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Benzyl Alcohol/Salicylaldehyde-Type Polyketide Metabolites of Fungi: Sources, Biosynthesis, Biological Activities, and Synthesis. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010019. [PMID: 36662192 PMCID: PMC9860963 DOI: 10.3390/md21010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microorganisms are an important source of natural polyketides, which have become a significant reservoir of lead structures for drug design due to their diverse biological activities. In this review, we provide a summary of the resources, structures, biological activities, and proposed biosynthetic pathways of the benzyl alcohol/salicylaldehyde-type polyketides. In addition, the total syntheses of these secondary metabolites from their discoveries to the present day are presented. This review could be helpful for researchers in the total synthesis of complex natural products and the use of polyketide bioactive molecules for pharmacological purposes and applications in medicinal chemistry.
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2
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Bouthillette LM, Aniebok V, Colosimo DA, Brumley D, MacMillan JB. Nonenzymatic Reactions in Natural Product Formation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14815-14841. [PMID: 36006409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic mechanisms of natural products primarily depend on systems of protein catalysts. However, within the field of biosynthesis, there are cases in which the inherent chemical reactivity of metabolic intermediates and substrates evades the involvement of enzymes. These reactions are difficult to characterize based on their reactivity and occlusion within the milieu of the cellular environment. As we continue to build a strong foundation for how microbes and higher organisms produce natural products, therein lies a need for understanding how protein independent or nonenzymatic biosynthetic steps can occur. We have classified such reactions into four categories: intramolecular, multicomponent, tailoring, and light-induced reactions. Intramolecular reactions is one of the most well studied in the context of biomimetic synthesis, consisting of cyclizations and cycloadditions due to the innate reactivity of the intermediates. There are two subclasses that make up multicomponent reactions, one being homologous multicomponent reactions which results in dimeric and pseudodimeric natural products, and the other being heterologous multicomponent reactions, where two or more precursors from independent biosynthetic pathways undergo a variety of reactions to produce the mature natural product. The third type of reaction discussed are tailoring reactions, where postmodifications occur on the natural products after the biosynthetic machinery is completed. The last category consists of light-induced reactions involving ecologically relevant UV light rather than high intensity UV irradiation that is traditionally used in synthetic chemistry. This review will cover recent nonenzymatic biosynthetic mechanisms and include sources for those reviewed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Bouthillette
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Victor Aniebok
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Dominic A Colosimo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390 United States
| | - David Brumley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390 United States
| | - John B MacMillan
- Deparment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390 United States
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3
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Motoyama T, Yun CS, Osada H. Biosynthesis and biological function of secondary metabolites of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab058. [PMID: 34379774 PMCID: PMC8788799 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi have many secondary metabolism genes and produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites with complex and unique structures. However, the role of most secondary metabolites remains unclear. Moreover, most fungal secondary metabolism genes are silent or poorly expressed under laboratory conditions and are difficult to utilize. Pyricularia oryzae, the causal pathogen of rice blast disease, is a well-characterized plant pathogenic fungus. P. oryzae also has a large number of secondary metabolism genes and appears to be a suitable organism for analyzing secondary metabolites. However, in case of this fungus, biosynthetic genes for only four groups of secondary metabolites have been well characterized. Among two of the four groups of secondary metabolites, biosynthetic genes were identified by activating secondary metabolism. These secondary metabolites include melanin, a polyketide compound required for rice infection; tenuazonic acid, a well-known mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi and biosynthesized by a unique nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase hybrid enzyme; nectriapyrones, antibacterial polyketide compounds produced mainly by symbiotic fungi, including plant pathogens and endophytes, and pyriculols, phytotoxic polyketide compounds. This review mainly focuses on the biosynthesis and biological functions of the four groups of P. oryzae secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Motoyama
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Choong-Soo Yun
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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4
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Furuyama Y, Motoyama T, Nogawa T, Kamakura T, Osada H. Dihydropyriculol produced by Pyricularia oryzae inhibits the growth of Streptomyces griseus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1290-1293. [DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Dihydropyriculol is a major secondary metabolite of Pyricularia oryzae. However, the biological activity of dihydropyriculol has not been reported. Here, we showed that dihydropyriculol has inhibitory activity against Streptomyces griseus. Localization analysis of dihydropyriculol revealed that dihydropyriculol could reach to S. griseus under confrontation culture. These results suggest that dihydropyriculol can be used as a chemical weapon against S. griseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Furuyama
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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5
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Furuyama Y, Motoyama T, Nogawa T, Hayashi T, Hirota H, Kiyota H, Kamakura T, Osada H. Controlling the production of phytotoxin pyriculol in Pyricularia oryzae by aldehyde reductase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:126-133. [DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pyricularia oryzae is one of the most devastating plant pathogens in the world. This fungus produces several secondary metabolites including the phytotoxin pyriculols, which are classified into 2 types: aldehyde form (pyriculol and pyriculariol) and alcohol form (dihydropyriculol and dihydropyriculariol). Although interconversion between the aldehyde form and alcohol form has been predicted, and the PYC10 gene for the oxidation of alcohol form to aldehyde is known, the gene responsible for the reduction of aldehyde to alcohol form is unknown. Furthermore, previous studies have predicted that alcohol analogs are biosynthesized via aldehyde analogs. Herein, we demonstrated that an aldo/keto reductase PYC7 is responsible for the reduction of aldehyde to alcohol congeners. The results indicate that aldehyde analogs are biosynthesized via alcohol analogs, contradicting the previous prediction. The results suggest that P. oryzae controls the amount of pyriculol analogs using two oxidoreductases, PYC7 and PYC10, thereby controlling the bioactivity of the phytotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Furuyama
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hayashi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirota
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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6
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Nagashima Y, Sasaki A, Hiraoka R, Onoda Y, Tanaka K, Wang ZY, Kuwana A, Sato Y, Suzuki Y, Izumi M, Kuwahara S, Nukina M, Kiyota H. Synthesis of (12R,13S)-pyriculariol and (12R,13S)-dihydropyriculariol revealed that the rice blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, produces these phytotoxins as racemates. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:134-142. [PMID: 33577655 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of assumed natural (12R,13S)-enantiomers of pyriculariol (1) and dihydropyriculariol (2), phytotoxins isolated from rice blast disease fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, was achieved using Wittig reaction or microwave-assisted Stille coupling reaction as the key step. The synthesis revealed that the natural 1 and 2 are racemates. Foliar application test on a rice leaf indicated that both the salicylaldehyde core and side chain were necessary for phytotoxic activity. The fungus is found to produce optically active phytotoxins when incubated with rotary shaker, but racemic ones when cultured using an aerated jar fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nagashima
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sasaki
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoya Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Onoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuki Kuwana
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Izumi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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7
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Motoyama T. Secondary Metabolites of the Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae: Biosynthesis and Biological Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8698. [PMID: 33218033 PMCID: PMC7698770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites with unique and complex structures. However, most fungal secondary metabolism genes are poorly expressed under laboratory conditions. Moreover, the relationship between pathogenicity and secondary metabolites remains unclear. To activate silent gene clusters in fungi, successful approaches such as epigenetic control, promoter exchange, and heterologous expression have been reported. Pyricularia oryzae, a well-characterized plant pathogenic fungus, is the causal pathogen of rice blast disease. P. oryzae is also rich in secondary metabolism genes. However, biosynthetic genes for only four groups of secondary metabolites have been well characterized in this fungus. Biosynthetic genes for two of the four groups of secondary metabolites have been identified by activating secondary metabolism. This review focuses on the biosynthesis and roles of the four groups of secondary metabolites produced by P. oryzae. These secondary metabolites include melanin, a polyketide compound required for rice infection; pyriculols, phytotoxic polyketide compounds; nectriapyrones, antibacterial polyketide compounds produced mainly by symbiotic fungi including endophytes and plant pathogens; and tenuazonic acid, a well-known mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi and biosynthesized by a unique NRPS-PKS enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Motoyama
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Kiyota H. Synthetic studies of biologically active natural products contributing to pesticide development. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:177-183. [PMID: 32913421 PMCID: PMC7453299 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.j20-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural product research, including total synthesis, is becoming increasingly important for the discovery of pesticide seeds and leads. Synthetic studies of biologically active compounds such as antibiotics (enacyloxins, polynactin, pamamycins, spirofungin A and B, glutarimides and antimycins), phytopathogenic toxins (pyricuol, pyriculariol, tabtoxinine-β-lactam, gigantenone, phomenone and phaseolinone), marine derived products (pteroenone, β-D-Asp-Gly, didemniselinolipid B, cortistatin A, sanctolide A and gizzerosine), POPs (dieldrin, endosulfan, HCB), plant hormones (abscisic acid and jasmonic acid), insect pheromones (endo-brevicomin etc.), especially using a variety of biotransformation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Kiyota
- Grad. Sch. Environmental & Life Science, Okayama University, 1–1–1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita, Okayama 700–8530, Japan
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9
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Ran H, Li SM. Fungal benzene carbaldehydes: occurrence, structural diversity, activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:240-263. [PMID: 32779678 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2020Fungal benzene carbaldehydes with salicylaldehydes as predominant representatives carry usually hydroxyl groups, prenyl moieties and alkyl side chains. They are found in both basidiomycetes and ascomycetes as key intermediates or end products of various biosynthetic pathways and exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities. The skeletons of the benzene carbaldehydes are usually derived from polyketide pathways catalysed by iterative fungal polyketide synthases. The aldehyde groups are formed by direct PKS releasing, reduction of benzoic acids or oxidation of benzyl alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huomiao Ran
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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10
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Mahesh G, Raghavaiah J, Sudhakar G. A unified approach to the salicylaldehyde containing polyketide natural products: Total synthesis of ent-pyriculol, ent-epipyriculol, ent-dihydropyriculol, ent-epidihydropyriculol, sordariol, sordarial, 12-methoxy sordariol, and agropyrenol. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Kiyota H. Synthetic Studies of Salicylaldehyde-type Phytotoxins Isolated from Rice Blast Fungus. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Kiyota
- Graduate School of Environmental & Life Sciences, Okayama University
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12
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Jacob S, Grötsch T, Foster AJ, Schüffler A, Rieger PH, Sandjo LP, Liermann JC, Opatz T, Thines E. Unravelling the biosynthesis of pyriculol in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:541-553. [PMID: 27902426 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pyriculol was isolated from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and found to induce lesion formation on rice leaves. These findings suggest that it could be involved in virulence. The gene MoPKS19 was identified to encode a polyketide synthase essential for the production of the polyketide pyriculol in the rice blast fungus M. oryzae. The transcript abundance of MoPKS19 correlates with the biosynthesis rate of pyriculol in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, gene inactivation of MoPKS19 resulted in a mutant unable to produce pyriculol, pyriculariol and their dihydro derivatives. Inactivation of a putative oxidase-encoding gene MoC19OXR1, which was found to be located in the genome close to MoPKS19, resulted in a mutant exclusively producing dihydropyriculol and dihydropyriculariol. By contrast, overexpression of MoC19OXR1 resulted in a mutant strain only producing pyriculol. The MoPKS19 cluster, furthermore, comprises two transcription factors MoC19TRF1 and MoC19TRF2, which were both found individually to act as negative regulators repressing gene expression of MoPKS19. Additionally, extracts of ΔMopks19 and ΔMoC19oxr1 made from axenic cultures failed to induce lesions on rice leaves compared to extracts of the wild-type strain. Consequently, pyriculol and its isomer pyriculariol appear to be the only lesion-inducing secondary metabolites produced by M. oryzae wild-type (MoWT) under these culture conditions. Interestingly, the mutants unable to produce pyriculol and pyriculariol were as pathogenic as MoWT, demonstrating that pyriculol is not required for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jacob
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Grötsch
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andrew J Foster
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anja Schüffler
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick H Rieger
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes C Liermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Weinforschung, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 15, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 56, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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13
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Antioxidant sordariol dimers from Sordaria macrospora and the absolute configuration determinations of their two simultaneous linear 1,2-diols. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Lin Z, Koch M, Abdel Aziz MH, Galindo-Murillo R, Tianero MD, Cheatham TE, Barrows LR, Reilly CA, Schmidt EW. Oxazinin A, a pseudodimeric natural product of mixed biosynthetic origin from a filamentous fungus. Org Lett 2014; 16:4774-7. [PMID: 25188821 PMCID: PMC4168773 DOI: 10.1021/ol502227x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A racemic, prenylated polyketide dimer, oxazinin A (1), was isolated from a novel filamentous fungus in the class Eurotiomycetes, and its structure was elucidated spectroscopically. The pentacyclic structure of oxazinin A (1) is a unique combination of benzoxazine, isoquinoline, and a pyran ring. Oxazinin A (1) exhibited antimycobacterial activity and modestly antagonized transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - May Hamdy Abdel Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Rodrigo Galindo-Murillo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Ma. Diarey Tianero
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Thomas E. Cheatham
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Louis R. Barrows
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Chris A. Reilly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, L. S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112 United States
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15
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Saito A, Hiramatsu K, Cao HQ, Nagashima Y, Tanaka K, Sasaki A, Yamada T, Kuwahara S, Nukina M, Kiyota H. 5-(2,2-Dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin)methanol: the synthetic precursor to o-formyl-m-hydroxycinnamic acid, the most oxidized salicylaldehyde-type phytotoxin isolated from rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2014-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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da Silva Araújo FD, de Lima Fávaro LC, Araújo WL, de Oliveira FL, Aparicio R, Marsaioli AJ. Epicolactone - Natural Product Isolated from the Sugarcane Endophytic Fungus Epicoccum nigrum. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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