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Salvatti BA, Chagas MA, Fernandes PO, Ladeira YFX, Bozzi AS, Valadares VS, Valente AP, de Miranda AS, Rocha WR, Maltarollo VG, Moraes AH. Understanding the Enzyme ( S)-Norcoclaurine Synthase Promiscuity to Aldehydes and Ketones. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:4462-4474. [PMID: 38776464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The (S)-norcoclaurine synthase from Thalictrum flavum (TfNCS) stereoselectively catalyzes the Pictet-Spengler reaction between dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde to give (S)-norcoclaurine. TfNCS can catalyze the Pictet-Spengler reaction with various aldehydes and ketones, leading to diverse tetrahydroisoquinolines. This substrate promiscuity positions TfNCS as a highly promising enzyme for synthesizing fine chemicals. Understanding carbonyl-containing substrates' structural and electronic signatures that influence TfNCS activity can help expand its applications in the synthesis of different compounds and aid in protein optimization strategies. In this study, we investigated the influence of the molecular properties of aldehydes and ketones on their reactivity in the TfNCS-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction. Initially, we compiled a library of reactive and unreactive compounds from previous publications. We also performed enzymatic assays using nuclear magnetic resonance to identify some reactive and unreactive carbonyl compounds, which were then included in the library. Subsequently, we employed QSAR and DFT calculations to establish correlations between substrate-candidate structures and reactivity. Our findings highlight correlations of structural and stereoelectronic features, including the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group, to the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones toward the TfNCS-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction. Interestingly, experimental data of seven compounds out of fifty-three did not correlate with the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group. For these seven compounds, we identified unfavorable interactions between them and the TfNCS. Our results demonstrate the applications of in silico techniques in understanding enzyme promiscuity and specificity, with a particular emphasis on machine learning methodologies, DFT electronic structure calculations, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno A Salvatti
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Chagas
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, João Monlevade, Minas Gerais 35930-314, Brazil
| | - Phillipe O Fernandes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yan F X Ladeira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Aline S Bozzi
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Veronica S Valadares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Amanda S de Miranda
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Willian R Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vinicius G Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adolfo H Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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2
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Niu ZX, Wang YT, Wang JF. Recent advances in total synthesis of protoberberine and chiral tetrahydroberberine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38712365 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Covering: Up to 2024Due to the widespread distribution of protoberberine alkaloids (PBs) and tetrahydroberberine alkaloids (THPBs) in nature, coupled with their myriad unique physiological activities, they have garnered considerable attention from medical practitioners. Over the past few decades, synthetic chemists have devised various total synthesis methods to attain these structures, continually expanding reaction pathways to achieve more efficient synthetic strategies. Simultaneously, the chiral construction of THPBs has become a focal point. In this comprehensive review, we categorically summarized the developmental trajectory of the total synthesis of these alkaloids based on the core closure strategies of protoberberine and tetrahydroberberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xi Niu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 125 Nashua Street, Suite 660, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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3
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Kim A, Ngamnithiporn A, Du E, Stoltz BM. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids (2002-2020). Chem Rev 2023; 123:9447-9496. [PMID: 37429001 PMCID: PMC10416225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) natural products constitute one of the largest families of alkaloids and exhibit a wide range of structural diversity and biological activity. Ranging from simple THIQ natural products to complex trisTHIQ alkaloids such as the ecteinascidins, the chemical syntheses of these alkaloids and their analogs have been thoroughly investigated due to their intricate structural features and functionalities, as well as their high therapeutic potential. This review describes the general structure and biosynthesis of each family of THIQ alkaloids as well as recent advancements of the total synthesis of these natural products from 2002 to 2020. Recent chemical syntheses that have emerged harnessing novel, creative synthetic design, and modern chemical methodology will be highlighted. This review will hopefully serve as a guide for the unique strategies and tools used in the total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids, as well as address the longstanding challenges in their chemical and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia
N. Kim
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, 54 Kamphaeng
Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Emily Du
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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Biswas A. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Pictet‐Spengler Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Biswas
- Departmentof Chemistry Hooghly Women's College Vivekanada Road, Pipulpati Hooghly 712102 India
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5
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Scharf MJ, List B. A Catalytic Asymmetric Pictet-Spengler Platform as a Biomimetic Diversification Strategy toward Naturally Occurring Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15451-15456. [PMID: 35976162 PMCID: PMC9446894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids constitute a
large and
diverse class of bioactive natural products, with the parent compounds
and related downstream biosynthetic secondary metabolites spanning
thousands of isolated structures. Chemoenzymatic synthetic approaches
toward the relevant THIQs rely on Pictet–Spenglerases such
as norcoclaurine synthase (NCS), the scope of which is strictly limited
to dopamine-related phenolic substrates. To overcome these limitations
in the context of chemical synthesis, we herein report asymmetric
Pictet–Spengler reactions of N-carbamoyl-β-arylethylamines
with diverse aldehydes toward enantioenriched THIQs. The obtained
products proved to be competent intermediates in the synthesis of
THIQ, aporphine, tetrahydroberberine, morphinan, and androcymbine
natural products. Novel catalyst design with regard to the stabilization
of cationic intermediates was crucial to accomplish high reactivity
while simultaneously achieving unprecedented stereoselectivity for
the reaction of biologically relevant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Scharf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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6
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Yasukawa T, Sakamoto K, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Homologation of Aryl Aldehydes Using Nitromethane as a C1 Source Enabled by Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Supported Palladium Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yasukawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Karin Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu̅ Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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7
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Kim AN, Ngamnithiporn A, Bartberger MD, Stoltz BM. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric trans-Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Disubstituted Isoquinolines. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3227-3232. [PMID: 35414874 PMCID: PMC8926345 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the first asymmetric trans-selective hydrogenation of 1,3-disubstituted isoquinolines is reported. Utilizing [Ir(cod)Cl]2 and a commercially available chiral Josiphos ligand, a variety of differentially substituted isoquinolines are hydrogenated to produce enantioenriched trans-tetrahydroisoquinolines in good yield with high levels of enantioselectivity. Directing group studies demonstrate that the hydroxymethyl functionality at the C1 position is critical for hydrogenation to favor the trans-diastereomer. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that non-coordinating chlorinated solvents and halide additives are crucial to enable trans-selectivity. trans-Selective asymmetric hydrogenation of 1,3-disubstituted isoquinolines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia N Kim
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | | | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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8
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Wang N, Wu Z, Wang J, Ullah N, Lu Y. Recent applications of asymmetric organocatalytic annulation reactions in natural product synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9766-9793. [PMID: 34286704 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed remarkable growth of asymmetric organocatalysis, which is now a firmly established synthetic tool, serving as a powerful platform for the production of chiral molecules. Ring structures are ubiquitous in organic compounds, and, in the context of natural product synthesis, strategic construction of ring motifs is often crucial, fundamentally impacting the eventual fate of the whole synthetic plan. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and updated summary of asymmetric organocatalytic annulation reactions; in particular, the application of these annulation strategies in natural product synthesis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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9
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Uenishi S, Kakigi R, Hideshima K, Miyawaki A, Matsuoka J, Ogata T, Tomioka K, Yamamoto Y. Asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-javaberine A and (−)-epi-javaberine A based on catalytic intramolecular hydroamination of N-methyl-2-(2-styrylaryl)ethylamine. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Schütz R, Müller M, Gerndt S, Bartel K, Bracher F. Racemic total synthesis and evaluation of the biological activities of the isoquinoline–benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muraricine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000106. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schütz
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Susanne Gerndt
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of Munich Munich Germany
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11
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Yamamoto Y, Kakigi R, Nakano M, Ueno A, Miyawaki A, Tomioka K. Stereoselective Construction of a Berberine C-8 Benzyl Group for the Synthesis of Javaberine Derivatives. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-s(f)36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Schütz R, Meixner M, Antes I, Bracher F. A modular approach to the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine and isotetrandrine. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3047-3068. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A modular short-step synthesis of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine and isotetrandrine was developed employingN-acyl-Pictet–Spengler reaction and Ullman diaryl ether synthesis as central steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schütz
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug Research
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Maximilian Meixner
- TUM School of Life Sciences
- Technical University Munich
- 85354 Freising
- Germany
| | - Iris Antes
- TUM School of Life Sciences
- Technical University Munich
- 85354 Freising
- Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug Research
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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13
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Gabriel P, Gregory AW, Dixon DJ. Iridium-Catalyzed Aza-Spirocyclization of Indole-Tethered Amides: An Interrupted Pictet–Spengler Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:6658-6662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Alex W. Gregory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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14
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Horst B, Wanner MJ, Jørgensen SI, Hiemstra H, van Maarseveen JH. Total Synthesis of the Ortho-Hydroxylated Protoberberines ( S)-Govaniadine, ( S)-Caseamine, and ( S)-Clarkeanidine via a Solvent-Directed Pictet-Spengler Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15110-15117. [PMID: 30451502 PMCID: PMC6328280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The common para regioselectivity in Pictet-Spengler reactions with dopamine derivatives is redirected to the ortho position by a simple change of solvents. In combination with a chiral auxiliary on nitrogen, this ortho-selective Pictet-Spengler produced the 1-benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids ( S)-crassifoline and ( S)-norcrassifoline and the bioactive 1,2-dioxygenated tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids ( S)-govaniadine, ( S)-caseamine, and ( S)-clarkeanidine with high enantiopurity. Ortho/para ratios up to 89:19 and diastereomeric ratios up to 85:15 were obtained during formation of the B-ring. The general applicability of this solvent-directed regioselectivity was demonstrated with a second Pictet-Spengler reaction as required for C-ring formation of caseamine (o/p = 14:86 in trifluoroethanol) and clarkeanidine (o/p = 86:14 in toluene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Horst
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wanner
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Steen Ingemann Jørgensen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Henk Hiemstra
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Maarseveen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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15
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M Heravi M, Zadsirjan V, Malmir M. Application of the Asymmetric Pictet-Spengler Reaction in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products and Relevant Biologically Active Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:E943. [PMID: 29670061 PMCID: PMC6017108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinolines are the framework of numerous natural products predominantly alkaloids, an important and one of the most wide spread families of naturally occurring compounds in the plant kingdom. Tetrahydroisoquinolines are commonly constructed through an old reaction, the so-called Pictet−Spengler Reaction (PSR). In this reaction, a β-aryl ethylamine undergoes an acid mediated condensation with a suitable aldehyde or ketone, followed by ring closure. In this review, we aim to highlight the applications of the asymmetric variant of this old name reaction in the total synthesis of natural products, chiefly, alkaloids, which exhibit significant biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
| | - Masumeh Malmir
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
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16
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Aranzamendi E, Sotomayor N, Lete E. Phenolic Activation in Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular α-Amidoalkylation Reactions for the Synthesis of Fused Isoquinolines. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2706-2718. [PMID: 31457610 PMCID: PMC6641169 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
An organolithium addition-intramolecular α-amidoalkylation sequence on N-phenethylimides has been developed for the synthesis of fused tetrahydroisoquinoline systems using 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (binol)-derived Brønsted acids. This transformation is the first in which activated benzene derivatives are used as internal nucleophiles, instead of electron-rich heteroaromatics, generating a quaternary stereocenter. Phenolic substitution on the aromatic ring of the phenethylamino moiety and the use of binol-derived N-triflylphosphoramides as catalysts are determinants to achieve reasonable levels of enantioselection, that is, up to 75% enantiomeric excess, in the α-amidoalkylation step. The procedure is complementary to the intermolecular α-amidoalkylation process, as opposite enantiomers are formed, and to the Pictet-Spengler cyclization, which allows the formation of tertiary stereocenters.
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17
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Wang SG, Xia ZL, Xu RQ, Liu XJ, Zheng C, You SL. Construction of Chiral Tetrahydro-β-Carbolines: Asymmetric Pictet-Spengler Reaction of Indolyl Dihydropyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7440-7443. [PMID: 28466512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of the enantioenriched tetrahydro-β-carbolines was developed by using a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction of indolyl dihydropyridines. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions to afford the desired chiral tetrahydro-β-carbolines in good to excellent yields (up to 96 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). With this method, a formal synthesis of tangutorine and a total synthesis of deplancheine were achieved in a highly efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Guo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Lei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ren-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xi-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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18
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Wang SG, Xia ZL, Xu RQ, Liu XJ, Zheng C, You SL. Construction of Chiral Tetrahydro-β-Carbolines: Asymmetric Pictet-Spengler Reaction of Indolyl Dihydropyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Guo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zi-Lei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ren-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xi-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
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Wang C, An D, Guan X, Fan Y, Liu G, Zhang G, Zhang S. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 6-Aryl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridines by a Modified Pictet-Spengler Reaction of Biphenyl-2-amines and Aromatic Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoceng Wang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Dong An
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xukai Guan
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Yansen Fan
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Suoqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun P. R. China
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