Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review

The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.

Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of ammosamide B with pyrroloquinoline derivatives as novel BRD4 inhibitors

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), which is a member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family, plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression as the "reader" of epigenetic regulation. BRD4 has become a promising target to treat cancer, because the up-regulation of BRD4 expression is closely associated with the occurrence and development of various cancers. At present, several BRD4 inhibitors are in clinical trials for cancer therapy, but no BRD4 inhibitors are on the market. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of compounds bearing pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolin-2(1H)-one scaffold through structural modification of natural products ammosamide B, which is a natural pyrroloquinoline derivative reported for its potential antitumor activity. All target compounds were evaluated for their BRD4 BD1 inhibition activities via the protein thermal shift assays or AlphaSceen assay. The representative compound 49 showed potent activity (IC₅₀ = 120 nM). The co-crystal of compound 49 with BRD4 BD1 was solved to study the structure activity relationship, which showed that 49 could combine with the acetyl lysine binding site and formed a hydrogen bond with the conserved residue Asn140. The results demonstrate that compound 49 is worthy of further investigation as a promising BRD4 inhibitor.

A look around the West Indies: The spices of life are secondary metabolites

Natural products possess a wide range of bioactivities with potential for therapeutic usage. While the distribution of these molecules can vary greatly there is some correlation that exists between the biodiversity of an environment and the uniqueness and concentration of natural products found in that region or area. The Caribbean and pan-Caribbean area is home to thousands of species of endemic fauna and flora providing huge potential for natural product discovery and by way, potential leads for drug development. This can especially be said for marine natural products as many of are rapidly diluted through diffusion once released and therefore are highly potent to achieve long reaching effects. This review seeks to highlight a small selection of marine natural products from the Caribbean region which possess antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and antipathogenic properties while highlighting any synthetic efforts towards bioactive analogs.