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El Baraka Y, Hamdoun G, El Brahmi N, El Kazzouli S. Unlocking the Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for C-H Activation and Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4651. [PMID: 37375204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry principles have underpinned the development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). In this brief overview, we discuss the potential of DESs as a greener alternative to volatile organic solvents for cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions in organic chemistry. DESs offer numerous benefits, such as easy preparation, low toxicity, high biodegradability, and the potential to replace volatile organic compounds. The ability of DESs to recover the catalyst-solvent system enhances their sustainability. This review highlights recent advances and challenges in utilizing DESs as a reaction media, as well as the impact of physicochemical properties on the reaction process. Several types of reactions are studied to highlight their effectiveness at promoting C-C bond formation. Aside from demonstrating the success of DESs in this context, this review also discusses the limitations and future prospects of DESs in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Baraka
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
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2
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Structure-dependent regioselectivity of a roll-over cyclopalladation occuring at 2,2′-bipyridine-type ligands. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Zucca A, Pilo MI. Rollover Cyclometalation as a Valuable Tool for Regioselective C-H Bond Activation and Functionalization. Molecules 2021; 26:E328. [PMID: 33435257 PMCID: PMC7827749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rollover cyclometalation constitutes a particular case of cyclometallation reaction. This reaction occurs when a chelated heterocyclic ligand loses its bidentate coordination mode and undergoes an internal rotation, after which a remote C-H bond is regioselectively activated, affording an uncommon cyclometalated complex, called "rollover cyclometalated complex". The key of the process is the internal rotation of the ligand, which occurs before the C-H bond activation and releases from coordination a donor atom. The new "rollover" ligand has peculiar properties, being a ligand with multiple personalities, no more a spectator in the reactivity of the complex. The main reason of this peculiarity is the presence of an uncoordinated donor atom (the one initially involved in the chelation), able to promote a series of reactions not available for classic cyclometalated complexes. The rollover reaction is highly regioselective, because the activated C-H bond is usually in a symmetric position with respect to the donor atom which detaches from the metal stating the rollover process. Due to this novel behavior, a series of potential applications have appeared in the literature, in fields such as catalysis, organic synthesis, and advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zucca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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4
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Ouyang L, Xia Y, Liao J, Luo R. One‐Pot Transfer Hydrogenation Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones by Iridium Complexes “on Water”. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Yanping Xia
- School of Pharmacy Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmacy Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- School of Pharmacy Gannan Medical University 341000 Ganzhou Jiangxi Province P. R. China
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5
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Omprakash Rathi J, Subray Shankarling G. Recent Advances in the Protection of Amine Functionality: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Omprakash Rathi
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology N. P. Marg, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400 019 India
| | - Ganapati Subray Shankarling
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology N. P. Marg, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400 019 India
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology N. P. Marg, Matunga (E) Mumbai 400 019 India
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6
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Saavedra B, González‐Gallardo N, Meli A, Ramón DJ. A Bipyridine‐Palladium Derivative as General Pre‐Catalyst for Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Saavedra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO)Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Nerea González‐Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO)Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Alessandro Meli
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO)Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze BiologicheChimiche e Farmaceutiche Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Diego J. Ramón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO)Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
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7
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Alshakova ID, Nikonov GI. Selective Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Amines by Reductive
N‐
Alkylation of Nitriles and
N‐
Alkylation of Amines and Ammonium Formate Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complex. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna D. Alshakova
- Chemistry DepartmentBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines Niagara Region L2 S 3 A1 Ontario Canada
| | - Georgii I. Nikonov
- Chemistry DepartmentBrock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines Niagara Region L2 S 3 A1 Ontario Canada
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8
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Li J, Wang B, Qin Y, Tao Q, Chen L. MOF-derived Ni@NC catalyst: synthesis, characterization, and application in one-pot hydrogenation and reductive amination. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00734b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MOF-derived Ni@NC is prepared and used as highly selective catalyst for one-pot hydrogenation and reductive amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Bowei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Yutian Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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9
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Kayacı N, Dayan S, Özdemir N, Dayan O, Kalaycıoğlu Özpozan N. One-pot stepwise reductive amination reaction by N
-coordinate sulfonamido-functionalized Ru(II) complexes in water. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Kayacı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Erciyes University; 38039 Kayseri Turkey
| | - Serkan Dayan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Erciyes University; 38039 Kayseri Turkey
| | - Namık Özdemir
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education; Ondokuz Mayıs University; 55139 Samsun Turkey
| | - Osman Dayan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University; 17100 Çanakkale Turkey
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10
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Özbozkurt İK, Gülcemal D, Günnaz S, Gökçe AG, Çetinkaya B, Gülcemal S. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Oxygen-Tethered IrIII
NHC Complexes in Aqueous Transfer Hydrogenative Reductive Amination Reactions: Experimental Kinetic and Mechanistic Study. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Derya Gülcemal
- Department of Chemistry; Ege University; 35100 Bornova, Izmir Turkey
| | - Salih Günnaz
- Department of Chemistry; Ege University; 35100 Bornova, Izmir Turkey
| | - Aytaç Gürhan Gökçe
- Department of Physics; Adnan Menderes University; 09010 Efeler, Aydın Turkey
| | - Bekir Çetinkaya
- Department of Chemistry; Ege University; 35100 Bornova, Izmir Turkey
| | - Süleyman Gülcemal
- Department of Chemistry; Ege University; 35100 Bornova, Izmir Turkey
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11
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Synthesis and spectral studies of sterically hindered half-sandwich d 6 metal complexes containing quinoxaline based electron rich heterocyclic pyrazoles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Leist M, Kerner C, Ghoochany LT, Farsadpour S, Fizia A, Neu JP, Schön F, Sun Y, Oelkers B, Lang J, Menges F, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Salih KS, Thiel WR. Roll-over cyclometalation: A versatile tool to enhance the catalytic activity of transition metal complexes. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Schön F, Leist M, Neuba A, Lang J, Braun C, Sun Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Bräse S, Thiel WR. A direct access to heterobimetallic complexes by roll-over cyclometallation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12016-12019. [PMID: 29057406 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of the type [Cp*Ir(N,N')Cl]+ (N,N' = 2-(2-dialkylaminopyrimidin-4-yl)pyrimidine) can undergo roll-over cyclometallation leading to a novel N,N'-donor site. Following this strategy heterobimetallic complexes including iridium(iii) and a Group X metal centre in the oxidation state +II were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schön
- Fachbereich Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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14
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Christie F, Zanotti-Gerosa A, Grainger D. Hydrogenation and Reductive Amination of Aldehydes using Triphos Ruthenium Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Christie
- School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; EaStCHEM; St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Damian Grainger
- Johnson Matthey; 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road Cambridge CB4 0FP UK
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15
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Viji M, Tyagi N, Ramaiah D. Design of Air and Moisture Stable Ruthenophane and Ruthenium(II)-π Complexes and Study of Their Applications in Catalysis. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mambattakkara Viji
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST; Thiruvananthapuram- 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST campus; India
| | - Nidhi Tyagi
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST; Thiruvananthapuram- 695 019 India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Director, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Jorhat- 785 006, Assam India
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16
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Fizia A, Gaffga M, Lang J, Sun Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Thiel WR. Cyclopalladation in the Periphery of a NHC Ligand as the Crucial Step in the Synthesis of Highly Active Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Catalysts. Chemistry 2017; 23:14563-14575. [PMID: 28783207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Starting from 2,4-dichloropyrimidine, 4-(2-dialkylamino)pyrimidinyl functionalized mesitylimidazolium chlorides are accessible in a five-step reaction sequence. Two routes leading to palladium NHC complexes derived from these ligands have been worked out: By transmetalation with the corresponding NHC-AgCl complexes, C,N-coordinated palladium(II) complexes can be obtained. Treatment of palladium dichloride with the imidazolium salts in pyridine and in the presence of K2 CO3 gives cyclometalated and thus C,C-coordinated compounds. The reactivities of all these compounds were investigated in detail as well as their performance in the catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. It turned out that the C,C-coordinated derivatives exhibit high catalytic activities in the coupling of arylboronic acids with aryl chlorides, which is consistent with the generally accepted mechanistic ideas on substrate activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Fizia
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gaffga
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes Lang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Werner R Thiel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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17
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Mai VH, Lee SH, Nikonov GI. Transfer Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Substrates by Half-sandwich Ruthenium Catalysts using Ammonium Formate as Reducing Reagent. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Hung Mai
- Department of Chemistry; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines ON L2S 3 A1 Canada
| | - San-Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines ON L2S 3 A1 Canada
| | - Georgii I. Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry; Brock University; 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines ON L2S 3 A1 Canada
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18
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Menges FS, Lang J, Nosenko Y, Kerner C, Gaffga M, Ghoochany LT, Thiel WR, Riehn C, Niedner-Schatteburg G. Exploring the Gas-Phase Activation and Reactivity of a Ruthenium Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst by Experiment and Theory in Concert. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4422-4434. [PMID: 28509543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidates structures, activation barriers, and the gas-phase reactivity of cationic ruthenium transfer hydrogenation catalysts of the structural type [(η6-cym)RuX(pympyr)]+. In these complexes, the central ruthenium(+II) ion is coordinated to an η6-bound p-cymene (η6-cym), a bidentate 2-R-4-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimidine ligand (pympyr) with R = NH2 or N(CH3)2, and an anion X = I-, Br-, Cl-, or CF3SO3-. We present infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IR-MPD) spectra of precursors (before HCl loss) and of activated complexes (after HCl loss), which elucidates C-H activation as the key step in the activation mechanism. A resonant two-color IR-MPD scheme serves to record several otherwise "dark" bands and enhances the validity of spectral assignments. We show that collision-induced dissociation (CID)-derived activation energies of the [(η6-cym)RuX(pympyr)]+ (R = N(CH3)2) complexes depend crucially on the anion X. The obtained activation energies for the HX loss correlate well with quantum chemical activation barriers and are in line with the HSAB concept. We further elucidate the reaction of the activated complexes with D2 under single-collision conditions. Quantum mechanical simulations substantiate that the resulting species represent analogues for hydrido intermediates formed after abstraction of H+ and H- from isopropanol, as postulated for the catalytic cycle of transfer hydrogenation by us before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian S Menges
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Johannes Lang
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yevgeniy Nosenko
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christian Kerner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gaffga
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Leila Taghizadeh Ghoochany
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Werner R Thiel
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christoph Riehn
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern , 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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19
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Kerner C, Neu JP, Gaffga M, Lang J, Oelkers B, Sun Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Thiel WR. Gas-phase reactivity of Cp* group IX metal complexes bearing aromatic N,N′-chelating ligands. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Compounds of the type [(η5-Cp*)M(Cl)(N,N′)]+ bearing N,N′-coordinating ligands show different modes of HCl cleavage depending on the nature of the N,N′-chelate ligand and the metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kerner
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Jens P. Neu
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Maximilian Gaffga
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
- State Research Centre OPTIMAS
| | - Johannes Lang
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
- State Research Centre OPTIMAS
| | - Benjamin Oelkers
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
- State Research Centre OPTIMAS
| | - Werner R. Thiel
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
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20
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Sribalan R, Sangili A, Banuppriya G, Padmini V. An efficient synthesis of nitrile, tetrazole and urea from carbonyl compounds. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03860c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Kerner C, Lang J, Gaffga M, Menges FS, Sun Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Thiel WR. Mechanistic Studies on Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Base-Free Transfer Hydrogenation Triggered by Roll-Over Cyclometalation. Chempluschem 2016; 82:212-224. [PMID: 31961548 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-substituted pyridine-pyrimidine ligands and their complexation with arene ruthenium(II) chloride moieties is reported. Depending on the electronic and steric influences of the ligand, the catalysts undergo CH activation by roll-over cyclometalation. This process opens up the route to the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones with isopropanol as the hydrogen source under base-free and mild conditions. Barriers related to the roll-over cyclometalation process can be determined experimentally by collision-induced dissociation ESI mass spectrometry. They are supported by DFT calculations and allow the classification of the ligands according to their electronic and steric properties, which is also in accordance with critical bond parameters derived from X-ray structure data. DFT calculations furthermore reveal that the formation of a ruthenium(II) hydrido species is plausible through β-hydride elimination from isopropanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kerner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes Lang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gaffga
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fabian S Menges
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Werner R Thiel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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