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Parui N, Mandal T, Maiti S, Dash J. Efficient Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b]indoles and Cyclohepta[b]indole-Indoline Conjugates via RCM, Hydrogenation, and Acid-Catalyzed Ring Expansion: A Biomimetic Approach. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401059. [PMID: 38623002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyclohepta[b]indoles, prevalent in natural products and pharmaceuticals, are conventionally accessed via metal or Lewis acid-mediated cycloadditions with prefunctionalized substrates. Our study introduces an innovative sequential catalytic assembly for synthesizing cyclohepta[b]indoles from readily available isatin derivatives. The process involves three catalytic sequences: ring-closing metathesis, catalytic hydrogenation, and acid-catalyzed ring expansion. The RCM of 2,2-dialkene-3-oxindoles, formed by butenyl Grignard addition to 3-allyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles, yields versatile spirocyclohexene-3-oxindole derivatives. These derivatives undergo further transformations, including dibromination, dihydroxylation, epoxidation, Wacker oxidation at the double bond. Hydrogenation of spirocyclohexene-3-oxindole yields spirocyclohexane-3-oxindoles. Their subsequent acid-catalyzed ring expansion/aromatization, dependent on the acid catalyst, results in either cyclohepta[b]indoles or cyclohepta[b]indole-indoline conjugates, adding a unique synthetic dimension. The utility of this methodology is exemplified through the synthesis of an A-FABP inhibitor, showcasing its potential in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Parui
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Maiti
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of chemical sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, 700032, Kolkata, India
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2
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Gharpure SJ, Kumari S. Cascade radical cyclization on 3-propargyl-2-alkenyl indole gives stereoselective access to cyclohepta[ b]indole over carbazole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:538-541. [PMID: 38050781 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
A protecting group-dependent diastereoselective synthesis of cyclohepta[b]indole over carbazole derivatives is developed. This strategy involves a regioselective 6-exo-trig radical cyclization-cyclopropanation-ring expansion cascade of 3-propargyl-2-alkenyl indole. The cascade radical cyclization was also performed on indole derivatives possessing alkyne, acrylate and vinylogous carbamate moieties, which delivered pyridocarbazole giving credence to the mechanistic hypothesis. Furthermore, cyclohepta[b]indole could be selectively converted to sulfone and sulfoxide as well as benzoazulenoindole via intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Sanyog Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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3
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Vavsari VF, Nikbakht A, Balalaie S. Annulation of 2‐Alkynylanilines: The Versatile Chemical Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaezeh Fathi Vavsari
- KN Toosi: KN Toosi University of Technology Chemistry IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Ali Nikbakht
- K N Toosi University of Technology Faculty of General Science Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Kavian 9, Dr. Shariati Street 15875-4416 Tehran IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- K N Toosi University of Technology Faculty of General Science Chemistry Department PO Box 15875-4416 15875-4416 Tehran IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
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5
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Li Y, Li Z, Zhang Z. A computational study on NHC-Catalyzed [3+4] annulation between isatin-derived enal and aurone-derived azadiene: Insights into mechanism and stereoselectivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Pirovano V, Brambilla E, Moretti A, Rizzato S, Abbiati G, Nava D, Rossi E. Synthesis of Cyclohepta[ b]indoles by (4 + 3) Cycloaddition of 2-Vinylindoles or 4 H-Furo[3,2- b]indoles with Oxyallyl Cations. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3265-3276. [PMID: 31975604 PMCID: PMC7997566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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The synthesis of cyclohepta[b]indole derivatives
through the dearomative (4 + 3) cycloaddition reaction of 2-vinylindoles
or 4H-furo[3,2-b]indoles with in
situ generated oxyallyl cations is reported. Oxyallyl cations are
generated from α-bromoketones in the presence of a base and
a perfluorinated solvent. Cyclohepta[b]indole scaffolds
are obtained under mild reaction conditions, in the absence of expensive
catalysts, starting from simple reagents, in good to excellent yields
and with complete diasteroselectivity. Preliminary expansion of the
scope to 3-vinylindoles and to aza-oxyallyl cations is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Brambilla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Abbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Nava
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche-Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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7
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Thopate SB, Jadhav SB, Nanubolu JB, Chegondi R. Stereoselective Desymmetrization of Cyclohexadienone-Tethered Enones: Efficient Access to Highly Strained Polycyclic Indoles. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish B. Thopate
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Sandip B. Jadhav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | | | - Rambabu Chegondi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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Parker AN, Martin MC, Shenje R, France S. Calcium-Catalyzed Formal [5 + 2] Cycloadditions of Alkylidene β-Ketoesters with Olefins: Chemodivergent Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohepta[b]indole Derivatives. Org Lett 2019; 21:7268-7273. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel N. Parker
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. Cynthia Martin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Raynold Shenje
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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9
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Jadhav AS, Pankhade YA, Vijaya Anand R. Exploring Gold Catalysis in a 1,6-Conjugate Addition/Domino Electrophilic Cyclization Cascade: Synthesis of Cyclohepta[b]indoles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8615-8626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet S. Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City,
Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab 140306, India
| | - Yogesh A. Pankhade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City,
Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City,
Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab 140306, India
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10
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Li Y, Zhu CZ, Zhang J. Gold-Catalyzed [4+3] Cycloaddition/C-H Functionalization Cascade: Regio- and Diastereoselective Route to Cyclohepta[b
]indoles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chao-Ze Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China Normal University; 3663 N. Zhongshan Road 200062 Shanghai P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS; 345 Lingling Road 200032 Shanghai China
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11
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Nagy E, Lepore SD. Alkyne Cycloadditions Mediated by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride: A Unified and Diversifiable Route to Isoxazolines and Pyrazolines. Org Lett 2017; 19:3695-3698. [PMID: 28682079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A versatile approach to isoxazolines and pyrazolines by the cyclization of alkyne substrates using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is described. The reported diheteroatom cycles were produced under mild reaction conditions and with broad product scope. Evidence is also provided for a vinyl anion intermediate produced under unusually mild conditions, which was trapped in situ as part of a tandem cyclization/aldehyde addition sequence. Finally, a deprotection/functionalization method is described, leading to a substituted pyrazoline in good diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Nagy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida 33431-0991, United States
| | - Salvatore D Lepore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton, Florida 33431-0991, United States
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12
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Yao T, Liu T, Zhang C. Palladium-catalyzed domino Heck/intermolecular cross-coupling: efficient synthesis of 4-alkylated isoquinoline derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2386-2389. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc10075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a σ-alkylpalladium(ii) intermediate promoting cyclization of alkynes containing a proximate nucleophilic center is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanli Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Changhui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
- Xi'an
- China
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13
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Minami H, Kanayama T, Tanaka R, Okamoto N, Sueda T, Yanada R. Regioselective Arylative Ring-Closing Reaction of 2-Alkynylphenyl Derivatives: Formation of Arylated Benzoxazin-2-ones, Benzoxazin-2-amines and 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hiroshima International University; 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai 737-0112 Kure, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Takuya Kanayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hiroshima International University; 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai 737-0112 Kure, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Reishi Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hiroshima International University; 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai 737-0112 Kure, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Noriko Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hiroshima International University; 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai 737-0112 Kure, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Takuya Sueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hiroshima International University; 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai 737-0112 Kure, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Reiko Yanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hiroshima International University; 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai 737-0112 Kure, Hiroshima Japan
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14
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Stempel E, Gaich T. Cyclohepta[b]indoles: A Privileged Structure Motif in Natural Products and Drug Design. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2390-2402. [PMID: 27709885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Seven-membered rings fused with an indole are termed cyclohepta[b]indoles. Compounds exhibiting this structure motif display a broad spectrum of biological activities, ranging from inhibition of adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (A-FABP), deacetylation of histones, inhibition of leukotriene production p53, antituberculosis activities, and anti-HIV activities. These biological profiles are found in natural products containing the cyclohepta[b]indole motif, as well as in pharmaceuticals that contain this structure motif. Therefore, the biology of molecules derived from the skeleton of cyclohepta[b]indoles, as well as cyclopenta- and cyclohexa[b]indoles, has attracted considerable interest from the pharmaceutical industry as potential therapeutics in recent years. This is reflected by more than two dozen patents that have been issued in the past decade, solely based on the cyclohepta[b]indole structure motif. The efficient preparation of highly functionalized and unsymmetrically substituted cyclohepta[b]indoles has therefore become of central interest for synthetic organic chemists. Historically, this structure motif most often has been prepared by means of a Fischer indole synthesis. Although very robust and useful, this reaction poses certain limitations. Especially unsymmetrically functionalized cyclohepta[b]indoles are not suitable for a Fischer indole type synthesis, since product mixtures are inevitable. Therefore, novel methodologies to overcome these synthetic obstacles have been developed in recent years. This Account introduces all natural products and pharmaceutical compounds exhibiting the cyclohepta[b]indole motif. The structural variability within cyclohepta[b]indole alkaloids in combination with the broad range of organisms where these alkaloids have been isolated from, strongly suggests that the cyclohepta[b]indole is somehow a "privileged" structure motif. The organisms producing these compounds range from evergreen trees (actinophyllic acid) to cyanobacteria (ambiguinines). The synthetic methodologies to construct these molecular scaffolds (natural and unnatural in origin) are in turn highlighted and discussed with regard to their potential to access highly functionalized and unsymmetrical cyclohepta[b]indoles, for which they specifically have been designed. The methods are classified with respect to reaction type and whether or not they are enantioselective. Finally, the syntheses of cyclohepta[b]indole natural products are presented, thereby in each case, focusing on the construction of this structure motif in the course of the respective total synthesis. As a conclusion, we end by contrasting the methodological progress in the field with the actual successful application of the newly developed methods to the synthesis of complex structures to pinpoint the urgent requirement for further synthetic development for efficient synthetic design of this "privileged" structure motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Stempel
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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James MJ, O'Brien P, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indolenines. Chemistry 2015; 22:2856-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
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Chakraborty A, Jyothi K, Sinha S. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-allylindole and 2-allylbenzofuran derivatives from 2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)arenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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