applied to tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, an enzyme modifying post-transcriptionally tRNAs in Shigella, the causative agent of shigellosis. TGT inhibition prevents translation of Shigella's virulence factor VirF, hence reducing pathogenicity. One discovered fragment opens a transient subpocket in the preQ1-recognition site by pushing back an aspartate residue. This step is associated with reorganization of further amino acids structurally transforming a loop adjacent to the recognition site by duplicating the volume of the preQ1-recognition pocket. We synthesized 6-carboxamido-, 6-hydrazido-, and 4-guanidino-benzimidazoles to target the opened pocket, including a dihydro-imidazoquinazoline with a propyn-1-yl exit vector pointing into the transient pocket and displacing a conserved water network. MD simulations and hydration-site analysis suggest water displacement to contribute favorably to ligand binding. A cysteine residue, exclusively present in bacterial TGTs, serves as gatekeeper of the transient subpocket. It becomes accessible upon pocket opening for selective covalent attachment of electrophilic ligands in eubacterial TGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Hassaan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hohn
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frederik R Ehrmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - F Wieland Goetzke
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Levon Movsisyan
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Hüfner-Wulsdorf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Maurice Sebastiani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Härtsch
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Reuter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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4
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Das S, Bhattacharjee J, Panda TK. Guanylation/cyclisation of amino acid esters using an imidazolin-2-iminato titanium initiator. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7227-7235. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydroamination of amino acid esters with carbodiimides and isocyanates to furnish corresponding quinazolinone and urea derivatives using two TiIV complexes under mild conditions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Sangareddy 502285
- India
| | - Jayeeta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Sangareddy 502285
- India
| | - Tarun K. Panda
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
- Sangareddy 502285
- India
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5
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Radhakrishnan K, Das S, Kundu LM. Synthesis of Size‐Expanded Nucleobase Analogues for Artificial Base‐Pairing Using a Ligand‐Free, Microwave‐Assisted Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Radhakrishnan
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Assam India
| | - Soumi Das
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Assam India
| | - Lal Mohan Kundu
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati 781039 Assam India
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6
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Ehrmann FR, Kalim J, Pfaffeneder T, Bernet B, Hohn C, Schäfer E, Botzanowski T, Cianférani S, Heine A, Reuter K, Diederich F, Klebe G. Austausch der Proteinkontaktflächen in der homodimeren tRNA-Guanin-Transglycosylase: ein Weg der funktionellen Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Rainer Ehrmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Jorna Kalim
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Toni Pfaffeneder
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Bruno Bernet
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Christoph Hohn
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Elisabeth Schäfer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique; Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178; 67000 Strasbourg Frankreich
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique; Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178; 67000 Strasbourg Frankreich
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Klaus Reuter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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7
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Ehrmann FR, Kalim J, Pfaffeneder T, Bernet B, Hohn C, Schäfer E, Botzanowski T, Cianférani S, Heine A, Reuter K, Diederich F, Klebe G. Swapping Interface Contacts in the Homodimeric tRNA-Guanine Transglycosylase: An Option for Functional Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10085-10090. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Rainer Ehrmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Jorna Kalim
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Toni Pfaffeneder
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bruno Bernet
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hohn
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Schäfer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique; Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique; Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Reuter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
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8
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Movsisyan LD, Schäfer E, Nguyen A, Ehrmann FR, Schwab A, Rossolini T, Zimmerli D, Wagner B, Daff H, Heine A, Klebe G, Diederich F. Sugar Acetonides are a Superior Motif for Addressing the Large, Solvent-Exposed Ribose-33 Pocket of tRNA-Guanine Transglycosylase. Chemistry 2018; 24:9957-9967. [PMID: 29939431 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal disease shigellosis caused by Shigella bacteria affects over 120 million people annually. There is an urgent demand for new drugs as resistance against common antibiotics emerges. Bacterial tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) is a druggable target and controls the pathogenicity of Shigella flexneri. We report the synthesis of sugar-functionalized lin-benzoguanines addressing the ribose-33 pocket of TGT from Zymomonas mobilis. Ligand binding was analyzed by isothermal titration calorimetry and X-ray crystallography. Pocket occupancy was optimized by variation of size and protective groups of the sugars. The participation of a polycyclic water-cluster in the recognition of the sugar moiety was revealed. Acetonide-protected ribo- and psicofuranosyl derivatives are highly potent, benefiting from structural rigidity, good solubility, and metabolic stability. We conclude that sugar acetonides have a significant but not yet broadly recognized value in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon D Movsisyan
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Schäfer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Nguyen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederik R Ehrmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anatol Schwab
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rossolini
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Zimmerli
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Discovery Technologies, Bldg 92, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Wagner
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Discovery Technologies, Bldg 92, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hamina Daff
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Discovery Technologies, Bldg 92, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Lu C, Gong C, Zhao B, Hu L, Yao Y. RE[N(SiMe3)2]3-Catalyzed Guanylation/Cyclization of Amino Acid Esters and Carbodiimides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1154-1159. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Liao ZY, Yeh WH, Liao PY, Liu YT, Chen YC, Chen YH, Hsieh TH, Lin CC, Lu MH, Chen YS, Hsu MC, Li TK, Chien TC. Regioselective synthesis and biological evaluation ofN-substituted 2-aminoquinazolin-4-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4482-4494. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of methyl anthranilates withN-arylcyanamides can selectively form two different regioisomericN-substituted 2-aminoquinazolin-4-one derivatives.
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11
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Klewe A, Kruse T, Lindel T. Aminopyrazine Pathway to the Moco Metabolite Dephospho Form A. Chemistry 2017; 23:11230-11233. [PMID: 28688127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the molybdopterin/molybdenum cofactor (Moco) oxidation product dephospho Form A is described that assembles the pteridinone system starting from an iodinated aminopyrazine. The sodium salt of dephospho Form A could be purified by precipitation from methanol, which paved the way to the title compound in the 100 mg range. By HPLC, the synthetic material was compared with a sample isolated from a recombinant Moco containing protein. Analysis of dephospho Form A is the only method that allows the quantification of the Moco content of crude cell extracts and recombinant protein preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Klewe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Kruse
- Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Rovira AR, Fin A, Tor Y. Expanding a fluorescent RNA alphabet: synthesis, photophysics and utility of isothiazole-derived purine nucleoside surrogates. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2983-2993. [PMID: 28451365 PMCID: PMC5380116 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of emissive ribonucleoside purine mimics, all comprised of an isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine core, was prepared using a divergent pathway involving a key Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization. In addition to an adenosine and a guanosine mimic, analogues of the noncanonical xanthosine, isoguanosine, and 2-aminoadenosine were also synthesized and found to be emissive. Isothiazolo 2-aminoadenosine, an adenosine surrogate, was found to be particularly emissive and effectively deaminated by adenosine deaminase. Competitive studies with adenosine deaminase with each analogue in combination with native adenosine showed preference for the native substrate while still deaminating the isothiazolo analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Rovira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA .
| | - Andrea Fin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA .
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA .
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13
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Shelke RU, Degani MS, Raju A, Ray MK, Rajan MGR. Fragment Discovery for the Design of Nitrogen Heterocycles asMycobacterium tuberculosisDihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:602-13. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh U. Shelke
- Institute of Chemical Technology; Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga; Mumbai India
| | - Mariam S. Degani
- Institute of Chemical Technology; Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga; Mumbai India
| | - Archana Raju
- Institute of Chemical Technology; Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga; Mumbai India
| | - Mukti Kanta Ray
- Radiation Medicine Centre; Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel; Mumbai India
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14
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Abstract
An evolved fluorescent ribonucleoside alphabet comprising isomorphic purine ((tz)A, (tz)G) and pyrimidine ((tz)U, (tz)C) analogues, all derived from isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine as a common heterocyclic core, is described. Structural and biochemical analyses illustrate that the nucleosides, particularly the C-nucleosidic purine analogues, are faithful isomorphic and isofunctional surrogates of their natural counterparts and show improved features when compared to an RNA alphabet derived from thieno[3,4-d]-pyrimidine. The restoration of the nitrogen in a position equivalent to the purines' N7 leads to "isofunctional" behavior, as illustrated by the ability of adenosine deaminase to deaminate (tz)A as effectively as adenosine, the native substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Rovira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Andrea Fin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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