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Madden SK, de Araujo AD, Gerhardt M, Fairlie DP, Mason JM. Taking the Myc out of cancer: toward therapeutic strategies to directly inhibit c-Myc. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:3. [PMID: 33397405 PMCID: PMC7780693 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Myc is a transcription factor that is constitutively and aberrantly expressed in over 70% of human cancers. Its direct inhibition has been shown to trigger rapid tumor regression in mice with only mild and fully reversible side effects, suggesting this to be a viable therapeutic strategy. Here we reassess the challenges of directly targeting c-Myc, evaluate lessons learned from current inhibitors, and explore how future strategies such as miniaturisation of Omomyc and targeting E-box binding could facilitate translation of c-Myc inhibitors into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Madden
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Aline Dantas de Araujo
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC 1066 Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mara Gerhardt
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC 1066 Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Verzele D, Ruiz García Y, Madder A. Untapped Opportunities of Resin-to-Resin Transfer Reactions (RRTR) for the Convergent Assembly of Multivalent Peptide Conjugates. Chemistry 2020; 26:4701-4705. [PMID: 31997431 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Handling of the individual fragments remains a bottleneck in the convergent assembly of peptides. Overlooked since the emergence of ligation chemistries during the past two decades, so-called resin-to-resin transfer reactions (RRTR) are here described as a strategic shortcut in this context. Condensation of the involved moieties at an acceptor resin is facilitated by shuttling peptide segments directly from a donor resin in a one-pot fashion. The straightforward synthesis of a sterically constrained 13-mer peptidosteroid model illustrates the utility of this approach, presenting the first successful application of the RRTR methodology in the field of multivalent design and bioconjugation. Relying on established procedures to generate, monitor and isolate intermediates and products, the solid-phase nature of the entire strategy allows for the fast construction of polypeptide adducts and libraries thereof. As such, a rejuvenated use and new opportunities for RRTR are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Verzele
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yara Ruiz García
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Mikkelsen RJT, Grier KE, Mortensen KT, Nielsen TE, Qvortrup K. Photolabile Linkers for Solid-Phase Synthesis. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:377-399. [PMID: 29863839 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photolabile linkers are the subjects of intense research because they allow the release of the target molecule simply by irradiation. Photochemical release of synthesis products is often facilitated without additional reagents under mild reaction conditions, which may even be environmentally friendly and appealing in the context of greener chemistry. The mild conditions also allow for applications of released material in subsequent biological screening experiments, where contamination with cleavage reagents would be detrimental. This Review pays attention to the increasing number of photolabile linkers developed for solid-phase synthesis and release and covers: (i) o-nitrobenzyloxy linkers, (ii) o-nitrobenzylamino linkers, (iii) α-substituted o-nitrobenzyl linkers, (iv) o-nitroveratryl linkers, (v) phenacyl linkers, (vi) p-alkoxyphenacyl linkers, (vii) benzoin linkers, (viii) pivaloyl linkers, and (ix) other photolabile linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi J. T. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katja E. Grier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim T. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Ruiz García Y, Pabon-Martinez YV, Smith CIE, Madder A. Specific dsDNA recognition by a mimic of the DNA binding domain of the c-Myc/Max transcription factor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:6653-6656. [PMID: 28585621 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01705g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We here report on the synthesis of the first mimic of the DNA binding domain of the c-Myc/Max-bHLH-ZIP transcription factor able to selectively recognize its cognate E-box sequence 5'-CACGTG-3' through the major groove of the double-stranded DNA. The designed peptidosteroid conjugate was shown to be effective as DNA binder in the presence of excess competitor DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Ruiz García
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
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Boga S, Bouzada D, García Peña D, Vázquez López M, Vázquez ME. Sequence-Specific DNA Recognition with Designed Peptides. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Boga
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - David Bouzada
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Diego García Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Miguel Vázquez López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - M. Eugenio Vázquez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Ruiz García Y, Iyer A, Van Lysebetten D, Pabon YV, Louage B, Honcharenko M, De Geest BG, Smith CIE, Strömberg R, Madder A. Sequence-selective DNA recognition and enhanced cellular up-take by peptide-steroid conjugates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:17552-5. [PMID: 26477302 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several GCN4 bZIP TF models have previously been designed and synthesized. However, the synthetic routes towards these constructs are typically tedious and difficult. We here describe the substitution of the Leucine zipper domain of the protein by a deoxycholic acid derivative appending the two GCN4 binding region peptides through an optimized double azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reaction. In addition to achieving sequence specific dsDNA binding, we have investigated the potential of these compounds to enter cells. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry show the beneficial influence of the steroid on cell uptake. This unique synthetic model of the bZIP TF thus combines sequence specific dsDNA binding properties with enhanced cell-uptake. Given the unique properties of deoxycholic acid and the convergent nature of the synthesis, we believe this work represents a key achievement in the field of TF mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Ruiz García
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dorien Van Lysebetten
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Y Vladimir Pabon
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Benoit Louage
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Malgorzata Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), H2. Karolinska Institutet, Novum 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNut), H2. Karolinska Institutet, Novum 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Ruiz García Y, Zelenka J, Pabon YV, Iyer A, Buděšínský M, Kraus T, Smith CIE, Madder A. Cyclodextrin-peptide conjugates for sequence specific DNA binding. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:5273-8. [PMID: 25857557 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic models of bZIP transcription factors have been developed with the capability of specific DNA recognition. Our design is based on the CuAAC mediated conjugation of basic region Leucine Zipper peptides to different derivatives of α, β and γ-cyclodextrins equipped with azide functionalities. Thorough optimization of reaction conditions allowed convergent and simultaneous conjugation of two long unprotected cationic peptides to cyclodextrin-bis azide derivatives. The resulting constructs were shown to specifically recognize their cognate DNA sequence with nM affinities. In comparison with previously developed TF models, the derivatives described here combine the enhanced DNA binding capabilities with an easy and convergent synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Ruiz García
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Carrette LLG, Morii T, Madder A. Peptidosteroid Tweezers Revisited: DNA Binding Through an Optimised Design. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Clemmen A, Boutton C, Vanlandschoot P, Wittelsberger A, Borghmans I, Coppens A, Casteels P, Madder A. Straightforward synthesis of cholic acid stabilized loop mimetics. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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