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Tamba S, Nitani M, Seo T, Nitta H, Tanaka H, Hagiya K, Aso Y, Ie Y. Tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyridine-Containing π-Conjugated Systems: Synthesis, Properties, and Semiconducting Characteristics. Org Lett 2022; 24:3792-3796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tamba
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masashi Nitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takuji Seo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hajime Nitta
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tanaka
- Toyobo Co., Ltd., 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu, Shiga 520-0292, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Bégué D, Dargelos A, Braybrook C, Wentrup C. Heteroarylcarbene-Arylnitrene Radical Cation Isomerizations. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2073-2079. [PMID: 30791685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Phenyltetrazole 1e is an important source of phenylnitrene or the phenylnitrene radical cation ( m/ z 91) under thermal, photochemical, and electron impact conditions. Similarly, 3- or 4-(5-tetrazolyl)pyridines 12b,c yield pyridylnitrene radical cations 9a•+ ( m/ z 92) upon electron impact. In contrast, 2-(5-tetrazolyl)pyridine 12a•+ generates 2-pyridyldiazomethane 24•+ and 2-pyridylcarbene 26•+ radical cations ( m/ z 119 and 91) upon electron impact. The 2-pyridylcarbene radical cation undergoes a carbene-nitrene rearrangement to yield the phenylnitrene radical cation. Calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level have revealed facile H-transfer from the tetrazole to the pyridine ring in 2-(5-tetrazolyl)pyridine, 12a•+ → 21•+, taking place in the radical cations. Subsequent losses of N2 generate the pyridinium diazomethyl radical 22•+ or pyridinium-2-carbyne 23•+. These two ions can isomerize to 2-pyridyldiazomethane 24•+ and 2-pyridylcarbene 26•+, the latter rearranging to the phenylnitrene radical cations 9a•+. 13C-labeling of the tetrazole rings confirmed that 2-(5-tetrazolyl)pyridine 12a generates 2-pyridylcarbene/phenylnitrene radical cations retaining the 13C label, but 4-(5-tetrazolyl)pyridine 12c generates 4-pyridylnitrene 18c•+, which has lost the 13C label. 2-Pyridylcarbene/phenylnitrene radical cations ( m/ z 91) also constitute the base peak in the mass spectrum of 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5- a]pyridine 34. Similarly, 4-pyridylnitrene radical cation 18c•+ or its isomers ( m/ z 92) is obtained from 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5- a]pyrazine 36. Several other α-heteroaryltetrazoles behave in the same way as 2-(5-tetrazolyl)pyridine, yielding heteroarylcarbene/arylnitrene radical cations in the mass spectrometer, and this was confirmed by 13C-labeling in the case of 1-(5-tetrazolyl)isoquinoline 42-13C. In general, 5-aryltetrazoles generate arylnitrene radical cations under electron impact, but α-heteroaryltetrazoles generate α-heteroarylcarbene radical cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Bégué
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254 , CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , 64000 Pau , France
| | - Alain Dargelos
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254 , CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , 64000 Pau , France
| | - Carl Braybrook
- Ian Wark Laboratory , Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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Bégué D, Dargelos A, Braybrook C, Wentrup C. Phenylnitrene Radical Cation and Its Isomers from Tetrazoles, Nitrile Imines, Indazole, and Benzimidazole. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1410-1422. [PMID: 30689388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenylnitrene radical cations m/ z 91, C6H5N, 8a•+ are observed in the mass spectra of 1-, 2-, and 5-phenyltetrazoles, even though no C-N bond is present in 5-phenyltetrazole. Calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory indicate that initial formation of the C-phenylimidoylnitrene 13•+ and/or benzonitrile imine radical cation 19•+ from 1 H- and 2 H-5-phenyltetrazoles 11 and 12 is followed by isomerizations of 13•+ to the phenylcyanamide ion 15•+ over a low barrier. A cyclization of imidoylnitrene ion 13•+ onto the benzene ring offers alternate, very facile routes to the phenylnitrene ion 8a•+ and the phenylcarbodiimide ion 14•+ via the azabicyclooctadienimine 16•+. Eliminations of HNC or HCN from 14•+ and 15•+ again yield the phenylnitrene radical cation 8a•+. A direct 1,3-H shift isomerizing phenylcarbodiimide ion 14•+ to the phenylcyanamide ion 15•+ requires a very high activation energy of 114 kcal/mol, and this reaction needs not be involved. The benzonitrile imine -3-phenyl-1 H-diazirine-phenylimidoylnitrene-phenylcarbodiimide/phenylcyanamide rearrangement has parallels in thermal and photochemical processes, but the facile cyclization of imidoylnitrene 13•+ to azabicyclooctadienimine 16•+ is facilitated by the positive charge making the nitrene more electrophilic. Furthermore, the benzonitrile imine radical cation 19•+ can cyclize to indazole 24•+, and a series of intramolecular rearrangements via hydrogen shifts, ring-openings and ring closures allow the interconversion of numerous ions of composition C7H6N2•+, including 19•+, 24•+, the benzimidazole ion 38•+ and o-aminobenzonitrile ion 40•+, all of which can eliminate either HCN or HNC to yield the C6H5N•+ ions of phenylnitrene, 8a•+, and/or iminocyclohexadienylidene, 34•+. Moreover, benzonitrile imine 19•+ can behave like a benzylic carbenium ion, undergoing a novel ring expansion to cycloheptatetraenyldiazene 45•+. The N-phenylnitrile imine ion 2d•+ derived from 2-phenyltetrazole 1d cleaves efficiently to the phenylnitrene ion 8a•+ but may also cyclize to the indazole ion 24•+. The N-phenylimidoylnitrene 59•+ derived from 1-phenyltetrazole 5d undergoes facile isomerization to the phenylcyanamide ion 15•+ and hence phenylnitrene radical cation 8a•+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Bégué
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254 , CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , 64000 , Pau , France
| | - Alain Dargelos
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254 , CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , 64000 , Pau , France
| | - Carl Braybrook
- Ian Wark Laboratory , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3169 , Australia
| | - Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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Abstract
The electronic structure and the rearrangements of the phenylnitrene radical cation C6H5N.+ 2.+ have been investigated at DFT and CASPT2(7,9) levels of theory. The 2B2 state has the lowest energy of five identified electronic states, and it can undergo ring expansion to the 1-azacycloheptetetraene radical cation 4.+ with an activation energy of ca. 28 kcal/mol. Ring opening and recyclization provide a route to 5-cyanocyclopentadiene radical cation 8.+, which may undergo facile 1,5-hydrogen shifts. The 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridylcarbene radical cations 31.+, 35.+ , and 39.+ interconvert with the phenylnitrene radical cation via azacycloheptatetraenes with activation barriers <35 kcal/mol. The carbene-carbene and carbene-nitrene rearrangements, ring expansions, ring contractions, ring openings (e.g., to cyanopentadienylidene 28.+), and cyclizations taking place in all these radical cations are completely analogous to the thermal and photochemical rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux , UMR5254, 64000 Pau , France
| | - Alain Dargelos
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA , Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux , UMR5254, 64000 Pau , France
| | - Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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Wentrup C. Carbenes and Nitrenes: Recent Developments in Fundamental Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11508-11521. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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Chapyshev SV, Ushakov EN. Electron impact generation of tetraazidocyclobutadiene radical cation from tetraazidopyridine-2-carbonitrile. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wentrup C. Carbene und Nitrene: Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Grundlagenchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australien
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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