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Pou S, Dodean RA, Frueh L, Liebman KM, Gallagher RT, Jin H, Jacobs RT, Nilsen A, Stuart DR, Doggett JS, Riscoe MK, Winter RW. A New Scalable Synthesis of ELQ-300, ELQ-316, and other Antiparasitic Quinolones. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:1841-1852. [PMID: 35110959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Endochin-Like Quinolone (ELQ) compound class may yield effective, safe treatments for a range of important human and animal afflictions. However, to access the public health potential of this compound series, a synthetic route needed to be devised that lowers costs and is amenable to large scale production. In the new synthetic route described here, a substituted β-keto ester, formed by an Ullmann reaction and subsequent acylation, is reacted with an aniline via a Conrad-Limpach reaction to produce 3-substituted 4(1H)-quinolones such as ELQ-300 and ELQ-316. This synthetic route, the first described to be truly amenable to industrial scale production, is relatively short (5 reaction steps), does not require palladium, chromatographic separation or protecting group chemistry, and may be performed without high vacuum distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovitj Pou
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Rozalia A Dodean
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Lisa Frueh
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Katherine M Liebman
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Rory T Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10 Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Haihong Jin
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Robert T Jacobs
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, ICC, route de Pré-Bois 20, P.O. Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10 Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - J Stone Doggett
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Michael K Riscoe
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Rolf W Winter
- VA Portland Healthcare System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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Abstract
As the world gets closer to eliminating malaria, the scientific community worldwide has begun to realize the importance of malaria transmission-blocking interventions. The onus of breaking the life cycle of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum predominantly rests upon transmission-blocking drugs because of emerging resistance to commonly used schizonticides and insecticides. This third part of our review series on malaria transmission-blocking entails transmission-blocking potential of preclinical transmission-blocking antimalarials and other non-malaria drugs/experimental compounds that are not in clinical or preclinical development for malaria but possess transmission-blocking potential. Collective analysis of the structure and the activity of these experimental compounds might pave the way toward generation of novel prototypes of next-generation transmission-blocking drugs.
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