1
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Ananda Rao G, Jamwal P, Gurubrahamam R, Chen K. Formal Alkenylation and Amination of 2‐Nitrobenzofurans with Fumaric Acid Amide Ester under Metal‐Free Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Ananda Rao
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan 11677
| | - Paru Jamwal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagati Jammu (J&K) 181221 India
| | - Ramani Gurubrahamam
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagati Jammu (J&K) 181221 India
| | - Kwunmin Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan 11677
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2
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Liu AD, Wang ZL, Liu L, Cheng L. A Visible-Light-Promoted C-H Arylation and Heteroarylation of Uracil Derivatives with Diazoniums in Aqueous Conditions. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e432. [PMID: 35671138 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The photoredox synthesis of C-5 (hetero)arylated uracil and uridine substrates with the corresponding diazonium salts is described. The coupling proceeds efficiently without protection of the hydroxyls at the ribose or pre-functionalization of the C5 position at the nucleobase. No transition-metal catalyst is used in this transformation, thereby avoiding metal contamination in the final products. The use of water as the medium also eliminates the impurities caused by the use of organic solvents. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 5-aryl and 5-heteroaryl uracil derivatives Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of 5-aryl uridine and deoxyuridine uridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Di Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Li Wang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Tong Z, Peng X, Tang Z, Yang W, Deng W, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. DTBP-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling of 3-aryl benzofuran-2(3 H)-ones with toluenes/phenols for all-carbon quaternary centers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35215-35220. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a transition-metal free protocol for efficient cross-dehydrogenative coupling of 3-aryl benzofuran-2(3H)-ones and toluenes/phenols using DTBP as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xinju Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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4
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Liu AD, Wang ZL, Liu L, Cheng L. Aqueous and Visible-Light-Promoted C-H (Hetero)arylation of Uracil Derivatives with Diazoniums. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16434-16447. [PMID: 34713700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct C5 (hetero)arylation of uracil and uridine substrates with (hetero)aryl diazonium salts under photoredox catalysis with blue light was reported. The coupling proceeds efficiently with diazonium salts and heterocycles in good functional group tolerance at room temperature in aqueous solution without transition-metal components. A plausible radical mechanism has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Di Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Li Wang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Shinde VN, Rangan K, Kumar D, Kumar A. Palladium-Catalyzed Weakly Coordinating Lactone-Directed C-H Bond Functionalization of 3-Arylcoumarins: Synthesis of Bioactive Coumestan Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9755-9770. [PMID: 34181412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed highly regioselective ortho-selective C-H functionalization of 3-arylcoumarins has been developed. The method utilizes the weakly coordinating lactone as a directing group. The versatility of the strategy is highlighted by developing methodologies for alkenylation, halogenation, fluoroalkoxylation, and hydroxylation. Different functional groups were well tolerated, and functionalized coumarins were obtained in moderate to high yields. The method also showed good selectivity for monofunctionalization versus difunctionalization. The generated ortho-hydroxy derivatives were cyclized in the presence of DDQ, thus developing a simple and fast method for the synthesis of bioactive coumestan from 3-arylcoumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki N Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
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6
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Zhou J, Li T, Li M, Li C, Hu X, Jin L, Sun N, Hu B, Shen Z. FeCl
2
‐Catalyzed Direct C
2
‐Benzylation of Benzofurans with Diarylmethanes via Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
| | - Tianci Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
| | - Meichao Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process Shaoxing University P. R. China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
| | - Liqun Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
| | - Baoxiang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology P. R. China
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7
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Vivek Kumar S, Banerjee S, Punniyamurthy T. Transition metal-catalyzed coupling of heterocyclic alkenes via C–H functionalization: recent trends and applications. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic alkenes and their derivatives are an important class of reactive feedstock and valuable synthons. This review highlights the transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of heterocyclic alkenes via a C–H functionalization strategy.
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8
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Koubachi J, El Brahmi N, Guillaumet G, El Kazzouli S. Oxidative Alkenylation of Fused Bicyclic Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Koubachi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taroudant; Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Environnement (LACAPE); Université Ibn Zohr d′Agadir; B.P 271 83000 Taroudant Morocco
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center; Euromed Faculty of Engineering; Euromed University of Fes; Route de Meknes 30000 Fès Morocco
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311; BP 6759 45067 Orléans Cedex 2 France
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center; Euromed Faculty of Engineering; Euromed University of Fes; Route de Meknes 30000 Fès Morocco
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9
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Mandal S, Bera T, Dubey G, Saha J, Laha JK. Uses of K2S2O8 in Metal-Catalyzed and Metal-Free Oxidative Transformations. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Mandal
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Tishyasoumya Bera
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Gurudutt Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Jaideep Saha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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10
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Kianmehr E, Gholamhosseyni M. Visible-Light-Promoted Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Benzylation of Pyridine N
-Oxides versus Thermal Acylation Reaction with Toluene Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Kianmehr
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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11
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Gholamhosseyni M, Kianmehr E. A ruthenium-catalyzed alkenylation–annulation approach for the synthesis of indazole derivatives via C–H bond activation. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5973-5978. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to indazole derivatives through a Ru(ii)-catalyzed C–H activation–annulation reaction, which proceeds via C–C and C–N bond forming reactions, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebrahim Kianmehr
- School of Chemistry
- College of science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran 1417614411
- Iran
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12
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Kianmehr E, Tanbakouchian A. Palladium-catalyzed regio- and chemoselective direct desulfitative arylation of anilides with arylsulfonyl chlorides. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Jha AK, Jain N. 2,2′-Homocoupled Azine N
,N′
-Dioxides or Azine N
-Oxides: CDC- or SN
Ar-Controlled Chemoselectivity. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abadh Kishor Jha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 110016 New Delhi India
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 110016 New Delhi India
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14
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Kianmehr E, Pakbaznia A, Faghih N, Foroumadi A. Metal-free chemo- and regioselective acylation of pyridine derivatives with alcohols in water. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Kianmehr E, Faghih N, Tanbakouchian A, Mahdavi M. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Cyanation of Acetanilide Derivatives with K4[Fe(CN)6] by C-H Bond Activation. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Kianmehr
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Nasser Faghih
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center; College of Science; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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16
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Kianmehr E, Amiri Lomedasht Y, Faghih N, Khan KM. Chelation-Assisted Copper-Mediated Direct Acetylamination of 2-Arylpyridine C–H Bonds with Cyanate Salts. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6087-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Kianmehr
- School
of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Nasser Faghih
- School
of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.
E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical
and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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17
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Kise N, Hamada Y, Sakurai T. Electroreductive Intermolecular Coupling of Uracils with Aromatic Ketones: Synthesis of 6-Substituted and cis-5,6-Disubstituted 5,6-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyluracils and Their Transformation to 6-Substituted 1,3-Dimethyluracils, trans-5,6-Disubstituted 5,6-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyluracils, and 4,5,5-Trisubstituted 3-Methyloxazolizin-2-ones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5101-19. [PMID: 27172090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electroreductive coupling of 1,3-dimethyluracil, thymine, and 5-fluorouracil with aromatic ketones in the presence of TMSCl gave 6-substituted and cis-5,6-disubstituted 5,6-dihydro-1,3-dimethyluracils. The dehydrotrimethylsiloxylation of the adducts afforded 6-substituted and 5,6-fused 1,3-dimethyluracils. The detrimethylsilylation of the adducts with TBAF or 1 M HCl-MeOH gave 4,5,5-trisubstituted 3-methyloxazolizin-2-ones or 3-methyloxazolizin-2-imines in addition to simply desilylated alcohols. The cis-5,6-disubstituted 5,6-dihydro-1,3-dimethyluracils were isomerized to the corresponding trans-isomers by heating in the presence of cat. DMAP. The cis- and trans-5,6-disubstituted 5,6-dihydro-1,3-dimethyluracils were assigned by the coupling constants J5,6 of their (1)H NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kise
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University , 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University , 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University , 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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18
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Kise N, Tuji T, Sakurai T. Stereoselective intramolecular coupling of barbituric acids with aliphatic ketones and O-methyl oximes by electroreduction: radical cyclization mechanism supported by DFT study. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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20
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Kianmehr E, Faghih N, Karaji S, Amiri Lomedasht Y, Khan KM. Copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of pyridine N-oxides with cyclic ethers. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Liu C, Yuan J, Gao M, Tang S, Li W, Shi R, Lei A. Oxidative Coupling between Two Hydrocarbons: An Update of Recent C–H Functionalizations. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12138-204. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500431s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 836] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Yuan
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Gao
- National
Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Tang
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Li
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyi Shi
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies
(IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- National
Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People’s Republic of China
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