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Anticryptococcal activity and mechanistic investigation of histidine-rich short peptides. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sharma K, Sharma KK, Sharma A, Jain R. Peptide-based drug discovery: Current status and recent advances. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103464. [PMID: 36481586 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The progressive development of peptides from reaction vessels to life-saving drugs via rigorous preclinical and clinical assessments is fascinating. Peptide therapeutics have gained momentum with the evolution of techniques in peptide chemistry, such as microwave irradiation in solid- and solution-phase synthesis, ligation chemistry, recombinant synthesis, and amalgamation with synthetic tools, including metal catalysis. Diverse emerging technologies, such as DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) and display techniques, are changing the status quo in the discovery of peptide therapeutics. In this review, we analyzed US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved peptide drugs and those in clinical trials, highlighting recent advances in peptide-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Anku Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
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Sharma K, Sharma KK, Mahindra A, Sehra N, Bagra N, Aaghaz S, Parmar R, Rathod GK, Jain R. Design, synthesis, and applications of ring-functionalized histidines in peptide-based medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36710510 DOI: 10.1002/med.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Modified and synthetic α-amino acids are known to show diverse applications. Histidine, which possesses numerous applications when subjected to synthetic modifications, is one such amino acid. The utility of modified histidines varies widely from remarkable biological activities to catalysis, and from nanotechnology to polymer chemistry. This renders histidine residue an important place in scientific research. Histidine is a well-studied scaffold and constitutes the active site of various enzymes catalyzing important reactions in the biological systems. A rational modification in histidine structure with a distinctly developed protocol extensively changes its physical and chemical properties. The utilization of modified histidines in search of potent, target selective and proteostable scaffolds is vital in the development of bioactive peptides with enhanced drug-likeliness. This review is a compilation and analysis of reported side-chain ring modifications at histidine followed by applications of ring-modified histidines in the synthesis of various categories of bioactive peptides and peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Mahindra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Naina Sehra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Bagra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shams Aaghaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Parmar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gajanan K Rathod
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
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Aaghaz S, Sharma K, Maurya IK, Rudramurthy SM, Singh S, Kumar V, Tikoo K, Jain R. Anticryptococcal activity and mechanistic studies of short amphipathic peptides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200576. [PMID: 36592413 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, causes cryptococcosis in immunocompromised persons. A series of modified L-histidines-containing peptides are synthesized that exhibit promising activity against C. neoformans. Analog 11d [L-His(2-adamantyl)-L-Trp-L-His(2-phenyl)-OMe] produced potency with an IC50 of 3.02 µg/ml (MIC = 5.49 µg/ml). This peptide is noncytotoxic and nonhaemolytic at the MIC and displays synergistic effects with amphotericin B at subinhibitory concentration. Mechanistic investigation of 11d using microscopic tools indicates cell wall and membrane disruption of C. neoformans, while flow cytometric analysis confirms cell death by apoptosis. This study indicates that 11d exhibits antifungal potential and acts via the rapid onset of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Aaghaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Komal Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Indresh K Maurya
- Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India.,Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nagar, Punjab, India
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Sharma K, Aaghaz S, Maurya IK, Singh S, Rudramurthy SM, Kumar V, Tikoo K, Jain R. Ring-Modified Histidine-Containing Cationic Short Peptides Exhibit Anticryptococcal Activity by Cellular Disruption. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010087. [PMID: 36615282 PMCID: PMC9821961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Delineation of clinical complications secondary to fungal infections, such as cryptococcal meningitis, and the concurrent emergence of multidrug resistance in large population subsets necessitates the need for the development of new classes of antifungals. Herein, we report a series of ring-modified histidine-containing short cationic peptides exhibiting anticryptococcal activity via membrane lysis. The N-1 position of histidine was benzylated, followed by iodination at the C-5 position via electrophilic iodination, and the dipeptides were obtained after coupling with tryptophan. In vitro analysis revealed that peptides Trp-His[1-(3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)-5-iodo]-OMe (10d, IC50 = 2.20 μg/mL; MIC = 4.01 μg/mL) and Trp-His[1-(2-iodophenyl)-5-iodo)]-OMe (10o, IC50 = 2.52 μg/mL; MIC = 4.59 μg/mL) exhibit promising antifungal activities against C. neoformans. When administered in combination with standard drug amphotericin B (Amp B), a significant synergism was observed, with 4- to 16-fold increase in the potencies of both peptides and Amp B. Electron microscopy analysis with SEM and TEM showed that the dipeptides primarily act via membrane disruption, leading to pore formation and causing cell lysis. After entering the cells, the peptides interact with the intracellular components as demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Shams Aaghaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Indresh Kumar Maurya
- Center of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
- Correspondence:
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Sharma KK, Sharma K, Kudwal A, Khan SI, Jain R. Peptide‐Heterocycle Conjugates as Antifungals Against Cryptococcosis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Medicinal Chemistry INDIA
| | - Komal Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Medicinal Chemistry INDIA
| | - Anurag Kudwal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Medicinal Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Rahul Jain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Medicinal Chemistry Sector 67 160062 SAS Nagar INDIA
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Synthesis of 5‐Alkynyl and 2,5‐Dialkynyl‐L‐histidines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chan HC, Bueno B, Le Roch A, Gagnon A. Copper-Promoted N-Arylation of the Imidazole Side Chain of Protected Histidine by Using Triarylbismuth Reagents. Chemistry 2021; 27:13330-13336. [PMID: 34357653 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The N-arylation of the side chain of histidine by using triarylbismuthines is reported. The reaction is promoted by copper(II) acetate in dichloromethane at 40 °C under oxygen in the presence of diisopropylethylamine and 1,10-phenanthroline and allows the transfer of aryl groups with substituents at any position of the aromatic ring. The reaction shows excellent functional group tolerance and is applicable to dipeptides where the histidine is located at the N terminus. A histidine-guided backbone N-H arylation was observed in dipeptides where the histidine occupies the C terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwai-Chien Chan
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de chimie, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Bianca Bueno
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de chimie, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Adrien Le Roch
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de chimie, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Alexandre Gagnon
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département de chimie, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
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Sharma KK, Ravi R, Maurya IK, Kapadia A, Khan SI, Kumar V, Tikoo K, Jain R. Modified histidine containing amphipathic ultrashort antifungal peptide, His[2-p-(n-butyl)phenyl]-Trp-Arg-OMe exhibits potent anticryptococcal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113635. [PMID: 34147743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of ultrashort peptide-based antifungals, a new structural class, His(2-aryl)-Trp-Arg is reported. Structural changes were investigated on His-Trp-Arg scaffold to demonstrate the impact of charge and lipophilic character on the biological activity. The presence and size of the aryl moiety on imidazole of histidine modulated overall amphiphilic character, and biological activity. Peptides exhibited IC50 of 0.37-9.66 μg/mL against C. neoformans. Peptide 14f [His(2-p-(n-butyl)phenyl)-Trp-Arg-OMe] exhibited two-fold potency (IC50 = 0.37 μg/mL, MIC = 0.63 μg/mL) related to amphotericin B, without any cytotoxic effects up to 10 μg/mL. Peptide 14f act by nuclear fragmentation, membranes permeabilization, disruption and pore formations in the microbial cells as determined by the mechanistic studies employing Trp-quenching, CLSM, SEM, and HR-TEM. The amalgamation of short sequence, presence of appropriate aryl group on l-histidine, potent anticryptococcal activity, no cytotoxicity, and detailed mechanistic studies directed to the identification of 14f as a new antifungal structural lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Ravikant Ravi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Indresh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Microbial Technology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Akshay Kapadia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar 160 062, Punjab India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar 160 062, Punjab India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
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Sharma KK, Maurya IK, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Kumar V, Tikoo K, Jain R. Discovery of a Membrane-Active, Ring-Modified Histidine Containing Ultrashort Amphiphilic Peptide That Exhibits Potent Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6607-6621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Sharma
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Indresh Kumar Maurya
- Department
of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
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