1
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Kumar N, Gurawa A, Yadav A, Kashyap S. Influence of C-4 Axial/Equatorial Configuration and Neighboring Group/Remote Group Participation (NGP/RGP) Driven Conformational Evidence in Chemoselective Activation of Glycals. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39116290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
We herein reveal the possibility of the C-4 neighboring group/remote group participation (NGP/RGP) facilitating the stabilization of the anomeric center via dioxolenium intermediates in the chemoselective activation of glycal donors. We further realized that the axial/equatorial configuration of the C-4 group in the galacto- and gluco-glycal series enables diverse pathways to give direct 1,2-addition or Ferrier rearrangement, respectively. A proof-of-principle for stereoselective glycosylation was amply illustrated by employing carbohydrates, amino acids, natural products, and bioactive molecules to develop 2-deoxy-glycan analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Aakanksha Gurawa
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, 1919, route de Mende, 34294 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Ankit Yadav
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sudhir Kashyap
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur 302017, India
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2
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Koue AM, Pedersen CM. Influence of remote carbamate protective groups on the β-selectivity in rhamnosylations. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4973-4977. [PMID: 38826109 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00675e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the synthesis of a series of L-thiorhamnosyl donors containing O-carbamate protective groups and the study of their influence on the selectivity in rhamnosylations. It is found that a carbamate on the C-4 position increased the β selectivity compared with carbamates on the C2 or C3 positions, respectively, and when no carbamate group was installed. In addition it is found that the observed β selectivity was greater when the 4-O carbamate had less electron withdrawing groups on the nitrogen. The influence of using triflic acid catalysis was studied as well and it was found to lower the β-selectivity. In addition a new efficient one step synthesis of selectively 2,4-O-benzylated rhamnosides was established using phase transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Munk Koue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 6, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
| | - Christian Marcus Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 6, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
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3
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Cai J, Yuan X, Kong Y, Hu Y, Li J, Jiang S, Dong C, Ding K. Chemical approaches for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 1,2-cis-β-D-rhamnosides. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:886-901. [PMID: 38143103 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In carbohydrate chemistry, the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-glycosides remains a formidable challenge. This complexity is comparable to the synthesis of 1,2-cis-β-D-mannosides, primarily due to the adverse anomeric and Δ-2 effects. Over the past decades, to attain β-stereoselectivity in D-rhamnosylation, researchers have devised numerous direct and indirect methodologies, including the hydrogen-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) method, the synthesis of β-D-mannoside paired with C6 deoxygenation, and the combined approach of 1,2-trans-glycosylation and C2 epimerization. This review elaborates on the advancements in β-D-rhamnosylation and its implications for the total synthesis of tiacumicin B and other physiologically relevant glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Cai
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xin Yuan
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanfang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jieming Li
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shiqing Jiang
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Gao Y, Yang M, He Z, Zhang B, Gu G, Tang B, Cai F. β-l-Rhamnosylation and β-d-Mannosylation Mediated by 4- O-Ester Groups in a Weakly Nucleophilic Environment. Org Lett 2023; 25:7120-7125. [PMID: 37738091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
eq-4-O-Acyl group directed β-rhamnosylation and β-mannosylation are achieved in a carborane or BARF anion formed weakly nucleophilic environment with the assistance of a 2,3-orthocarbonate group. The 4-O-acyl group plays a critical role in directing the β-selectivity, and the weakly coordinating anion is essential to amplify this direction. The orthocarbonate group could be readily removed with 1,3-propanediol in the presence of BF3·Et2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongtao Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Analysis and Characterization, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Rd, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zehuan He
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang E Rd, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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5
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Garreffi BP, Maney AP, Bennett CS. Synthesis of the Branched Tetrasaccharide Fragment of Saccharomicin A. Org Lett 2023; 25:369-372. [PMID: 36625532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of the branched tetrasaccharide fragment of saccharomicin A using 1-OTBS donors to stereoselectively synthesize both α- and β-linked disaccharides is reported. The disaccharides were united using BSP/Tf2O to afford the tetrasaccharide fragment as a single α-anomer in 72% yield. This branched tetrasaccharide fragment can be used as donor and acceptor species to synthesize larger fragments of saccharomicin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Garreffi
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Akash P Maney
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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6
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Takahashi D, Inaba K, Toshima K. Recent advances in boron-mediated aglycon delivery (BMAD) for the efficient synthesis of 1,2-cis glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2022; 518:108579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Kumar M, Kumar N, Gurawa A, Kashyap S. Stereoselective Synthesis of
α
‐ʟ‐Rhamnopyranosides from ʟ‐Rhamnal Employing Ruthenium‐Catalysis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL) Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNIT Jaipur) J. L. N. Marg Jaipur 302 017 INDIA
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL) Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNIT Jaipur) J. L. N. Marg Jaipur 302 017 INDIA
| | - Aakanksha Gurawa
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL) Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNIT Jaipur) J. L. N. Marg Jaipur 302 017 INDIA
| | - Sudhir Kashyap
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL) Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNIT Jaipur) J. L. N. Marg Jaipur 302 017 INDIA
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8
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Slow glycosylation: Activation of trichloroacetimidates under mild conditions using lithium salts and the role of counterions. Carbohydr Res 2022; 511:108497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Bols M, Frihed TG, Pedersen MJ, Pedersen CM. Silylated Sugars – Synthesis and Properties. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSilicon has been used in carbohydrate chemistry for half a century, but mostly as a protective group for sugar alcohols. Recently, the use of silicon has expanded to functionalization via C–H activation, conformational arming of glycosyl donors, and conformational alteration of carbohydrates. Silicon has proven useful as more than a protective group and during the last one and a half decades we have demonstrated how it influences both the reactivity of glycosyl donors and stereochemical outcome of glycosylations. Silicon can also be attached directly to the sugar C-backbone, which has even more pronounced effects on the chemistry and properties of the molecules. In this Account, we will give a tour through our work involving silicon and carbohydrates.1 Introduction2 Conformational Arming of Glycosyl Donors with Silyl Groups3 Silyl Protective Groups for Tethering Glycosyl Donors4. Si–C Glycosides via C–H Activation4.1 C–H Activation and Oxidation of Methyl 6-Deoxy-l-glycosides4.2 Synthesis of All Eight 6-Deoxy-l-sugars4.3 Synthesis of All Eight l-Sugars by C–H Activation4.4 Modification of the Oxasilolane Ring5 C–Si in Glycosyl Donors – Activating or Not?6 Si–C-Substituted Pyranosides7 Perspective
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Bols
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Chemistry
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10
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Abstract
With a view to reducing the notorious complexity and irreproducibility of glycosylation reactions, 12 guidelines for the choice of concentration, temperature, and counterions are adumbrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Andreana
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical
Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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11
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Abstract
l-Rhamnose forms the key components of important antigenic oligo- and polysaccharides of a variety of pathogens. Obtaining 1,2-cis stereoselectivity in the glycosylation of l-rhamnoside is quite challenging due to the unavailability of neighboring group participation and disfavoring of the anomeric effect and stereoelectronic effect of the substituents on the C-2 axial position. Nevertheless, various methodologies have been developed exploiting diverse pathways for obtaining β-stereoselectivity in the glycosylation of l-rhamnose. This review describes the recent advances in β-l-rhamnosylation and its applications in the total synthesis of β-l-rhamnose-containing biologically important oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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12
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Gast D, Koller F, Krafczyk R, Bauer L, Wunder S, Lassak J, Hoffmann-Röder A. A set of rhamnosylation-specific antibodies enables detection of novel protein glycosylations in bacteria. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6823-6828. [PMID: 32936181 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite its potential importance for bacterial virulence, protein rhamnosylation has not yet been sufficiently studied. Specific anti-SerRha, anti-ThrRha and anti-AsnRha antibodies allowed the identification of previously unknown monorhamnosylated proteins in cytosol and membrane fractions of bacterial cell lysates. Mapping of the complete rhamnoproteome in pathogens should facilitate development of targeted therapies against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gast
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Hettikankanamalage AA, Lassfolk R, Ekholm FS, Leino R, Crich D. Mechanisms of Stereodirecting Participation and Ester Migration from Near and Far in Glycosylation and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7104-7151. [PMID: 32627532 PMCID: PMC7429366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is the counterpart of a 2018 Chemical Reviews article (Adero, P. O.; Amarasekara, H.; Wen, P.; Bohé, L.; Crich, D. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 8242-8284) that examined the mechanisms of chemical glycosylation in the absence of stereodirecting participation. Attention is now turned to a critical review of the evidence in support of stereodirecting participation in glycosylation reactions by esters from either the vicinal or more remote positions. As participation by esters is often accompanied by ester migration, the mechanism(s) of migration are also reviewed. Esters are central to the entire review, which accordingly opens with an overview of their structure and their influence on the conformations of six-membered rings. Next the structure and relative energetics of dioxacarbeniun ions are covered with emphasis on the influence of ring size. The existing kinetic evidence for participation is then presented followed by an overview of the various intermediates either isolated or characterized spectroscopically. The evidence supporting participation from remote or distal positions is critically examined, and alternative hypotheses for the stereodirecting effect of such esters are presented. The mechanisms of ester migration are first examined from the perspective of glycosylation reactions and then more broadly in the context of partially acylated polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri A. Hettikankanamalage
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Lassfolk
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Filip S. Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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14
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Li Q, Levi SM, Jacobsen EN. Highly Selective β-Mannosylations and β-Rhamnosylations Catalyzed by Bis-thiourea. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11865-11872. [PMID: 32527078 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report highly β-selective bis-thioureas-catalyzed 1,2-cis-O-pyranosylations employing easily accessible acetonide-protected donors. A wide variety of alcohol nucleophiles, including complex natural products, glycosides, and amino acids were β-mannosylated and β-rhamnosylated successfully using an operationally simple protocol under mild and neutral conditions. Less nucleophilic acceptors such as phenols were also glycosylated efficiently in excellent yields and with high β-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Samuel M Levi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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15
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Kowalska K, Pedersen CM. α-Selective glycosylations using glycosyl N-(ortho-methoxyphenyl)trifluoroacetimidates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1918-1925. [PMID: 32101221 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02696g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Six N-(o-methoxyphenyl)trifluoroacetimidate glycosyl donors have been synthesized and their role as glycosyl donors has been investigated. The donors were synthesized with complete β-selectivity, except in one case, and were found to be stable. When Bi(OTf)3, Fe(OTf)2, and Zn(OTf)2 were employed as catalysts, the glycosylations were found to be highly α-selective in Et2O. The selectivity and reaction rate changed with a change in the acceptor reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. and Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Christian Marcus Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Sletten ET, Tu YJ, Schlegel HB, Nguyen HM. Are Brønsted Acids the True Promoter of Metal-Triflate-Catalyzed Glycosylations? A Mechanistic Probe into 1,2- cis-Aminoglycoside Formation by Nickel Triflate. ACS Catal 2019; 9:2110-2123. [PMID: 31819822 PMCID: PMC6900934 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal triflates have been utilized to catalytically facilitate numerous glycosylation reactions under mild conditions. In some methods, the metal triflate system provides stereocontrol during the glycosylation, rather than the nature of protecting groups on the substrate. Despite these advances, the true activating nature of metal triflates remains unclear. Our findings indicated that the in situ generation of trace amounts of triflic acid from metal triflates can be the active catalyst species in the glycosylation. This fact has been mentioned previously in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions; however, a thorough study on the subject and its implications on stereoselectivity has yet to be performed. Experimental evidence from control reactions and 19F NMR spectroscopy have been obtained to confirm and quantify the triflic acid released from nickel triflate, for which it is of paramount importance in achieving a stereoselective 1,2-cis-2-amino glycosidic bond formation via a transient anomeric triflate. A putative intermediate resembling that of a glycosyl triflate has been detected using variable temperature NMR (1H and 13C) experiments. These observations, together with density functional theory calculations and a kinetic study, corroborate a mechanism involving triflic acid-catalyzed stereoselective glycosylation with N-substituted trifluoromethylbenzylideneamino protected electrophiles. Specifically, triflic acid facilitates formation of a glycosyl triflate intermediate which then undergoes isomerization from the stable α-anomer to the more reactive β-anomer. Subsequent SN2-like displacement of the reactive anomer by a nucleophile is highly favorable for the production of 1,2-cis-2-aminoglycosides. Although there is a previously reported work regarding glycosyl triflates, none of these reports have been confirmed to come from the counter ion of the metal center. Our work provides supporting evidence for the induction of a glycosyl triflate through the role of triflic acid in metal triflate-catalyzed glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Yi-Jung Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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17
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Nishi N, Sueoka K, Iijima K, Sawa R, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Stereospecific β‐
l
‐Rhamnopyranosylation through an S
N
i‐Type Mechanism by Using Organoboron Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13858-13862. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Nishi
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sueoka
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iijima
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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18
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Nishi N, Sueoka K, Iijima K, Sawa R, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Stereospecific β‐
l
‐Rhamnopyranosylation through an S
N
i‐Type Mechanism by Using Organoboron Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Nishi
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sueoka
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iijima
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN) 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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Adero PO, Amarasekara H, Wen P, Bohé L, Crich D. The Experimental Evidence in Support of Glycosylation Mechanisms at the S N1-S N2 Interface. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8242-8284. [PMID: 29846062 PMCID: PMC6135681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of the state-of-the-art evidence in support of the mechanisms of glycosylation reactions is provided. Factors affecting the stability of putative oxocarbenium ions as intermediates at the SN1 end of the mechanistic continuum are first surveyed before the evidence, spectroscopic and indirect, for the existence of such species on the time scale of glycosylation reactions is presented. Current models for diastereoselectivity in nucleophilic attack on oxocarbenium ions are then described. Evidence in support of the intermediacy of activated covalent glycosyl donors is reviewed, before the influences of the structure of the nucleophile, of the solvent, of temperature, and of donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding on the mechanism of glycosylation reactions are surveyed. Studies on the kinetics of glycosylation reactions and the use of kinetic isotope effects for the determination of transition-state structure are presented, before computational models are finally surveyed. The review concludes with a critical appraisal of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ouma Adero
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Harsha Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 , Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay , 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Klimochkin YN, Yudashkin AV, Zhilkina EO, Ivleva EA, Moiseev IK, Oshis YF. One-pot synthesis of cage alcohols. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017070028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shen Z, Mobarak H, Li W, Widmalm G, Yu B. Synthesis of β-(1→2)-Linked 6-Deoxy-l-altropyranose Oligosaccharides via Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosylation of an ortho-Hexynylbenzoate Donor. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3062-3071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Shen
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike
Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hani Mobarak
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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