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Wessely ID, Schade AM, Dey S, Bhunia A, Nuhnen A, Janiak C, Bräse S. Covalent Triazine Frameworks Based on the First Pseudo-Octahedral Hexanitrile Monomer via Nitrile Trimerization: Synthesis, Porosity, and CO 2 Gas Sorption Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3214. [PMID: 34200941 PMCID: PMC8230500 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first synthesis of covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) based on a hexanitrile monomer, namely the novel pseudo-octahedral hexanitrile 1,4-bis(tris(4'-cyano-phenyl)methyl)benzene 1 using both ionothermal reaction conditions with ZnCl2 at 400 °C and the milder reaction conditions with the strong Brønsted acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) at room temperature. Additionally, the hexanitrile was combined with different di-, tri-, and tetranitriles as a second linker based on recent work of mixed-linker CTFs, which showed enhanced carbon dioxide captures. The obtained framework structures were characterized via infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gas sorption measurements. Nitrogen adsorption measurements were performed at 77 K to determine the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas range from 493 m2/g to 1728 m2/g (p/p0 = 0.01-0.05). As expected, the framework CTF-hex6 synthesized from 1 with ZnCl2 possesses the highest surface area for nitrogen adsorption. On the other hand, the mixed framework structure CTF-hex4 formed from the hexanitrile 1 and 1,3,5 tricyanobenzene (4) shows the highest uptake of carbon dioxide and methane of 76.4 cm3/g and 26.6 cm3/g, respectively, at 273 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle D. Wessely
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (I.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Alexandra M. Schade
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (I.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
- Herbstreith & Fox GmbH & Co. KG Pektin-Fabriken, D-75305 Neuenbürg, Germany
| | - Subarna Dey
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.D.); (A.N.); (C.J.)
| | - Asamanjoy Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Alexander Nuhnen
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.D.); (A.N.); (C.J.)
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.D.); (A.N.); (C.J.)
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (I.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Abstract
Porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) represent an important category of porous solids. PAFs possess rigid frameworks and exceptionally high surface areas, and, uniquely, they are constructed from carbon-carbon-bond-linked aromatic-based building units. Various functionalities can either originate from the intrinsic chemistry of their building units or are achieved by postmodification of the aromatic motifs using established reactions. Specially, the strong carbon-carbon bonding renders PAFs stable under harsh chemical treatments. Therefore, PAFs exhibit specificity in their chemistry and functionalities compared with conventional porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks. The unique features of PAFs render them being tolerant of severe environments and readily functionalized by harsh chemical treatments. The research field of PAFs has experienced rapid expansion over the past decade, and it is necessary to provide a comprehensive guide to the essential development of the field at this stage. Regarding research into PAFs, the synthesis, functionalization, and applications are the three most important topics. In this thematic review, the three topics are comprehensively explained and aptly exemplified to shed light on developments in the field. Current questions and a perspective outlook will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education and Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education and Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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Janiszewski A, Fax J, Haberhauer G. Dimerization of substituted 4-aryl-1,3-diacetylenes – quantum chemical calculations and kinetic studies. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00119k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermal dimerization of 4-aryl-1,3-diacetylenes resulting in diradical intermediates were investigated by experimental and quantum chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Fax
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Duisburg-Essen
- D-45117 Essen
- Germany
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Gauthier S, Porter A, Achelle S, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Barsella A, Le Poul N, Guevara Level P, Jacquemin D, Robin-Le Guen F. Mono- and Diplatinum Polyynediyl Complexes as Potential Push–Pull Chromophores: Synthesis, Characterization, TD-DFT Modeling, and Photophysical and NLO Properties. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gauthier
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ariel Porter
- Center of Natural Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, Kentucky 41099, United States
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alberto Barsella
- Département d’Optique ultra-rapide et Nanophotonique, IPCMS-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Électrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 6 avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, CS
93837, F-29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Patricia Guevara Level
- Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Françoise Robin-Le Guen
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Lang M, Schade A, Bräse S. Synthesis of three-dimensional porous hyper-crosslinked polymers via thiol-yne reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 12:2570-2576. [PMID: 28144326 PMCID: PMC5238528 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the syntheses of two porous hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs) via thiol–yne reaction with rigid tetrahedral and pseudo-octahedral core structures. Sorption measurements with nitrogen gas at 77 K revealed BET-surface areas up to 650 m²/g. Those networks also showed a high thermal stability as well as insolubility in common organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Lang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schade
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Lehmann M, Peters EH, Mayor M. Linear Tetraphenylmethane-Based Thioether Oligomers Stabilising an Entire Gold Nanoparticle by Enwrapping. Chemistry 2016; 22:2261-5. [PMID: 26690321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a novel linear thioether-based ligand subunit with a tetraphenylmethane core used in the stabilisation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are presented. Mono-, tri, penta- and heptamers of the ligand have been synthesised and used to stabilise AuNPs by enwrapping. With the exception of the monomer, all ligands provide reliable long-term stability and redispersibility for the coated nanoparticles in common organic solvents. Despite variation of the oligomer length, all stable particles were of the same size within error tolerance (1.16±0.32 nm for the trimer, 1.15±0.30 nm for the pentamer, 1.17±0.34 nm for the heptamer), as investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These findings suggest that not only the number of sulfur atoms in the ligand, but also its bulkiness play a crucial role in stabilising the AuNPs. These findings are supported by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), showing that AuNPs stabilised by the penta- or heptamer are passivated by a single ligand. Thermal stability measurements suggest a correlation between ligand coverage and thermal stability, further supporting these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Henrik Peters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Institute for Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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Peschko K, Schade A, Vollrath SBL, Schwarz U, Luy B, Muhle-Goll C, Weis P, Bräse S. Dendrimer-Type Peptoid-Decorated Hexaphenylxylenes and Tetraphenylmethanes: Synthesis and Structure in Solution and in the Gas Phase. Chemistry 2014; 20:16273-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Suchaud V, Gavara L, Giraud F, Nauton L, Théry V, Anizon F, Moreau P. Synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3-a]phenanthridines, a new scaffold for Pim kinase inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4704-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schade A, Monnereau L, Muller T, Bräse S. Hexaphenyl-p-xylene: A Rigid Pseudo-Octahedral Core at the Service of Three-Dimensional Porous Frameworks. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Soccer goes BOXing: synthetic access to novel [6:0] hexakis[(bisoxazolinyl)methano]fullerenes. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2817. [PMID: 24085228 PMCID: PMC3788375 DOI: 10.1038/srep02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of [6:0] hexakis[(bisoxazolinyl)methano]fullerenes are presented. Two derivatives could be directly obtained using conditions developed by the Sun group. For the remaining products, a two stage protocol had to be developed. All compounds we obtained in synthetically useful scales and were purified via column chromatography with standard achiral phase. These new fullerene adducts bear six metal-chelation sites which are aligned in the three orthogonal space directions and are disposed on a completely rigid scaffold. First experiments indicate that the generation of six-fold metal-complexes is possible with these structures. This makes them very appealing as ligands in asymmetric catalysis and as building blocks in higher supra-molecular assemblies.
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