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Mata AI, Pereira NAM, Cardoso AL, Nascimento BFO, Pineiro M, Schaberle FA, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Brito RMM, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Novel Foscan®-derived ring-fused chlorins for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117443. [PMID: 37634417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established anticancer treatment that combines the use of a photosensitiser (PS) and a light source of a specific wavelength for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are toxic to the tumour cells. Foscan® (mTHPC) is a clinically-approved chlorin used for the PDT treatment of advanced head and neck, prostate and pancreatic cancers but is characterized by being photochemically unstable and associated with prolonged skin photosensitivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of new 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused chlorins, having the meso-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)macrocycle core of mTHPC, by exploring the [8π + 2π] cycloaddition of a meso-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin derivative with diazafulvenium methides. These chlorins have photochemical properties similar to Foscan® but are much more photostable. Among the novel compounds, two chlorins with a hydroxymethyl group and its azide derivative present in the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused system, are promising photodynamic agents with activity in the 100 nM range against triple-negative breast cancer cells and, in the case of azidomethyl chlorin, a safer phototherapeutic index compared to Foscan®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Mata
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson A M Pereira
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana L Cardoso
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno F O Nascimento
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia C Gomes-da-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui M M Brito
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; BSIM Therapeutics, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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2
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Laranjo M, Pereira NAM, Oliveira ASR, Campos Aguiar M, Brites G, Nascimento BFO, Serambeque B, Costa BDP, Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS, Pineiro M, Botelho MF, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Ring-Fused meso-Tetraarylchlorins as Auspicious PDT Sensitizers: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Photophysics, and Biological Evaluation. Front Chem 2022; 10:873245. [PMID: 35572112 PMCID: PMC9091369 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.873245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused meso-tetraarylchlorins, with different degrees of hydrophilicity (with methyl ester, hydroxymethyl, and carboxylic acid moieties), have been synthesized and their photophysical characterization as well as in vitro photocytotoxicity assessment against human melanoma and esophageal and bladder carcinomas was carried out. An integrated analysis of the photosensitizers’ performance, considering the singlet oxygen generation data, cell internalization, and intracellular localization, allowed to establish relevant structure-photoactivity relationships and the rationalization of the observed photocytotoxicity. In the diacid and monoalcohol series, chlorins derived from meso-tetraphenylporphyrin proved to be the most efficient photodynamic therapy agents, showing IC50 values of 68 and 344 nM against A375 cells, respectively. These compounds were less active against OE19 and HT1376 cells, the diacid chlorin with IC50 values still in the nano-molar range, whereas the monohydroxymethyl-chlorin showed significantly higher IC50 values. The lead di(hydroxymethyl)-substituted meso-tetraphenylchlorin confirmed its remarkable photoactivity with IC50 values below 75 nM against the studied cancer cell lines. Subcellular accumulation of this chlorin in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson A. M. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia S. R. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Márcia Campos Aguiar
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Brites
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno F. O. Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Serambeque
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruna D. P. Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo,
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3
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Pereira NAM, Laranjo M, Nascimento BFO, Simões JCS, Pina J, Costa BDP, Brites G, Braz J, Seixas de Melo JS, Pineiro M, Botelho MF, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Novel fluorinated ring-fused chlorins as promising PDT agents against melanoma and esophagus cancer. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:615-627. [PMID: 34046633 PMCID: PMC8128062 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused chlorins, derived from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, as PDT agents against melanoma and esophagus cancer is disclosed. Diol and diester fluorinated ring-fused chlorins, including derivatives with 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanamino groups at the phenyl rings, were obtained via a two-step methodology, combining SNAr and [8π + 2π] cycloaddition reactions. The short-chain PEG groups at the para-position of the phenyl rings together with the diol moiety at the fused pyrazole ring promote a red-shift of the Soret band, a decrease of the fluorescence quantum yield and an increase of the singlet oxygen formation quantum yield, improving the photophysical characteristics required to act as a photosensitizer. Introduction of these hydrophilic groups also improves the incorporation of the sensitizers by the cells reaching cellular uptake values of nearly 50% of the initial dose. The rational design led to a photosensitizer with impressive IC50 values, 13 and 27 nM against human melanoma and esophageal carcinoma cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson A M Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Bruno F O Nascimento
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - João C S Simões
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - João Pina
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Bruna D P Costa
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Brites
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - João Braz
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - J Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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4
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Comprehensive review of photophysical parameters (ε, Φf, τs) of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) – Critical benchmark molecules in photochemistry and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Platinum(II) ring-fused chlorins as efficient theranostic agents: Dyes for tumor-imaging and photodynamic therapy of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112468. [PMID: 32512486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of Pt-chlorin-type theranostic agents is described. Luminescent Pt(II) 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused chlorins, with different degrees of hydrophilicity, have been synthesized and their in vitro photocytotoxicity against human melanoma, oesophageal and bladder carcinomas was studied. A di(hydroxymethyl)-substituted chlorin was identified as a privileged molecule to explore imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. In addition to the high activity as PDT agent and absence of cytotoxicity per se, this molecule showed the ideal photophysical and photochemical properties. In vivo studies using a A375 melanoma mouse model, proved the extraordinary properties of this chlorin as a luminescent probe and the ability to impair tumor growth, making image guided treatment and follow up a possibility.
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6
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Nascimento BO, Laranjo M, Pereira NAM, Dias-Ferreira J, Piñeiro M, Botelho MF, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Ring-Fused Diphenylchlorins as Potent Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy Applications: In Vitro Tumor Cell Biology and in Vivo Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Studies. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17244-17250. [PMID: 31656898 PMCID: PMC6811853 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ring-fused diphenylchlorins as potent low-dose photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of bladder carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are described. All studied molecules were very active against HT1376 urinary bladder carcinoma and OE19 esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines, showing IC50 values below 50 nM. The in vivo evaluation of the more promising photosensitizer, using an OE19 tumor/chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model, showed a tumor weight regression of 33% with a single photodynamic therapy treatment with the photosensitizer dose as low as 37 ng/embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Institute and Institute for Clinical and
Biomedical Research
(iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty
of Medicine and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson A. M. Pereira
- CQC
and Department of Chemistry, University
of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Biophysics Institute and Institute for Clinical and
Biomedical Research
(iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty
of Medicine and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Piñeiro
- CQC
and Department of Chemistry, University
of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute and Institute for Clinical and
Biomedical Research
(iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty
of Medicine and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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Pinto SMA, Vinagreiro CS, Tomé VA, Piccirillo G, Damas L, Pereira MM. Nitrobenzene method: A keystone in meso-substituted halogenated porphyrin synthesis and applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article briefly describes the available synthetic approaches for meso-arylporphyrins giving particular emphasis for one-pot nitrobenzene and nitrobenzene/NaY methods regarding the synthesis of meso-halogenated arylporphyrins. The review also describes the relevant applications of these halogenated porphyrins and their metalloporphyrin counterparts, prepared via nitrobenzene method, as photosensitizers for therapy (PDT and PDI), diagnostic (molecular contrast agents) and also for catalytic oxidation and CO2 cycloaddition reactions to epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. A. Pinto
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina S. Vinagreiro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A. Tomé
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giusi Piccirillo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Damas
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Pereira NAM, Laranjo M, Pina J, Oliveira ASR, Ferreira JD, Sánchez-Sánchez C, Casalta-Lopes J, Gonçalves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Piñeiro M, Seixas de Melo JS, Botelho MF, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Advances on photodynamic therapy of melanoma through novel ring-fused 5,15-diphenylchlorins. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:395-408. [PMID: 29407966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysical behaviour and photosensitization ability of novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused 5,15-diphenylchlorins against melanoma cells are described. All studied chlorins were found to be extremely active against melanoma cell lines A375 showing IC50 values below 20 nM. Furthermore, a dihydroxymethyl diphenylchlorin was identified as an excellent candidate to allow modulating of different types of cell death, apoptosis vs. necrosis, by varying its concentration. This can be explored as a tool to improve the effectiveness of PDT since inflammatory response resulting from necrotic cell death after PDT can activate the antitumor immune response with implications also regarding the vascular damage. This feature combined with very low cytotoxicity against human melanoma cells in the absence of light activation and against human fibroblast HFF-1 cells makes this chlorin a candidate of choice as a photosensitizer for PDT. A comprehensive photophysical investigation including the determination of quantum yields for fluorescence, singlet oxygen sensitization and internal conversion, lifetimes and rate constants of all the excited state deactivation processes has been undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson A M Pereira
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia S R Oliveira
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Dias Ferreira
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Radiation Oncology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-993 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Piñeiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal; iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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9
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Pereira NAM, Laranjo M, Casalta-Lopes J, Serra AC, Piñeiro M, Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS, Senge MO, Botelho MF, Martelo L, Burrows HD, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Platinum(II) Ring-Fused Chlorins as Near-Infrared Emitting Oxygen Sensors and Photodynamic Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:310-315. [PMID: 28337322 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel near-infrared luminescent compounds based on platinum(II) 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused chlorins are described. These compounds have high photostability and display light emission, in particular simultaneous fluorescence and phosphorescence emission in solution at room temperature, in the biologically relevant 700-850 nm red and near-infrared (NIR) spectral region, making them excellent materials for biological imaging. The simultaneous presence of fluorescence and phosphorescence emission at room temperature, with the phosphorescence strongly quenched by oxygen whereas fluorescence remains unaffected, allows these compounds to be used as ratiometric oxygen sensors in chemical and biological media. Both steady-state (fluorescence vs phosphorescence intensities) and dynamic (dependence of phosphorescence lifetimes upon oxygen concentration) luminescence approaches can be used. Photocytotoxicity studies against human melanocytic melanoma cells (A375) indicate that these compounds display potential as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics
Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIMAGO−Center
of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI
Consortium, IBILI, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics
Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIMAGO−Center
of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI
Consortium, IBILI, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3004-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, CEMUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio
Lima Polo 2, 3030 290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Piñeiro
- CQC,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- CQC,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of
Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences
Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse
Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - M. Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics
Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Martelo
- CQC,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro
de Química-Física Molecular (CFQM), and the Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugh D. Burrows
- CQC,
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Synthetic Chlorins, Possible Surrogates for Chlorophylls, Prepared by Derivatization of Porphyrins. Chem Rev 2016; 117:344-535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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11
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Pinho e Melo TMVD. Chemistry of aza- and diazafulvenium methides in heterocyclic synthesis. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAza- and diazafulvenium methide systems are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pyrroles and pyrazoles. These extended dipoles participate in sigmatropic [1,8]H shifts and 1,7-electrocyclizations giving vinyl pyrroles and pyrazoles. Under flash vacuum pyrolysis conditions these heterocycles undergo interesting rearrangements. Aza- and diazafulvenium methides can be intercepted by dipolarophiles. Derivatives with carboxylate groups at C-4 and/or C-5 act exclusively as 1,7-dipoles affording products resulting from the addition across the 1,7-positions. These 1,7-cycloadducts include chlorin and bacteriochlorin type macrocycles as well as steroidal analogues, compounds with relevance in medicinal chemistry. In contrast with this chemical behavior, 5-trifluoromethylazafulvenium methides can participate in both 1,7- and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. The generation and reactivity of benzodiazafulvenium methides is also discussed.
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12
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Novel 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine fused chlorins as very active photodynamic agents for melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:374-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Jiang J, Chen CY, Zhang N, Vairaprakash P, Lindsey JS. Polarity-tunable and wavelength-tunable bacteriochlorins bearing a single carboxylic acid or NHS ester. Use in a protein bioconjugation model system. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
10 new near-infrared absorbing bacteriochlorins (soluble in aqueous or membranous media) are equipped for protein bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Nuonuo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
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14
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Lopes SMM, Correia CFO, Nunes SCC, Pereira NAM, Ferreira ARF, Sousa EP, Gomes CSB, Salvador JAR, Pais AACC, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Synthesis of chiral hexacyclic steroids via [8π + 2π] cycloaddition of diazafulvenium methides. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
16-Dehydropregnenolone acetate reacted with diazafulvenium methides to afford novel chiral 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M. M. Lopes
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Cátia F. O. Correia
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Sandra C. C. Nunes
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Nelson A. M. Pereira
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Ana R. F. Ferreira
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Emanuel P. Sousa
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | | | - Alberto A. C. C. Pais
- Centro de Química de Coimbra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Coimbra
- 3004-535 Coimbra
- Portugal
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15
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Jiang J, Reddy KR, Pavan MP, Lubian E, Harris MA, Jiao J, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Parkes-Loach PS, Loach PA, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Amphiphilic, hydrophilic, or hydrophobic synthetic bacteriochlorins in biohybrid light-harvesting architectures: consideration of molecular designs. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:187-202. [PMID: 24997120 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid light-harvesting architectures can be constructed that employ native-like bacterial photosynthetic antenna peptides as a scaffold to which synthetic chromophores are attached to augment overall spectral coverage. Synthetic bacteriochlorins are attractive to enhance capture of solar radiation in the photon-rich near-infrared spectral region. The effect of the polarity of the bacteriochlorin substituents on the antenna self-assembly process was explored by the preparation of a bacteriochlorin-peptide conjugate using a synthetic amphiphilic bacteriochlorin (B1) to complement prior studies using hydrophilic (B2, four carboxylic acids) or hydrophobic (B3) bacteriochlorins. The amphiphilic bioconjugatable bacteriochlorin B1 with a polar ammonium-terminated tail was synthesized by sequential Pd-mediated reactions of a 3,13-dibromo-5-methoxybacteriochlorin. Each bacteriochlorin bears a maleimido-terminated tether for attachment to a cysteine-containing analog of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides antenna β-peptide to give conjugates β-B1, β-B2, and β-B3. Given the hydrophobic nature of the β-peptide, the polarity of B1 and B2 facilitated purification of the respective conjugate compared to the hydrophobic B3. Bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) associates with each conjugate in aqueous micellar media to form a dyad containing two β-peptides, two covalently attached synthetic bacteriochlorins, and a datively bonded BChl-a pair, albeit to a limited extent for β-B2. The reversible assembly/disassembly of dyad (β-B2/BChl)2 was examined in aqueous detergent (octyl glucoside) solution by temperature variation (15-35 °C). The energy-transfer efficiency from the synthetic bacteriochlorin to the BChl-a dimer was found to be 0.85 for (β-B1/BChl)2, 0.40 for (β-B2/BChl)2, and 0.85 for (β-B3/BChl)2. Thus, in terms of handling, assembly and energy-transfer efficiency taken together, the amphiphilic design examined herein is more attractive than the prior hydrophilic or hydrophobic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
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16
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Peláez WJ, Pepino AJ, Argüello GA, Pinho e Melo TMVD. 1-Methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)azafulvenium Methide, an Intermediate That Undergoes Reaction through “Unusual”cis-exo-1,3- andtrans-exo-1,7-Cycloadditions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Jiang J, Vairaprakash P, Reddy KR, Sahin T, Pavan MP, Lubian E, Lindsey JS. Hydrophilic tetracarboxy bacteriochlorins for photonics applications. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:86-103. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41791c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Peláez WJ, Pinho e Melo TM. Synthesis and thermal reactivity of 3-benzyl-7-trifluoromethyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazole-2,2-dioxide. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Reddy KR, Jiang J, Krayer M, Harris MA, Springer JW, Yang E, Jiao J, Niedzwiedzki DM, Pandithavidana D, Parkes-Loach PS, Kirmaier C, Loach PA, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Palette of lipophilic bioconjugatable bacteriochlorins for construction of biohybrid light-harvesting architectures. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22317e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Reddy KR, Lubian E, Pavan MP, Kim HJ, Yang E, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Synthetic bacteriochlorins with integral spiro-piperidine motifs. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj41161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Soares MIL, Nunes CM, Gomes CSB, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Thiazolo[3,4-b]indazole-2,2-dioxides as Masked Extended Dipoles: Pericyclic Reactions of Benzodiazafulvenium Methides. J Org Chem 2012; 78:628-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302463q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. L. Soares
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M. Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural,
Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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22
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Yu Z, Ptaszek M. Multifunctional bacteriochlorins from selective palladium-coupling reactions. Org Lett 2012; 14:3708-11. [PMID: 22783931 DOI: 10.1021/ol3015545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonsymmetrical, multifunctional bacteriochlorin derivatives possessing different substituents at the β-pyrrolic positions have been prepared by stepwise, selective functionalization of 3,13-dibromo-5-methoxybacteriochlorin via palladium-coupling reactions. The new derivatives reported here include monovalent bioconjugatable bacteriochlorin, orthogonally protected bacteriochlorin amino acid, and push-pull bacteriochlorins. Taken together, this study provides a route to previously unavailable bacteriochlorin architectures for fundamental studies and diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqian Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mass
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204,
United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204,
United States
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