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Toma M, Zubčić G, Lapić J, Djaković S, Šakić D, Vrček V. Ferrocenoyl-adenines: substituent effects on regioselective acylation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1270-1277. [PMID: 36225728 PMCID: PMC9520867 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N6-substituted adenine–ferrocene conjugates was prepared and the reaction mechanism underlying the synthesis was explored. The SN2-like reaction between ferrocenoyl chloride and adenine anions is a regioselective process in which the product ratio (N7/N9-ferrocenoyl isomers) is governed by the steric property of the substituent at the N6-position. Steric effects were evaluated by using Charton (empirical) and Sterimol (computational) parameters. The bulky substituents may shield the proximal N7 region of space, which prevents the approach of an electrophile towards the N7 atom. As a consequence, the formation of N7-isomer is a kinetically less feasible process, i.e., the corresponding transition state structure increases in relative energy (compared to the formation of the N9-isomer). In cases where the steric hindrance is negligible, the electronic effect of the N6-substituent is prevailing. That was supported by calculations of Fukui functions and molecular orbital coefficients. Both descriptors indicated that the N7 atom was more nucleophilic than its N9-counterpart in all adenine anion derivatives. We demonstrated that selected substituents may shift the acylation of purines from a regioselective to a regiospecific mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Toma
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gabrijel Zubčić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lapić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Senka Djaković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Šakić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerije Vrček
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Daniluk M, Buchowicz W, Koszytkowska‐Stawińska M, Jarząbek K, Jarzembska KN, Kamiński R, Piszcz M, Laudy AE, Tyski S. Ferrocene Amino Acid Ester Uracil Conjugates: Synthesis, Structure, Electrochemistry and Antimicrobial Evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniluk
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Buchowicz
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Karolina Jarząbek
- King Władysław IV High School in Warsaw Jagiellońska 38 03-719 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Radosław Kamiński
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Piszcz
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka E. Laudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyMedical University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 61, Warsaw Poland
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyMedical University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 61, Warsaw Poland
- Department of Antibiotics and MicrobiologyNational Medicines Institute Chełmska 30/34 00-725 Warsaw Poland
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Toma M, Božičević L, Lapić J, Djaković S, Šakić D, Tandarić T, Vianello R, Vrček V. Transacylation in Ferrocenoyl-Purines. NMR and Computational Study of the Isomerization Mechanism. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12471-12480. [PMID: 31479271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the reaction of purines with ferrocenoyl chloride in dimethylformamide (DMF), a regioselective acylation occurred. The two products have been isolated and, according to detailed NMR analysis, identified as N7- and N9-ferrocenoylated isomers. In a more polar solvent, for example, in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), the two isomers interconvert to each other. The N7/N9 isomerization was followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, until dynamic equilibrium was reached. Both kinetics and thermodynamics of the transacylation process are governed by a C6-substituent on the purine ring (R = NH2, Me, NHBz, OBz). The observed rate constant for the N7/N9-isomerization in the adenine system (R = NH2) is kobs = 0.3668 h-1, whereas the corresponding process in the C6-benzyloxypurine is 56 times slower. By use of density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, several reaction pathways were considered and explored. Only the reaction mechanism involving DMSO as a nucleophilic reactant is in harmony with the experimental kinetic data. The calculated barrier (ΔG⧧ = 107.9 kJ/mol; at the M06L/6-311+G(d,p)/SDD level of theory) for this SN2-like reaction in the adenine system agrees well with the experimental value of 102.7 kJ/mol. No isomerization was detected in other organic solvents, for example, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, or acetone, which indicated the exceptional nucleophilicity of DMSO. Our results raise a warning when treating or dissolving acylated purines in DMSO as they are prone to isomerization. We observed that the N7/N9-group transfer was specific not only for the organometallic moiety only, but for other acyl groups in purines as well. The relevance of this isomerization may be expected for a series of nucleobases and heterocyclic systems in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Toma
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Ante Kovačića 1 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Lucija Božičević
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Ante Kovačića 1 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lapić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Pierottijeva 6 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Senka Djaković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology , University of Zagreb , Pierottijeva 6 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Davor Šakić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Ante Kovačića 1 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Tana Tandarić
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Rud̵er Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Rud̵er Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Valerije Vrček
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Ante Kovačića 1 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
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Maračić S, Lapić J, Djaković S, Opačak-Bernardi T, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Vrček V, Raić-Malić S. Quinoline and ferrocene conjugates: Synthesis, computational study and biological evaluations. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Maračić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; University of Zagreb; Marulićev trg 19 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lapić
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Senka Djaković
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Teuta Opačak-Bernardi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; J. Huttlera 4 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; J. Huttlera 4 31000 Osijek Croatia
| | - Valerije Vrček
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; A. Kovačića 1 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology; University of Zagreb; Marulićev trg 19 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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Synthesis and structural characterization of ferrocene phosphines modified with polar pendants and their palladium(II) complexes. Part I: N -aminocarbonyl and N -acyl phosphinoferrocene carboxamides. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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