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Rossa V, Monteiro Ferreira LE, da Costa Vasconcelos S, Tai Shimabukuro ET, Gomes da Costa Madriaga V, Carvalho AP, Castellã Pergher SB, de Carvalho da Silva F, Ferreira VF, Conte Junior CA, de Melo Lima T. Nanocomposites based on the graphene family for food packaging: historical perspective, preparation methods, and properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14084-14111. [PMID: 35558848 PMCID: PMC9094098 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology experienced a great technological advance after the discovery of the graphene family (graphene – Gr, graphene oxide – GO, and reduced graphene oxide-rGO). Based on the excellent properties of these materials, it is possible to develop novel polymeric nanocomposites for several applications in our daily routine. One of the most prominent applications is for food packaging, offering nanocomposites with improved thermal, mechanical, anti-microbial, and barrier properties against gas and water vapor. This paper reviewed food packaging from its inception to the present day, with the development of more resistant and intelligent packaging. Herein, the most common combinations of polymeric matrices (derived from non-renewable and renewable sources) with Gr, GO, and rGO and their typical preparation methods are presented. Besides, the interactions present in these nanocomposites will be discussed in detail, and their final properties will be thoroughly analyzed as a function of the preparation technique and graphene family-matrix combinations. Food packaging based on nanotechnology of polymeric nanocomposites of graphene and graphene oxide results in packaging with better thermal, mechanical, antimicrobial, electrical packaging, moisture barrier and gas properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rossa
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Luanne Ester Monteiro Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Sancler da Costa Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Eric Thomas Tai Shimabukuro
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Vinicius Gomes da Costa Madriaga
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Carvalho
- Food Science Program, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Sibele Berenice Castellã Pergher
- Laboratory Molecular Sieves - LABPEMOL, Chemistry Institute - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - IQ-UFRN Natal RN Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense 24241-000 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- Food Science Program, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Thiago de Melo Lima
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
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Improvement of synergistic effect photocatalytic/ peroxymonosulfate activation for degradation of amoxicillin using carbon dots anchored on rod-like CoFe2O4. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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GO-based antibacterial composites: Application and design strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113967. [PMID: 34509575 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), for its unique structure with high biocompatibility and designability, is widely used in the antibacterial field. Various strategies have been designed to fabricate GO-based composites with antibacterial properties. This review summarized these strategies, divided them into three types and interpreted their antibacterial mechanisms: (i) "GO*/non-GO" type in which GO acts as the single antibacterial core, (ii) "GO*/non-GO*" type in which GO and non-GO components function synergistically as dual antibacterial cores, (iii) "GO/non-GO*" type in which non-GO acts as the single antibacterial core, while GO component plays a supportive, not a dominant role in antibiosis. Besides, the fields suiting their applications and factors influencing their antibacterial properties were analyzed. Finally, the limitations and prospects in the current researches were discussed. In summary, GO-based composites have revolutionized antibacterial strategies. This review may serve as a reference to inspire further research on GO-based antibacterial composites.
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Lazzarin L, Pasini M, Menna E. Organic Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures for Solar Energy Conversion. Molecules 2021; 26:5286. [PMID: 34500718 PMCID: PMC8433975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an overview of the use of organic functionalized carbon nanostructures (CNSs) in solar energy conversion schemes. Our attention was focused in particular on the contribution of organic chemistry to the development of new hybrid materials that find application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as well as in photocatalytic fuel production, focusing in particular on the most recent literature. The request for new materials able to accompany the green energy transition that are abundant, low-cost, low-toxicity, and made from renewable sources has further increased the interest in CNSs that meet all these requirements. The inclusion of an organic molecule, thanks to both covalent and non-covalent interactions, in a CNS leads to the development of a completely new hybrid material able of combining and improving the properties of both starting materials. In addition to the numerical data, which unequivocally state the positive effect of the new hybrid material, we hope that these examples can inspire further research in the field of photoactive materials from an organic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lazzarin
- Department of Chemical Sciences & INSTM, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “G. Natta”-SCITEC, National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Menna
- Department of Chemical Sciences & INSTM, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Centre Giorgio Levi Cases for Energy Economics and Technology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Morena A, Campisciano V, Comès A, Liotta LF, Gruttadauria M, Aprile C, Giacalone F. A Study on the Stability of Carbon Nanoforms-Polyimidazolium Network Hybrids in the Conversion of CO 2 into Cyclic Carbonates: Increase in Catalytic Activity after Reuse. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2243. [PMID: 34578558 PMCID: PMC8468297 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three different carbon nanoforms (CNFs), single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, MWCNTs) and carbon nanohorns (CNHs), have been used as supports for the direct polymerization of variable amounts of a bis-vinylimidazolium salt. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that all CNFs act as templates on the growth of the polymeric network, which perfectly covers the nanocarbons forming a cylindrical (SWCNTs, MWCNTs) or spherical (CNHs) coating. The stability of these hybrid materials was investigated in the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonate under high temperature and CO2 pressure. Compared with the homopolymerized monomer, nanotube-based materials display an improved catalytic activity. Beside the low catalytic loading (0.05-0.09 mol%) and the absence of Lewis acid co-catalysts, all the materials showed high TON values (up to 1154 for epichlorohydrin with SW-1:2). Interestingly, despite the loss of part of the polymeric coating for crumbling or peeling, the activity increases upon recycling of the materials, and this behaviour was ascribed to their change in morphology, which led to materials with higher surface areas and with more accessible catalytic sites. Transmission electron microscopy analysis, along with different experiments, have been carried out in order to elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Morena
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Laboratory of Applied Material Chemistry (CMA), Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Vincenzo Campisciano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Adrien Comès
- Laboratory of Applied Material Chemistry (CMA), Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Leonarda Francesca Liotta
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati ISMN-CNR, via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Michelangelo Gruttadauria
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Carmela Aprile
- Laboratory of Applied Material Chemistry (CMA), Department of Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Francesco Giacalone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (V.C.)
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Díez-Pascual AM, Luceño-Sánchez JA. Antibacterial Activity of Polymer Nanocomposites Incorporating Graphene and Its Derivatives: A State of Art. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2105. [PMID: 34206821 PMCID: PMC8271513 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of carbon-based nanostructures into polymer matrices is a relevant strategy for producing novel antimicrobial materials. By using nanofillers of different shapes and sizes, and polymers with different characteristics, novel antimicrobial nanocomposites with synergistic properties can be obtained. This article describes the state of art in the field of antimicrobial polymeric nanocomposites reinforced with graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Taking into account the vast number of articles published, only some representative examples are provided. A classification of the different nanocomposites is carried out, dividing them into acrylic and methacrylic matrices, biodegradable synthetic polymers and natural polymers. The mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of graphene and its derivatives are also reviewed. Finally, some applications of these antimicrobial nanocomposites are discussed. We aim to enhance understanding in the field and promote further work on the development of polymer-based antimicrobial nanocomposites incorporating graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
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Controlled Size Reduction of Liquid Exfoliated Graphene Micro-Sheets via Tip Sonication. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10111049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Liquid exfoliation of three-dimensional bulk solids with an inherent layered structure is an effective and scalable method to produce stable re-aggregation colloidal inks of 2D materials that are suitable for solution processing. Shear mixing is a relatively gentle technique that allows exfoliation while preserving the native lateral size of the 3D precursors, while tip sonication often leads to extensive structural damage, producing 2D sheets where many edge defects are introduced. We present a mixed approach to obtain liquid dispersions of few-layer graphene flakes, wherein the average lateral size of the colloids can be tuned in a controlled way. This strategy relies on the application of defined tip sonication steps on graphene inks previously prepared through the use of a shear mixer, thus starting with already-exfoliated micro-sheets with a limited amount of edge defects. Our approach could represent a valuable method to prepare 2D material inks with variable size distributions, as differences in this parameter could have a significant impact on the electronic behavior of the final material and thus on its field of application.
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Ahmed W, Gul S, Awais M, Hassan ZU, Jabeen S, Farooq M. A review: novel nanohybrids of epoxy/polyamide with carbon nanotube/nano-diamond. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1819314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Saira Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Botany, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Tonellato M, Piccione M, Gasparotto M, Bellet P, Tibaudo L, Vicentini N, Bergantino E, Menna E, Vitiello L, Di Liddo R, Filippini F. Commitment of Autologous Human Multipotent Stem Cells on Biomimetic Poly-L-lactic Acid-Based Scaffolds Is Strongly Influenced by Structure and Concentration of Carbon Nanomaterial. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030415. [PMID: 32120984 PMCID: PMC7152835 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite scaffolds combining carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) with a biocompatible matrix are able to favor the neuronal differentiation and growth of a number of cell types, because they mimic neural-tissue nanotopography and/or conductivity. We performed comparative analysis of biomimetic scaffolds with poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) matrix and three different p-methoxyphenyl functionalized carbon nanofillers, namely, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), dispersed at varying concentrations. qRT-PCR analysis of the modulation of neuronal markers in human circulating multipotent cells cultured on nanocomposite scaffolds showed high variability in their expression patterns depending on the scaffolds’ inhomogeneities. Local stimuli variation could result in a multi- to oligopotency shift and commitment towards multiple cell lineages, which was assessed by the qRT-PCR profiling of markers for neural, adipogenic, and myogenic cell lineages. Less conductive scaffolds, i.e., bare poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)-, CNH-, and RGO-based nanocomposites, appeared to boost the expression of myogenic-lineage marker genes. Moreover, scaffolds are much more effective on early commitment than in subsequent differentiation. This work suggests that biomimetic PLLA carbon-nanomaterial (PLLA-CNM) scaffolds combined with multipotent autologous cells can represent a powerful tool in the regenerative medicine of multiple tissue types, opening the route to next analyses with specific and standardized scaffold features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Tonellato
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.); (P.B.); (L.T.); (E.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Matteo Gasparotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.); (P.B.); (L.T.); (E.B.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (R.D.L.); (F.F.)
| | - Pietro Bellet
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.); (P.B.); (L.T.); (E.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Lucia Tibaudo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.); (P.B.); (L.T.); (E.B.); (L.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Vicentini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.); (P.B.); (L.T.); (E.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Enzo Menna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (N.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Libero Vitiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.); (P.B.); (L.T.); (E.B.); (L.V.)
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Italy
- Inter-departmental Research Center for Myology (CIR-Myo), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (R.D.L.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Filippini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (M.T.); (P.B.); (L.T.); (E.B.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (R.D.L.); (F.F.)
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Effective reinforcements for thermoplastics based on carbon nanotubes of oil fly ash. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20288. [PMID: 31889106 PMCID: PMC6937296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely investigated for preparing polymer nanocomposites, owing to their unique mechanical properties. However, dispersing CNTs uniformly in a polymer matrix and controlling their entanglement/agglomeration are still big technical challenges to be overcome. The costs of their raw materials and production are also still high. In this work, we propose the use of CNTs grown on oil fly ash to solve these issues. The CNTs of oil fly ash were evaluated as reinforcing materials for some common thermoplastics. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was mainly reinforced with various weight fractions of CNTs. Xylene was used as a solvent to dissolve HDPE and to uniformly disperse the CNTs. Significantly enhanced mechanical properties of HDPE reinforced at a low weight fraction of these CNTs (1–2 wt.%), mainly the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, stiffness, and hardness, were observed. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus were enhanced by ~20 and 38%, respectively. Moreover, the nanoindentation results were found to be in support to these findings. Polycarbonate, polypropylene, and polystyrene were also preliminarily evaluated after reinforcement with 1 wt.% CNTs. The tensile strength and Young’s Modulus were increased after reinforcement with CNTs. These results demonstrate that the CNTs of the solid waste, oil fly ash, might serve as an appropriate reinforcing material for different thermoplastics polymers.
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Papadopoulou EL, Basnett P, Paul UC, Marras S, Ceseracciu L, Roy I, Athanassiou A. Green Composites of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Containing Graphene Nanoplatelets with Desirable Electrical Conductivity and Oxygen Barrier Properties. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19746-19755. [PMID: 31788606 PMCID: PMC6881833 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a green polymer originating from prokaryotic microbes, has been used to prepare composites with graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) at different concentrations. The films were fabricated by drop-casting and were hot-pressed at a temperature lower than their melting point to provide the molecular chains enough energy to reorientate while avoiding melting and degradation. It was found that hot-pressing increases crystallinity and improves mechanical properties. The Young's modulus increased from 1.2 to 1.6 GPa for the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) films and from 0.5 to 2.2 GPa for the 15 wt % P(3HB)/GnP composites. Electrical resistivity decreases enormously with GnP concentration and hot-pressing, reaching 6 Ω sq-1 for the hot-pressed 30 wt % P(3HB)/GnP composite. Finally, the hot-pressed P(3HB) samples exhibit remarkable oxygen barrier properties, with oxygen permeability reaching 2800 mL μm m-2 day-1, which becomes 895 mL μm m-2 day-1 when 15% GnP is added to the biopolymer matrix, one of the lowest values known for biopolymers and biocomposites. We propose that these biocomposites are used for elastic packaging and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evie L. Papadopoulou
- Smart
Materials and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Pooja Basnett
- Applied
Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of
Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of
Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K.
| | - Uttam C. Paul
- Smart
Materials and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Sergio Marras
- Smart
Materials and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Luca Ceseracciu
- Smart
Materials and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Applied
Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of
Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of
Westminster, London W1W 6UW, U.K.
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Athanassia Athanassiou
- Smart
Materials and Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa 16163, Italy
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Gezahegn S, Lai R, Huang L, Chen L, Huang F, Blozowski N, Thomas SC, Sain M, Tjong J, Jaffer S, Behravesh A, Weimin Y. Porous graphitic biocarbon and reclaimed carbon fiber derived environmentally benign lightweight composites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:363-373. [PMID: 30743128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo-derived biocarbon (BA900) and wood-derived biocarbon (THOC700) have exhibited graphite-like characteristics through transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy analysis. Lightweight composites of biocarbons were manufactured by a mechanism of shear controlled melt-phase mixing, ensuring the preservation of biocarbon pore structures and simultaneously taking full advantage of low density polyolefin substrates. Effective tensile strength was improved by approximately 10% in the polypropylene-based bamboo carbon composite, whereas no appreciable improvement was observed in the tensile and impact strength of bamboo-derived biocarbon formulations compared to neat polymer. However, the tensile and flexural moduli and flexural strength of the THOC700-PP composites were significantly enhanced, by 56%, 67%, and 19%, respectively, compared to neat polymer. The most significant finding of the investigation was the retention of density in polyolefin polymer (ρPP = 0.91; ρTHOC = 0.95; ρBA900 = 0.99), with enhanced mechanical performance useful for lightweighting applications. Bamboo biocarbon provides a viable alternative to another abundantly available industrial carbon feedstock, reclaimed carbon fiber (RCF), in manufacturing thermoplastic composites. The origin of the carbon plays an important role in defining ultimate composite performance. A mechanism for retaining lightweight structural performance has been proposed in this original work, paving the way to develop next-generation lightweight thermoplastic structures for transportation and other industrial and consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sossina Gezahegn
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Runshen Lai
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Nyk Blozowski
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Sean C Thomas
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Mohini Sain
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada; Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Jimi Tjong
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Shaffiq Jaffer
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Amir Behravesh
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Earth Sciences Building, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Yang Weimin
- Adjunct, BUCT (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), PR China
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Ren H, Cunha E, Sun Q, Li Z, Kinloch IA, Young RJ, Fan Z. Surface functionality analysis by Boehm titration of graphene nanoplatelets functionalized via a solvent-free cycloaddition reaction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1432-1441. [PMID: 36132604 PMCID: PMC9417147 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) performed by a solvent-free cycloaddition reaction on GNPs with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA), and the functionality analysis of the resulting functionalized GNPs (f-GNPs) by Boehm titration are introduced. The f-GNPs synthesized at different temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural and morphological properties. Back titration of the f-GNPs selectively identified 3 types of functional groups on the f-GNP surface, carboxylic, lactonic and phenolic, and suggested that 200 °C gives the highest carboxylic group functionality. With the reaction temperature increasing from 180 to 220 °C, a decrease in the phenolic functionality and an increase in that of lactonic are observed. In the case of 250 °C reactions, it was found that the carboxylic functionality is greatly reduced, while the phenolic functionality showed a significant increase. The f-GNP samples were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the results of which showed a good agreement with the titration analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM) Beijing China
| | - Eunice Cunha
- National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Quanji Sun
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM) Beijing China
| | - Zheling Li
- National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ian A Kinloch
- National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Robert J Young
- National Graphene Institute, School of Materials, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Zhaodong Fan
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM) Beijing China
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15
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Pomorska A, Wolski K, Wytrwal-Sarna M, Bernasik A, Zapotoczny S. Polymer brushes grafted from nanostructured zinc oxide layers – Spatially controlled decoration of nanorods. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Wang B, Iocozzia J, Zhang M, Ye M, Yan S, Jin H, Wang S, Zou Z, Lin Z. The charge carrier dynamics, efficiency and stability of two-dimensional material-based perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4854-4891. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00254e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the use of two-dimensional (2D) materials for perovskites solar cells (PSCs) are summarized. The effects of their unique optical and electrical properties on the charge carrier dynamics of PSCs are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - James Iocozzia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Meidan Ye
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research
- Department of Physics
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen, 361005
| | - Shicheng Yan
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Huile Jin
- Nano-materials & Chemistry Key Laboratory
- Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shun Wang
- Nano-materials & Chemistry Key Laboratory
- Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technologies
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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17
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Cunha E, Ren H, Lin F, Kinloch IA, Sun Q, Fan Z, Young RJ. The chemical functionalization of graphene nanoplatelets through solvent-free reaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33564-33573. [PMID: 35548120 PMCID: PMC9086447 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04817g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were functionalized through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide using a solvent-free approach and under different reaction conditions. The yield and the functionality of the carboxyl-terminated pyrrolidine ring attached on the surface of GNPs could be affected by varying the reaction temperature as well as the reactant to GNP weight ratio. The functionalized GNPs were characterized extensively using a range of spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. Carboxyl-terminated pyrrolidine functionalized graphene nanoplatelets through a solvent-free reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Cunha
- National Graphene Institute and School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - He Ren
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Fei Lin
- National Graphene Institute and School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Ian A. Kinloch
- National Graphene Institute and School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Quanji Sun
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhaodong Fan
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials (BIAM)
- Beijing
- China
| | - Robert J. Young
- National Graphene Institute and School of Materials
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
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18
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Effect of functional groups on the properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyvinylidenefluoride composite membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Au H, Rubio N, Shaffer MSP. Brominated graphene as a versatile precursor for multifunctional grafting. Chem Sci 2017; 9:209-217. [PMID: 29629089 PMCID: PMC5869303 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03455e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-destructive and versatile chemical reduction method was used to dissolve and subsequently brominate few-layer graphene sheets (FLGs). The brominated FLGs provide a convenient precursor for the synthesis of a variety of directly functionalised graphenes.
A non-destructive and versatile chemical reduction method was used to dissolve and subsequently brominate few-layer graphene sheets (FLGs); the direct covalent attachment of bromine to the graphene framework was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The brominated few-layer graphenes (FLG-Br) provide a convenient, stable, liquid-phase precursor, suitable for the synthesis of a variety of directly functionalised graphenes. As an example, the FLG-Br species was used to initiate atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP), to obtain poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted graphene (FLG-PMMA), which was six times more dispersible in acetone than controls. In addition, the FLG-Br is active for nucleophilic substitution reactions, as illustrated by the preparation of methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG)- and OH-substituted derivatives. The products were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), XPS and Raman spectroscopy. Grafting ratios (GR) for these polymer-grafted materials varied between 6 and 25%; even at these GRs, all graphene derivatives showed increased solubility in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Au
- Departments of Chemistry & Materials , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Departments of Chemistry & Materials , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Milo S P Shaffer
- Departments of Chemistry & Materials , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
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20
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Rubio N, Au H, Leese HS, Hu S, Clancy AJ, Shaffer MSP. Grafting from versus Grafting to Approaches for the Functionalization of Graphene Nanoplatelets with Poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Rubio
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Heather Au
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Hannah S. Leese
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Adam J. Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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