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Montà-González G, Ortiz-Gómez E, López-Lima R, Fiorini G, Martínez-Máñez R, Martí-Centelles V. Water-Soluble Molecular Cages for Biological Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1621. [PMID: 38611902 PMCID: PMC11013847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of molecular cages has attracted increasing interest in relation to the development of biological applications, as evidenced by the remarkable examples published in recent years. Two key factors have contributed to this achievement: First, the remarkable and adjustable host-guest chemical properties of molecular cages make them highly suitable for biological applications. This allows encapsulating therapeutic molecules to improve their properties. Second, significant advances have been made in synthetic methods to create water-soluble molecular cages. Achieving the necessary water solubility is a significant challenge, which in most cases requires specific chemical groups to overcome the inherent hydrophobic nature of the molecular cages which feature the organic components of the cage. This can be achieved by either incorporating water-solubilizing groups with negative/positive charges, polyethylene glycol chains, etc.; or by introducing charges directly into the cage structure itself. These synthetic strategies allow preparing water-soluble molecular cages for diverse biological applications, including cages' anticancer activity, anticancer drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and molecular recognition of biological molecules. In the review we describe selected examples that show the main concepts to achieve water solubility in molecular cages and some selected recent biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Montà-González
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.M.-G.); (E.O.-G.); (G.F.)
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ortiz-Gómez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.M.-G.); (E.O.-G.); (G.F.)
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío López-Lima
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.M.-G.); (E.O.-G.); (G.F.)
| | - Guillermo Fiorini
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.M.-G.); (E.O.-G.); (G.F.)
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.M.-G.); (E.O.-G.); (G.F.)
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Universitat Politècnica de València, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Universitat Politècnica de València, Avenida Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.M.-G.); (E.O.-G.); (G.F.)
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Montà-González G, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R, Martí-Centelles V. Purely Covalent Molecular Cages and Containers for Guest Encapsulation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13636-13708. [PMID: 35867555 PMCID: PMC9413269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cage compounds offer unique binding pockets similar to enzyme-binding sites, which can be customized in terms of size, shape, and functional groups to point toward the cavity and many other parameters. Different synthetic strategies have been developed to create a toolkit of methods that allow preparing tailor-made organic cages for a number of distinct applications, such as gas separation, molecular recognition, molecular encapsulation, hosts for catalysis, etc. These examples show the versatility and high selectivity that can be achieved using cages, which is impossible by employing other molecular systems. This review explores the progress made in the field of fully organic molecular cages and containers by focusing on the properties of the cavity and their application to encapsulate guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Montà-González
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain,R.M.-M.: email,
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,V.M.-C.:
email,
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3
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Rozzi A, Pedrini A, Pinalli R, Massera C, Elmi I, Zampolli S, Dalcanale E. Tuning the conformational flexibility of quinoxaline cavitands for complexation at the gas-solid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7554-7557. [PMID: 35708006 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02710k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity and efficiency of benzene and toluene uptake at the gas-solid interface by quinoxaline cavitands is strongly enhanced by partial rigidification of the receptor cavity and immobilization of the cavitand onto silica gel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pedrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Pinalli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Chiara Massera
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ivan Elmi
- CNR-IMM Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Dalcanale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Favero
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy and INSTM Parma Research Unit, Italy
| | - Andrea Rozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy and INSTM Parma Research Unit, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy and INSTM Parma Research Unit, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy and INSTM Parma Research Unit, Italy
| | - Roberta Pinalli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy and INSTM Parma Research Unit, Italy
| | - Enrico Dalcanale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy and INSTM Parma Research Unit, Italy
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5
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Liu Y, Parks FC, Sheetz EG, Chen CH, Flood AH. Polarity-Tolerant Chloride Binding in Foldamer Capsules by Programmed Solvent-Exclusion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3191-3204. [PMID: 33596052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent anion binding in a wide range of solution environments is a key challenge that continues to motivate and demand new strategies in synthetic receptor design. Though strong binding in low-polarity solvents has become routine, our ability to maintain high affinities in high-polarity solvents has not yet reached the standard set by nature. Anions are bound and transported regularly in aqueous environments by proteins that use secondary and tertiary structure to isolate anion binding sites from water. Inspired by this principle of solvent exclusion, we created a sequence-defined foldameric capsule whose global minimum conformation displays a helical folded state and is preorganized for 1:1 anion complexation. The high stability of the folded geometry and its ability to exclude solvent were supported by solid-state and solution phase studies. This capsule then withstood a 4-fold increase in solvent dielectric constant (εr) from dichloromethane (9) to acetonitrile (36) while maintaining a high and solvent-independent affinity of 105 M-1; ΔG ∼ 28 kJ mol-1. This behavior is unusual. More typical of solvent-dependent behavior, Cl- affinities were seen to plummet in control compounds, such as aryl-triazole macrocycles and pentads, with their solvent-exposed binding cavities susceptible to dielectric screening. Finally, dimethyl sulfoxide denatures the foldamer by putative solvent binding, which then lowers the foldamer's Cl- affinity to normal levels. The design of this capsule demonstrates a new prototype for the development of potent receptors that can operate in polar solvents and has the potential to help manage hydrophilic anions present in the hydrosphere and biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Fred C Parks
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Edward G Sheetz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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6
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Hahn DF, Milić JV, Hünenberger PH. Vase
‐
Kite
Equilibrium of Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands Investigated Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Ball‐and‐Stick Local Elevation Umbrella Sampling. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Hahn
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jovana V. Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and InterfacesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LPI, Station 6 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Philippe H. Hünenberger
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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7
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Ryvlin D, Dumele O, Linke A, Fankhauser D, Schweizer WB, Diederich F, Waldvogel SR. Systematic Investigation of Resorcin[4]arene-Based Cavitands as Affinity Materials on Quartz Crystal Microbalances. Chempluschem 2017; 82:493-497. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrij Ryvlin
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Z urich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Linke
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Daniel Fankhauser
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Z urich Switzerland
| | - W. Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Z urich Switzerland
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Z urich Switzerland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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8
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Okada Y, Sugai M, Chiba K. Hydrogen-Bonding-Induced Fluorescence: Water-Soluble and Polarity-Independent Solvatochromic Fluorophores. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10922-10929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masae Sugai
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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9
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Zhang YC, Qin Y, Wang H, Zhang DW, Yang G, Li ZT. Bipyridinium Polymers That Dock Tetrathiafulvalene Guests in Water Driven by Donor-Acceptor and Ion Pair Interactions. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1065-70. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ying Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Guanyu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Street Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
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10
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Jeon S, Park S, Nam J, Kang Y, Kim JM. Creating Patterned Conjugated Polymer Images Using Water-Compatible Reactive Inkjet Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1813-1818. [PMID: 26731170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of patterned conjugated polymer images on solid substrates has gained significant attention recently. Office inkjet printers can be used to generate flexible designs of functional materials on substrates on a large scale and in an inexpensive manner. Although creating patterns of conjugated polymers on paper using common office inkjet printers has been reported, only a few examples exist, such as polyaniline (PANI) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), because only water-compatible inks can be utilized. Herein, we describe the production of poly(phenylenevinylene) (PPV) patterns on paper by employing a reactive inkjet printing (RIJ) method. In this process, printing of a hydrophilic terephthaldehyde, bis(triphenylphosphonium salt) and potassium t-butoxide using a common office inkjet printer leads to formation PPV patterns as a consequence of an in situ Wittig reaction. In addition, microarrayed PPV patterns are also readily generated on solid substrates, such as glass and PDMS, when a piezoelectric dispenser system is employed. The in situ prepared PPV was found to be insoluble in water and chloroform. As a result, unreacted excess reagents and byproducts can be efficiently removed by washing with these solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongho Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Sumin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Jihye Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Jong-Man Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
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11
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Al-Azemi TF, Vinodh M, Alipour FH. Bis-resorcin[4]arene–bridged porphyrin conjugates: synthesis, fluorescence and binding studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of bis-resorcin[4]arene–bridged porphyrin conjugates and effect of the structure type on binding, and fluorescence quenching behaviors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickey Vinodh
- Chemistry Department
- Kuwait University
- Safat 13060
- Kuwait
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12
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Singh AS, Sun SS. Structurally Flexible C₃-Symmetric Receptors for Molecular Recognition and Their Self-Assembly Properties. CHEM REC 2015. [PMID: 26202256 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The bioinspired design and synthesis of building blocks and their assemblies by the supramolecular approach has ever fascinated scientists to utilize such artificial systems for numerous purposes. Flexibility is a basic feature of natural systems. However, in artificial systems this is difficult to control, especially if there is no preorganization of the component(s) of a system. We have designed and synthesized a series of C3 -symmetric N-bridged flexible receptors and successfully utilized them to selectively entrap the notorious and toxic nitrate anion in aqueous medium. This was the first report of highest binding affinity for the nitrate anion in aqueous medium. An impressive self-sorting phenomenon of reversibly formed hydrogen-bonded capsules, which self-assembled from flexible tripodal receptors having branches of similar size and bearing the same amide functionality, has been disclosed. Encapsulated nitrate anion has been further utilized for the photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of strained four-membered ring structures through dynamic self-assembly. In this Personal Account, we summarize these results showing the utility of naturally inspired flexibility in artificial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh S Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Institute of Physics Campus, Sachivalaya Marg, Near Sainik School, Bhubaneswar, 751005, India
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Persch E, Dumele O, Diederich F. Molekulare Erkennung in chemischen und biologischen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Persch E, Dumele O, Diederich F. Molecular recognition in chemical and biological systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3290-327. [PMID: 25630692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based ligand design in medicinal chemistry and crop protection relies on the identification and quantification of weak noncovalent interactions and understanding the role of water. Small-molecule and protein structural database searches are important tools to retrieve existing knowledge. Thermodynamic profiling, combined with X-ray structural and computational studies, is the key to elucidate the energetics of the replacement of water by ligands. Biological receptor sites vary greatly in shape, conformational dynamics, and polarity, and require different ligand-design strategies, as shown for various case studies. Interactions between dipoles have become a central theme of molecular recognition. Orthogonal interactions, halogen bonding, and amide⋅⋅⋅π stacking provide new tools for innovative lead optimization. The combination of synthetic models and biological complexation studies is required to gather reliable information on weak noncovalent interactions and the role of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Persch
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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15
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Al-Azemi TF, Vinodh M. Effect of the resorcin[4]arene host on the catalytic epoxidation of a Mn( iii)-based resorcin[4]arene–metalloporphyrin conjugate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, binding behavior, and epoxidation reactions of the cavitand resorcin[4]arene–porphyrin conjugate are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickey Vinodh
- Department of Chemistry
- Kuwait University
- Safat 13060
- Kuwait
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