1
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Shlapakov NS, Kobelev AD, Burykina JV, Cheng YZ, You SL, Ananikov VP. Sulfur in Waste-Free Sustainable Synthesis: Advancing Carbon-Carbon Coupling Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402109. [PMID: 38421344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the pivotal role of sulfur in advancing sustainable carbon-carbon (C-C) coupling reactions. The unique electronic properties of sulfur, as a soft Lewis base with significant mesomeric effect make it an excellent candidate for initiating radical transformations, directing C-H-activation, and facilitating cycloaddition and C-S bond dissociation reactions. These attributes are crucial for developing waste-free methodologies in green chemistry. Our mini-review is focused on existing sulfur-directed C-C coupling techniques, emphasizing their sustainability and comparing state-of-the-art methods with traditional approaches. The review highlights the importance of this research in addressing current challenges in organic synthesis and catalysis. The innovative use of sulfur in photocatalytic, electrochemical and metal-catalyzed processes not only exemplifies significant advancements in the field but also opens new avenues for environmentally friendly chemical processes. By focusing on atom economy and waste minimization, the analysis provides broad appeal and potential for future developments in sustainable organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S Shlapakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kobelev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Muzart J. Cross-dehydrogenative annelation of arynes with C(sp2)–H/N–H or C(sp2)–H/O–H frameworks under Pd or Cu catalysis. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Tsukada N, Asahara N. Direct β-Alkenylation of Thiophenes with Alkenyl Halides Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Palladium Complex. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Kim HT, Kang E, Kim M, Joo JM. Synthesis of Bidentate Nitrogen Ligands by Rh-Catalyzed C–H Annulation and Their Application to Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic C–H Alkenylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:3657-3662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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5
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Minami Y, Miyamoto H, Nakajima Y. Palladium/Carboxylic Acid‐catalyzed Alkenylation of Furfural and its Derivatives Using Alkynes. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Hitomi Miyamoto
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry (IRC3) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8565 Japan
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6
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Bruns DL, Musaev DG, Stahl SS. Can Donor Ligands Make Pd(OAc) 2 a Stronger Oxidant? Access to Elusive Palladium(II) Reduction Potentials and Effects of Ancillary Ligands via Palladium(II)/Hydroquinone Redox Equilibria. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19678-19688. [PMID: 33167610 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidation reactions represent an important class of methods for selective modification and functionalization of organic molecules. This field has benefitted greatly from the discovery of ancillary ligands that expand the scope, reactivity, and selectivity in these reactions; however, ancillary ligands also commonly poison these reactions. The different influences of ligands in these reactions remain poorly understood. For example, over the 60-year history of this field, the PdII/0 redox potentials for catalytically relevant Pd complexes have never been determined. Here, we report the unexpected discovery of (L)PdII(OAc)2-mediated oxidation of hydroquinones, the microscopic reverse of quinone-mediated oxidation of Pd0 commonly employed in PdII-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Analysis of redox equilibria arising from the reaction of (L)Pd(OAc)2 and hydroquinones (L = bathocuproine, 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one), generating reduced (L)Pd species and benzoquinones, provides the basis for determination of (L)PdII(OAc)2 reduction potentials. Experimental results are complemented by density functional theory calculations to show how a series of nitrogen-based ligands modulate the (L)PdII(OAc)2 reduction potential, thereby tuning the ability of PdII to serve as an effective oxidant of organic molecules in catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Van Velthoven N, Wang Y, Van Hees H, Henrion M, Bugaev AL, Gracy G, Amro K, Soldatov AV, Alauzun JG, Mutin PH, De Vos DE. Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for C-H Activation Reactions: Pd(II)-Loaded S,O-Functionalized Metal Oxide-Bisphosphonates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47457-47466. [PMID: 32970411 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous single-site catalysts contain spatially isolated, well-defined active sites. This allows not only their easy recovery by solid-liquid separation but also the detailed active site design similar to homogeneous catalysts. Here, heterogeneous Pd(II) single-site catalysts were assembled, based on mesoporous metal oxide-bisphosphonate materials as supports. This new family of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with tunable porosity was further functionalized with thioether ligands containing S,O-binding sites that enhance the activity of Pd(II) for C-H activation reactions. The structures of the resulting Pd(II) single-site catalysts were carefully analyzed via solid-state NMR spectroscopy, via texture analysis by N2 physisorption, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the immediate environment of the isolated Pd(II) active sites was studied with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A clear relationship between the thioether ligand surface density and catalyst activity could be established. Significantly higher yields were obtained using highly porous metal oxide-bisphosphonate materials as supports compared to materials with lower porosities, such as conventional metal oxides, indicating that the high surface area facilitates the presence of isolated, well-accessible S,O-supported Pd(II) active sites. A wide scope of model substrates, including industrially relevant arenes, can be converted with high yields by the optimal heterogeneous Pd catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van Velthoven
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Hannah Van Hees
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Henrion
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aram L Bugaev
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Guillaume Gracy
- SiKÉMIA, Place Eugène Bataillon, cc1701, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Kassem Amro
- SiKÉMIA, Place Eugène Bataillon, cc1701, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander V Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Johan G Alauzun
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - P Hubert Mutin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk E De Vos
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Wang YJ, Yuan CH, Chu DZ, Jiao L. Regiocontrol in the oxidative Heck reaction of indole by ligand-enabled switch of the regioselectivity-determining step. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11042-11054. [PMID: 34094351 PMCID: PMC8162380 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient control of regioselectivity is a key concern in transition-metal-catalyzed direct C–H functionalization reactions. Various strategies for regiocontrol have been established by tuning the selectivity of the C–H activation step as a common mode. Herein, we present our study on an alternative mode of regiocontrol, in which the selectivity of the C–H activation step is no longer a key concern. We found that, in a reaction where the C–H activation step exhibits a different regio-preference from the subsequent functionalization step, a ligand-enabled switch of the regioselectivity-determining step could provide efficient regiocontrol. This mode has been exemplified by the Pd(ii)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative Heck reaction of indoles, in which a ligand-controlled C3-/C2-selectivity was achieved for the first time by the development of sulfoxide-2-hydroxypyridine (SOHP) ligands. Ligand-enabled switch of the regioselectivity-determining step allowed for efficient regiocontrol in the aerobic oxidative Heck reaction of indole.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China
| | - Chen-Hui Yuan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China
| | - De-Zhao Chu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China
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9
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Abstract
The Pd-mediated cross-coupling of (hetero)arenes with alkenes may be an effective method for the formation of a C–C bond from two C–H bonds. Discovered by Fujiwara and co-workers in 1967, this reaction led to a number of reports that we firstly highlighted in 2011 (review with references till June 2010) and for which, we retained the name “dehydrogenative Heck reaction”. The topic, especially the reactions of five-membered heteroarenes, has been the subject of intensive research over the last ten years. The present review is limited to these dehydrogenative Heck reactions published since 2010, underlining the progress of the procedures.
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10
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Van Velthoven N, Henrion M, Dallenes J, Krajnc A, Bugaev AL, Liu P, Bals S, Soldatov AV, Mali G, De Vos DE. S,O-Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Single-Site Catalysts for the Oxidative Alkenylation of Arenes via C–H activation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van Velthoven
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Henrion
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jesse Dallenes
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aram L. Bugaev
- The Smart Materials Research Center, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekhova 41, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Pei Liu
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander V. Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Center, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Gregor Mali
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dirk E. De Vos
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p. o. box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Carrow BP, Sampson J, Wang L. Base-Assisted C-H Bond Cleavage in Cross-Coupling: Recent Insights into Mechanism, Speciation, and Cooperativity. Isr J Chem 2020; 60:230-258. [PMID: 32669731 PMCID: PMC7363398 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes recent mechanistic studies that have provided new insights into how the structure of a metal complex influences the rate and selectivity of base-assisted C-H cleavage. Partitioning a broader mechanistic continuum into classes delimited by the polarization between catalyst and substrate during C-H cleavage is postulated as a method to identify catalysts favoring electrophilic or nucleophilic reactivity patterns, which may be predictive based on structural features of the metal complex (i.e., oxidation state, d-electron count, charge). Multi-metallic cooperativity and polynuclear speciation also provide new avenues to affect energy barriers for C-H cleavage and site selectivity beyond the limitations of single metal catalysts. An improved understanding of mechanistic nuances and structure-activity relationships on this important bond activation step carries important implications for efficiency and controllable site selectivity in non-directed C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad P Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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12
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Abstract
This review recounts the development by the authors of the Pd-catalyzed procedures devoted to various kinds of oxidation. Starting with reactions assisted with UV light, the research has explored reactions under light-free conditions: allylic oxidation, alcohol oxidation, etherification, Wacker oxidation and dehydrogenations with, always, accompanying efforts towards mechanism determination.
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13
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Yu J, Shou H, Yu W, Chen H, Su W. Mechanochemical Oxidative Heck Coupling of Activated and Unactivated Alkenes: A Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Stereo‐Controlled Synthesis of Alkenylbenzenes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Shou
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyang Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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14
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Jaworski JN, Kozack CV, Tereniak SJ, Knapp SMM, Landis CR, Miller JT, Stahl SS. Operando Spectroscopic and Kinetic Characterization of Aerobic Allylic C-H Acetoxylation Catalyzed by Pd(OAc) 2/4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10462-10474. [PMID: 31184479 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Allylic C-H acetoxylations are among the most widely studied palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H oxidation reactions. While the principal reaction steps are well established, key features of the catalytic mechanisms are poorly characterized, including the identity of the turnover-limiting step and the catalyst resting state. Here, we report a mechanistic study of aerobic allylic acetoxylation of allylbenzene with a catalyst system composed of Pd(OAc)2 and 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (DAF). The DAF ligand is unique in its ability to support aerobic catalytic turnover, even in the absence of benzoquinone or other co-catalysts. Herein, we describe operando spectroscopic analysis of the catalytic reaction using X-ray absorption and NMR spectroscopic methods that allow direct observation of the formation and decay of a palladium(I) species during the reaction. Kinetic studies reveal the presence of two distinct kinetic phases: (1) a burst phase, involving rapid formation of the allylic acetoxylation product and formation of the dimeric PdI complex [PdI(DAF)(OAc)]2, followed by (2) a post-burst phase that coincides with evolution of the catalyst resting state from the PdI dimer into a π-allyl-PdII species. The data provide unprecedented insights into the role of ancillary ligands in supporting catalytic turnover with O2 as the stoichiometric oxidant and establish an important foundation for the development of improved catalysts for allylic oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Caitlin V Kozack
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Stephen J Tereniak
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Spring Melody M Knapp
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Clark R Landis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- David School of Chemical Engineering , Purdue University , 480 Stadium Mall Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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15
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Kim HT, Lee W, Kim E, Joo JM. C−H Alkenylation of Pyrroles by Electronically Matching Ligand Control. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2418-2422. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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16
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Wen ZK, Song TT, Liu YF, Chao JB. Palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of cyclic enones with thiophenes: a rapid access to β-heteroarylated cyclic enones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3668-3671. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01059e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A dehydrogenative coupling reaction of cyclic enones with thiophenes through palladium-catalyzed C–H functionalization is reported herein. Further molecular transformations of the coupling products to synthetically useful meta-heteroarylated phenols are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Kang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Ting-Ting Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Yu-Fang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Jian-Bin Chao
- Scientific Instrument Center
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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17
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Kim HT, Ha H, Kang G, Kim OS, Ryu H, Biswas AK, Lim SM, Baik MH, Joo JM. Ligand-controlled Regiodivergent C−H Alkenylation of Pyrazoles and its Application to the Synthesis of Indazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16262-16266. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhee Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Og Soon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Abul Kalam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792 and Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology; Korea University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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18
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Kim HT, Ha H, Kang G, Kim OS, Ryu H, Biswas AK, Lim SM, Baik MH, Joo JM. Ligand-controlled Regiodivergent C−H Alkenylation of Pyrazoles and its Application to the Synthesis of Indazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhee Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Og Soon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Abul Kalam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792 and Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology; Korea University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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19
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Wang D, Weinstein AB, White PB, Stahl SS. Ligand-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2636-2679. [PMID: 28975795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions have been the focus of industrial application and extensive research efforts for nearly 60 years. A significant transition occurred in this field approximately 20 years ago, with the introduction of catalysts supported by ancillary ligands. The ligands play crucial roles in the reactions, including promotion of direct oxidation of palladium(0) by O2, bypassing the typical requirement for Cu salts or related redox cocatalysts to facilitate oxidation of the reduced Pd catalyst; facilitation of key bond-breaking and bond-forming steps during substrate oxidation; and modulation of chemo-, regio-, or stereoselectivity of a reaction. The use of ligands has contributed to significant expansion of the scope of accessible aerobic oxidation reactions. Increased understanding of the role of ancillary ligands should promote the development of new synthetic transformations, enable improved control over the reaction selectivity, and improve catalyst activity and stability. This review surveys the different ligands that have been used to support palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions and, where possible, describes mechanistic insights into the role played by the ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Adam B Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Paul B White
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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20
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Gorsline BJ, Wang L, Ren P, Carrow BP. C–H Alkenylation of Heteroarenes: Mechanism, Rate, and Selectivity Changes Enabled by Thioether Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Gorsline
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brad P. Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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21
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Jaworski JN, McCann SD, Guzei IA, Stahl SS. Detection of Palladium(I) in Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3605-3610. [PMID: 28217896 PMCID: PMC5499979 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidation reactions exhibit broad utility in organic synthesis; however, they often feature high catalyst loading and low turnover numbers relative to non-oxidative cross-coupling reactions. Insights into the fate of the Pd catalyst during turnover could help to address this limitation. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a dimeric PdI species in two prototypical Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions: allylic C-H acetoxylation of terminal alkenes and intramolecular aza-Wacker cyclization. Both reactions employ 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (DAF) as an ancillary ligand. The dimeric PdI complex, [PdI (μ-DAF)(OAc)]2 , which features two bridging DAF ligands and two terminal acetate ligands, has been characterized by several spectroscopic methods, as well as single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The origin of this PdI complex and its implications for catalytic reactivity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
| | - Scott D. McCann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706
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22
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Jaworski JN, McCann SD, Guzei IA, Stahl SS. Detection of Palladium(I) in Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N. Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin—Madison 1101 University Ave. Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Scott D. McCann
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin—Madison 1101 University Ave. Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin—Madison 1101 University Ave. Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin—Madison 1101 University Ave. Madison WI 53706 USA
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23
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Vasseur A, Membrat R, Gatineau D, Tenaglia A, Nuel D, Giordano L. Secondary Phosphine Oxides as Multitalented Preligands En Route to the Chemoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vasseur
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Romain Membrat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - David Gatineau
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Alphonse Tenaglia
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Didier Nuel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
| | - Laurent Giordano
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS; Centrale Marseille, iSm2; Marseille France
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24
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White PB, Jaworski JN, Fry CG, Dolinar BS, Guzei IA, Stahl SS. Structurally Diverse Diazafluorene-Ligated Palladium(II) Complexes and Their Implications for Aerobic Oxidation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4869-80. [PMID: 26967703 PMCID: PMC4863657 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Diazafluoren-9-one (DAF) has been identified as a highly effective ligand in a number of Pd-catalyzed oxidation reactions, but the mechanistic basis for its utility has not been elucidated. Here, we present the complex coordination chemistry of DAF and palladium(II) carboxylate salts. Multiple complexes among an equilibrating mixture of species have been characterized by (1)H and (15)N NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. These complexes include monomeric and dimeric Pd(II) species, with monodentate (κ(1)), bidentate (κ(2)), and bridging (μ:κ(1):κ(1)) DAF coordination modes. Titration studies of DAF and Pd(OAc)2 reveal the formation of two dimeric DAF/Pd(OAc)2 complexes at low [DAF] and four monomeric species at higher [DAF]. The dimeric complexes feature two bridging acetate ligands together with either a bridging or nonbridging (κ(1)) DAF ligand coordinated to each Pd(II) center. The monomeric structures consist of three isomeric Pd(κ(1)-DAF)2(OAc)2 complexes, together with Pd(κ(2)-DAF)(OAc)2 in which the DAF exhibits a traditional bidentate coordination mode. Replacing DAF with the structurally related, but more-electron-rich derivative 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-diazafluorene (Me2DAF) simplifies the equilibrium mixture to two complexes: a dimeric species in which the Me2DAF bridges the two Pd centers and a monomeric species with a traditional κ(2)-Me2DAF coordination mode. The use of DAF in combination with other carboxylate ligands (CF3CO2(-) or tBuCO2(-)) also results in a simplified collection of equilibrating Pd(II)-DAF complexes. Collectively, the results highlight the ability of DAF to equilibrate rapidly among multiple coordination modes, and provide valuable insights into the utility of DAF as a ligand in Pd-catalyzed oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jonathan N. Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Charles G. Fry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Brian S. Dolinar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
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25
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White PB, Jaworski JN, Zhu GH, Stahl SS. Diazafluorenone-Promoted Oxidation Catalysis: Insights into the Role of Bidentate Ligands in Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Aza-Wacker Reactions. ACS Catal 2016; 6:3340-3348. [PMID: 27175308 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
2,2'-Bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and related bidentate ligands often inhibit homogeneous Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions; however, certain derivatives, such as 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (DAF), can promote catalysis. In order to gain insight into this divergent ligand behavior, eight different bpy- and phen-derived chelating ligands have been evaluated in Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of (E)-4-hexenyltosylamide. Two of the ligands, DAF and 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (6,6'-Me2bpy), support efficient catalytic turnover, while the others strongly inhibit the reaction. DAF is especially effective and is the only ligand that exhibits "ligand-accelerated catalysis". Evidence suggests that the utility of DAF and 6,6'-Me2bpy originates from the ability of these ligands to access κ1-coordination modes via dissociation of one of the pyridyl rings. This hemilabile character is directly observed by NMR spectroscopy upon adding one equivalent of pyridine to solutions of 1:1 L/Pd(OAc)2 (L = DAF and 6,6'-Me2bpy), and is further supported by an X-ray crystal structure of Pd(py)(κ1-DAF)OAc2. DFT computational studies illuminate the influence of three different chelating ligands [DAF, 6,6'-Me2bpy, and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (2,9-Me2phen)] on the energetics of the aza-Wacker reaction pathway. The results show that DAF and 6,6'-Me2bpy destabilize the corresponding ground-state Pd(N~N)(OAc)2 complexes, while stabilizing the rate-limiting transition state for alkene insertion into a Pd-N bond. Interconversion between κ2- and κ1-coordination modes facilitate access to open coordination sites at the PdII center. The insights from these studies introduce new ligand concepts that could promote numerous other classes of Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. White
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan N. Jaworski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Geyunjian Harry Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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26
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Annibale VT, Song D. Coordination chemistry and applications of versatile 4,5-diazafluorene derivatives. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:32-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article highlights the versatile nature of 4,5-diazafluorene derivatives as ligands, and details some recent advances made using this ligand family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T. Annibale
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Datong Song
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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