1
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Lu H, Lu Z, Shang M. Organic Sulfinic Acids and Salts in Visible Light-Induced Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1671-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSulfinic acids and their salts are a useful source of sulfur-containing structures. Photocatalysis of these compounds with visible light enables to achieve various transformations under mild conditions. This review summarizes visible-light-induced reactions of sulfinic acids and their salts. It is organized by reaction type and brief discussions on plausible reaction mechanisms for typical transformations are presented.1 Introduction2 Sulfonylation Reactions2.1 Sulfonylation of Alkenes2.2 Sulfonylation of Alkynes2.3 Sulfonylation of Arenes2.4 sp3 C–H Functionalization3 Desulfonylation Reactions4 Sulfenylation Reactions4.1 Sulfenylation of Heteroarenes4.2 Sulfenylation of Carbonyl Chlorides5 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
| | - Zheng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University
| | - Mingzhou Shang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
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2
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Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Pukdeejorhor L, Adpakpang K, Wannapaiboon S, Bureekaew S. Co-based Metal-organic Framework for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8194-8197. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02740b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen production through an artificial photocatalytic process in the solar light region using water-stable Co-Tz (Tz = 1,2,4-triazolate) framework was demonstrated. Possessing such a high photostability and highly reactive sites...
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4
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Zhou Y, Hua R. Synthesis of 1-Benzyl-, 1-Alkoxyl-, and 1-Aminoisoquinolines via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Aryl C-H Activation and Alkyne Annulation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8862-8872. [PMID: 34164989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One-pot syntheses of 1-benzyl-, 1-alkoxyl-, and 1-alkylamino- isoquinolines through automatic directing group (DGauto)-assisted, rhodium(III)-catalyzed aryl C-H activation and annulation with internal alkynes were developed. The reactions affording 1-benzylisoquinolines involve a cascade oximation of diarylacetylenes with hydroxylamine, forming aryl benzyl ketone oxime, and oxime-assisted rhodium(III)-catalyzed aryl C-H activation and followed annulation with another molecule of diarylacetylene in a one-pot manner. The formation of 1-alkoxyl/amino isoquinolines includes the addition of nucleophilic alcohols or amines to aryl nitriles, imine-assisted rhodium-catalyzed aryl C-H activation, and subsequent alkyne annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Wau JS, Robertson MJ, Oelgemöller M. Solar Photooxygenations for the Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals-Technologies and Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:1685. [PMID: 33802876 PMCID: PMC8002662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photooxygenation reactions involving singlet oxygen (1O2) are utilized industrially as a mild and sustainable access to oxygenated products. Due to the usage of organic dyes as photosensitizers, these transformations can be successfully conducted using natural sunlight. Modern solar chemical reactors enable outdoor operations on the demonstration (multigram) to technical (multikilogram) scales and have subsequently been employed for the manufacturing of fine chemicals such as fragrances or biologically active compounds. This review will highlight examples of solar photooxygenations for the manufacturing of industrially relevant target compounds and will discuss current challenges and opportunities of this sustainable methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson S. Wau
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Mark J. Robertson
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (J.S.W.); (M.J.R.)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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6
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Yilmaz O, Dengiz C, Emmert MH. Iron-Catalyzed α-C-H Cyanation of Simple and Complex Tertiary Amines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2489-2498. [PMID: 33464080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript details the development of a general and mild protocol for the α-C-H cyanation of tertiary amines and its application in late-stage functionalization. Suitable substrates include tertiary aliphatic, benzylic, and aniline-type substrates and complex substrates. Functional groups tolerated under the reaction conditions include various heterocycles and ketones, amides, olefins, and alkynes. This broad substrate scope is remarkable, as comparable reaction protocols for α-C-H cyanation frequently occur via free radical mechanisms and are thus fundamentally limited in their functional group tolerance. In contrast, the presented catalyst system tolerates functional groups that typically react with free radicals, suggesting an alternative reaction pathway. All components of the described catalyst system are readily available, allowing implementation of the presented methodology without the need for lengthy catalyst synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Dengiz
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marion H Emmert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States.,Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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7
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Gao J, Weng X, Ma C, Xu X, Fang P, Mei T. Electrochemical 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl (TEMPO)-Mediated α-Cyanation and Phosphonylation of Cyclic Amines with Metal-Free Conditions. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Photochemical transformations of molecular building blocks have become an important and widely recognized research field in the past decade. Detailed and deep understanding of novel photochemical catalysts and reaction concepts with visible light as the energy source has enabled a broad application portfolio for synthetic organic chemistry. In parallel, continuous-flow chemistry and microreaction technology have become the basis for thinking and doing chemistry in a novel fashion with clear focus on improved process control for higher conversion and selectivity. As can be seen by the large number of scientific publications on flow photochemistry in the recent past, both research topics have found each other as exceptionally well-suited counterparts with high synergy by combining chemistry and technology. This review will give an overview on selected reaction classes, which represent important photochemical transformations in synthetic organic chemistry, and which benefit from mild and defined process conditions by the transfer from batch to continuous-flow mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Rehm
- Division Energy & Chemical Technology/Flow Chemistry GroupFraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMMCarl-Zeiss-Straße 18–2055129MainzGermany
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9
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Grundke C, Vierengel N, Opatz T. ‐Aminonitriles: From Sustainable Preparation to Applications in Natural Product Synthesis. CHEM REC 2020; 20:989-1016. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grundke
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Nina Vierengel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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10
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Aoki K, Yonekura K, Ikeda Y, Ueno R, Shirakawa E. Direct α‐Arylation of Alcohols with Aryl Halides through a Radical Chain Mechanism. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for EnvironmentSchool of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Kyohei Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for EnvironmentSchool of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry for EnvironmentSchool of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Ryota Ueno
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University, Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Eiji Shirakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for EnvironmentSchool of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
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11
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Yaseen MA, Mumtaz S, Hunter RL, Wall D, Robertson MJ, Oelgemöller M. Continuous-Flow Photochemical Transformations of 1,4-Naphthoquinones and Phthalimides in a Concentrating Solar Trough Reactor. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of photochemical transformations has been successfully conducted under continuous-flow conditions in a concentrating solar trough reactor. Photoacylations and [2+2]-photocycloadditions involving 1,4-naphthoquinones gave the corresponding photoproducts in moderate to high yields with residence times of 70min. Likewise, acetone-sensitized photodecarboxylations involving phthalimides furnished the corresponding benzylated hydroxy phthalimidines in good to excellent yields and purity with residence times of 40min. Compared with corresponding exposures to direct sunlight conducted in a solar float, flow operation generally gave superior conversions and subsequent yields.
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12
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A tan for molecules: photocatalyzed synthesis with direct sunlight. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Abdulla HO, Amin AA, Raviola C, Opatz T, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Smooth Metal-Free Photoinduced Preparation of Valuable 8-Arylxanthines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Havall Othman Abdulla
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
- Chemistry Department; College of Science; Salahaddin University; Erbil Iraq
| | - Ahmed A. Amin
- Chemistry Department; College of Education; Salahaddin University; Erbil Iraq
| | - Carlotta Raviola
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; College of Education; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia; Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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14
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Sevenich A, Mark PS, Behrendt T, Groß J, Opatz T. Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-4-pyridones, 4-Quinolones, and 2,3-Dihydro-4-azocinones by Visible-Light Photocatalytic Aerobic Dehydrogenation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sevenich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Paulina Sophie Mark
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Torsten Behrendt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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15
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Lipp B, Kammer LM, Kücükdisli M, Luque A, Kühlborn J, Pusch S, Matulevičiūtė G, Schollmeyer D, Šačkus A, Opatz T. Visible Light‐Induced Sulfonylation/Arylation of Styrenes in a Double Radical Three‐Component Photoredox Reaction. Chemistry 2019; 25:8965-8969. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lipp
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Kammer
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Murat Kücükdisli
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Adriana Luque
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonas Kühlborn
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Gita Matulevičiūtė
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl.19 50254 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKaunas University of Technology Radvilėnų pl.19 50254 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Till Opatz
- Johannes Gutenberg UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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16
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Kumar G, Solanki P, Nazish M, Neogi S, Kureshy RI, Khan NUH. Covalently hooked EOSIN-Y in a Zr(IV) framework as visible-light mediated, heterogeneous photocatalyst for efficient C H functionalization of tertiary amines. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Yi B, Yan N, Yi N, Xie Y, Wen X, Au CT, Lan D. Oxidative cyanation of N-aryltetrahydroisoquinoline induced by visible light for the synthesis of α-aminonitrile using potassium thiocyanate as a “CN” agent. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29721-29725. [PMID: 35531501 PMCID: PMC9071963 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06120g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for the synthesis of α-aminonitrile, through visible-light-induced oxidative cyanation of N-aryltetrahydroisoquinoline with potassium thiocyanate, has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Yan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan
- P. R. China
| | - Niannian Yi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan
- P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Xie
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan
- P. R. China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan
- P. R. China
| | - Donghui Lan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Rechemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan Institute of Engineering
- Xiangtan
- P. R. China
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18
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Otake Y, Williams JD, Rincón JA, de Frutos O, Mateos C, Kappe CO. Photochemical benzylic bromination in continuous flow using BrCCl3 and its application to telescoped p-methoxybenzyl protection. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1384-1388. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical benzylic bromination in flow using BrCCl3, which is compatible with electron-rich aromatics, allowing in situ p-methoxybenzyl bromide formation and PMB-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Otake
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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Xu ZM, Li HX, Young DJ, Zhu DL, Li HY, Lang JP. Exogenous Photosensitizer-, Metal-, and Base-Free Visible-Light-Promoted C–H Thiolation via Reverse Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2018; 21:237-241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Xi Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Da-Liang Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Kammer LM, Lipp B, Opatz T. Photoredox Alkenylation of Carboxylic Acids and Peptides: Synthesis of Covalent Enzyme Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2018; 84:2379-2392. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Abstract
In recent years, photochemistry has been a highly active research field. This renaissance is linked to the upsurge of photoredox catalysis, a versatile platform for synthetic methodologies using visible light photons as a traceless reagent. In contrast with UV, visible light constitutes almost half of the ground solar irradiance, making the use of solar light in chemistry a sustainable and viable possibility. However, the direct use of sunlight to power chemical reactions is still little explored. This can be explained by both the hurdles associated with solar radiation (e.g., its variability, irreproducibility, high IR content, etc.) and the need for a specialized photoreactor. Most of these issues can be tackled with technological solutions, and especially with the recourse to flow chemistry. Flow chemistry goes hand in hand with photochemistry thanks to the uniform irradiation it provides to the reaction. Furthermore, a continuous-flow reactor can be easily integrated with different solar collectors (including compound parabolic concentrators and luminescent solar concentrators) and constitutes the most efficient approach to solar photochemistry. After a description of the characteristics of the solar radiation relevant to chemistry, this chapter critically describes the different type of solar photoreactors and their applications in synthetic organic chemistry. Finally, an outlook on the future of solar photochemistry in flow is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Lei Y, Yang J, Qi R, Wang S, Wang R, Xu Z. Arylation of benzyl amines with aromatic nitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11881-11884. [PMID: 30283923 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06408c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the past years, the activations of aromatic nitriles for radical arylations under photoirradiation have been developed. We here report the first example of radical arylations using aromatic nitriles without the assistance of photoirradiation. Importantly, with this method, the direct arylation of C(sp3)-H in benzyl amines provided a practical method for the synthesis of diarylmethylamines without the use of precious transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rupeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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23
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da Silva Júnior PE, Amin HIM, Nauth AM, da Silva Emery F, Protti S, Opatz T. Flow Photochemistry of Azosulfones: Application of “Sunflow” Reactors. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Eliandro da Silva Júnior
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto 14040-903 Brazil
- Department of Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Hawraz I. M. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
- Chemistry Department, College of Science Salahaddin University-Erbil Iraq
| | - Alexander M. Nauth
- Department of Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department of Chemistry, PhotoGreen Lab University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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24
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Politano F, Oksdath-Mansilla G. Light on the Horizon: Current Research and Future Perspectives in Flow Photochemistry. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Politano
- INFIQC-CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Oksdath-Mansilla
- INFIQC-CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Lipp B, Lipp A, Detert H, Opatz T. Light-Induced Alkylation of (Hetero)aromatic Nitriles in a Transition-Metal-Free C–C-Bond Metathesis. Org Lett 2017; 19:2054-2057. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lipp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Lipp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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26
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Cambié D, Zhao F, Hessel V, Debije MG, Noël T. Every photon counts: understanding and optimizing photon paths in luminescent solar concentrator-based photomicroreactors (LSC-PMs). REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulation of Luminescent Solar Concentrator-based Photomicroreactors (LSC-PM) shows how embedding an absorber (i.e. the reaction channels) within the lightguide can significantly improve the energy efficiency of traditional LSCs on large scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Functional Organic Materials & Devices
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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