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Oh MJ, Kownacki I, Kubicki M. Solvent-Free and Efficient Synthesis of Silatranes via an Organocatalytic Protocol under Mild Conditions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:2049-2057. [PMID: 38333205 PMCID: PMC10848291 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The organocatalytic approach to the formation of silatranyl cages permitted the design of a solvent-free and efficient protocol for the preparation of various organosilatranes. We discovered that amidine derivatives efficiently catalyze the conversion of trialkoxysilanes into organosilatranes, and their catalytic activity is related to the pKBH+ values. NMR studies of equimolar reactions of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) with selected substrates allowed proposing a reliable scheme for the transesterification process and silatranyl cage formation. In addition, green chemistry metrics for the scaled-up synthesis of vinylsilatrane (3k) were appointed. Finally, a scheme for the industrial production of silatrane derivatives with DBU and solvent regeneration was proposed, supported by a catalyst recycling experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Joon Oh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kownacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Raveenthrarajan D, Satkunarajah T, Kostiuk BA, Adler MJ. Direct Alkylative Amination Using 1-Allylsilatrane. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301063. [PMID: 37252754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Homoallylic amines prepared via addition of allylsilanes often require preformed imine substrates, metal catalysts, fluoride activators, or use of protected amines. In this metal-free, air- and water-tolerant procedure, aromatic aldehyde and aniline substrates undergo direct alkylative amination using easily accessible 1-allylsilatrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Raveenthrarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Thershan Satkunarajah
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Brooklyn A Kostiuk
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Marc J Adler
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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Glowacki-Pallach B, Lutter M, Schollmeyer D, Hiller W, Jouikov V, Jurkschat K. Extending Chirality in Group XIV Metallatranes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7662-7680. [PMID: 37156016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of the racemic amino alcohol rac-N(CH2CMe2OH)(CMe2CH2OH)(CH2CHMeOH) (L22'1*H3, 2) and its representative N(CH2CMe2OH)(CMe2CH2OH)(CH2C(R)HMeOH) (L22'1RH3, 3) with the stereogenic carbon center being R-configured are reported. Also reported are the stannatranes L22'1*SnOt-Bu (4) L22'1RSnOt-Bu (6) and germatranes L22'1*GeOEt (5) and L22'1RGeOEt (7) as well as the trinuclear tin oxocluster [(μ3-O)(μ3-O-t-Bu){SnL22'1R}3] (8). NMR and IR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS), and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis characterize these compounds. Computational studies accompany the experimental work and help understand the diastereoselectivity observed in the course of the metallatrane syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Glowacki-Pallach
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Lutter
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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Samsonowicz-Górski J, Brodzka A, Ostaszewski R, Koszelewski D. Intensification of Double Kinetic Resolution of Chiral Amines and Alcohols via Chemoselective Formation of a Carbonate-Enzyme Intermediate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144346. [PMID: 35889218 PMCID: PMC9319036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral amines and alcohols are synthons of numerous pharmaceutically-relevant compounds. The previously developed enzymatic kinetic resolution approaches utilize a chiral racemic molecule and achiral acyl donor (or acyl acceptor). Thus, only one enantiodivergent step of the catalytic cycle is engaged, which does not fully exploit the enzyme’s abilities. The first carbonate-mediated example of simultaneous double chemoselective kinetic resolution of chiral amines and alcohols is described. Herein, we established a biocatalytic approach towards four optically-pure compounds (>99% ee, Enantioselectivity: E > 200) via double enzymatic kinetic resolution, engaging chiral organic carbonates as acyl donors. High enantioselectivity was ensured by extraordinary chemoselectivity in lipase-catalyzed formation of unsymmetrical organic carbonates and engaged in a process applicable for the synthesis of enantiopure organic precursors of valuable compounds. This study focused not only on preparative synthesis, but additionally the catalytic mechanism was discussed and the clear impact of this rarely observed carbonate-derived acyl enzyme was shown. The presented protocol is characterized by atom efficiency, acyl donor sustainability, easy acyl group removal, mild reaction conditions, and biocatalyst recyclability, which significantly decreases the cost of the reported process.
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Pixler AS, DeLio AM, Varjosaari SE, Skrypai V, Adler MJ, Gilbert TM. Computational investigation of the effect of alkoxy carbon substitution on the mechanism of carbonyl group reduction by 1-hydridosilatranes. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Azam F, Raveenthrarajan D, Adler MJ. Metal-free selective reduction of acid chlorides to aldehydes using 1-hydrosilatrane. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Skrypai V, Varjosaari SE, Azam F, Gilbert TM, Adler MJ. Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Metal-Free Asymmetric Direct Reductive Amination Using 1-Hydrosilatrane. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5021-5026. [PMID: 30973732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric direct reductive amination of prochiral ketones with aryl amines using 1-hydrosilatrane with a chiral Brønsted acid catalyst is reported. This is the first known example of chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination using a silane as the hydride source. The reaction features a highly practical reducing reagent and proceeds efficiently at room temperature without a specialized reaction setup or equipment to exclude air or moisture. This method provides high conversion and enantiomeric excess up to 84% of the desired chiral secondary amines with minimal side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Skrypai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States
| | - Sami E Varjosaari
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States.,Department of Science & Mathematics , Coker College , 300 E. College Ave. , Hartsville , South Carolina 29550 , United States
| | - Fawwaz Azam
- Department of Chemistry & Biology , Ryerson University , 350 Victoria St. , Toronto , Ontario M5B 2K3 , Canada
| | - Thomas M Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States
| | - Marc J Adler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Northern Illinois University , 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biology , Ryerson University , 350 Victoria St. , Toronto , Ontario M5B 2K3 , Canada
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Glowacki B, Lutter M, Hiller W, Jurkschat K. Control of Λ- and Δ-Isomerization of the Atrane Cages in Group XIV Metallatranes by Chiral Axial Substituents. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4244-4252. [PMID: 30860360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of the novel stannatranes N(CH2CMe2O)3Sn-(1 S)-(-)-OC(O)C(OMe)(CF3)(C6H5), 1( S, Δ), and N(CH2CMe2O)3Sn-(1 R)-(+)-OC(O)C(OMe)(CF3)(C6H5), 2( R, Λ), and germatranes N(CH2CMe2O)3Ge-(1 S)-(-)-OC(O)C(OMe)(CF3)(C6H5), 3( S, Δ), and N(CH2CMe2O)3Ge-(1 R)-(+)-OC(O)C(OMe)(CF3)(C6H5), 4( R, Λ) (with 1, S, Δ-configured/2, R, Λ-configured and 3, S, Δ-configured/4, R, Λ-configured being pairs of enantiomers) are reported. The compounds were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The epimerization via Λ ⇌ Δ ring flip of the enantiomeric stannatrane pair 1( S, Δ)/2( R, Λ) was investigated by NMR experiments at variable temperatures and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Glowacki
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie , Technische Universität Dortmund , Dortmund 44221 , Germany
| | - Michael Lutter
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie , Technische Universität Dortmund , Dortmund 44221 , Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie , Technische Universität Dortmund , Dortmund 44221 , Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie , Technische Universität Dortmund , Dortmund 44221 , Germany
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Varjosaari SE, Skrypai V, Herlugson SM, Gilbert TM, Adler MJ. Enantioselective metal-free reduction of ketones by a user-friendly silane with a reusable chiral additive. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Assoah B, Vale JR, Kalenius E, Veiros LF, Candeias NR. Lewis Base Catalyzed Intramolecular Reduction of Salicylaldehydes by Pinacol-Derived Chlorohydrosilane. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedicta Assoah
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - João R. Vale
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa); Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Elina Kalenius
- University of Jyväskylä; Department of Chemistry; Nanoscience Center; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Luis F. Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais No. 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Nuno R. Candeias
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; Korkeakoulunkatu 8 33101 Tampere Finland
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Zhao XX, Zhang P, Guo ZX. K2
CO3
-activated Hydrosilylation: from Redistribution of Polymethylhydrosiloxane to Selectively Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Xuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhi-Xin Guo
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
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Varjosaari SE, Skrypai V, Suating P, Hurley JJM, Lio AMD, Gilbert TM, Adler MJ. Simple Metal-Free Direct Reductive Amination Using Hydrosilatrane to Form Secondary and Tertiary Amines. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami E. Varjosaari
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Vladislav Skrypai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Paolo Suating
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Joseph J. M. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Ashley M. De Lio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Thomas M. Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Marc J. Adler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; 1425 W. Lincoln Hwy. DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
- Faculty of Science; University of Ontario Institute of Technology; 2000 Simcoe Street North Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4 Canada
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