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Nie JJ, Wang ZX. Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Allylation of Aromatic Ketoximes with Vinylaziridines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5764-5777. [PMID: 38578982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The Rh(III)-catalyzed reaction of aromatic ketoximes with 2-vinylaziridines affords ortho-allylation products of the phenyl rings of aromatic ketoximes in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction requires 0.5 equiv of NaOAc as a base and occurs under mild conditions. The protocol exhibits ortho-monoallylation selectivity, wide scope of substrates, and good compatibility of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
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2
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Duan YT, Wang ZX. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed S(II)-Directed Aromatic C-H Allylation with Vinylaziridines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16076-16090. [PMID: 37972295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of aryl methyl thioethers with vinylaziridines affords ortho-position mono- or bis-allylation products depending on substituents on the phenyl rings of sulfide substrates or the ratio of reactants. The reaction also features mild reaction conditions, good product yields, wide scope of substrates, good compatibility of functional groups, and the selective formation of E-configurated C-C double bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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3
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de Carvalho RL, Diogo EBT, Homölle SL, Dana S, da Silva Júnior EN, Ackermann L. The crucial role of silver(I)-salts as additives in C-H activation reactions: overall analysis of their versatility and applicability. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6359-6378. [PMID: 37655711 PMCID: PMC10714919 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation reactions have been proven to be useful methodologies for the assembly of synthetically meaningful molecules. This approach bears intrinsic peculiarities that are important to be studied and comprehended in order to achieve its best performance. One example is the use of additives for the in situ generation of catalytically active species. This strategy varies according to the type of additive and the nature of the pre-catalyst that is being used. Thus, silver(I)-salts have proven to play an important role, due to the resulting high reactivity derived from the pre-catalysts of the main transition metals used so far. While being powerful and versatile, the use of silver-based additives can raise concerns, since superstoichiometric amounts of silver(I)-salts are typically required. Therefore, it is crucial to first understand the role of silver(I) salts as additives, in order to wisely overcome this barrier and shift towards silver-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Emilay B T Diogo
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Simon L Homölle
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Suman Dana
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais-UFMG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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Ramachandran K, Anbarasan P. Rhodium-Catalyzed C2-Alkylation of Indoles with Cyclopropanols Using N, N-Dialkylcarbamoyl as a Traceless Directing Group. Org Lett 2022; 24:6745-6749. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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6
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Cai L, Zhang H, Wang K, Zhao H. Pd‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling Between Allyl Carbonates and Vinyl Benzoxazinanones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu‐Yu Cai
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Wang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Wu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 People's Republic of China
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7
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Ramachandran K, Anbarasan P. Cp*Co III-catalyzed C2-alkylation of indole derivatives with substituted cyclopropanols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10536-10539. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03719j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient Cp*CoIII-catalyzed C2-alkylation of N-pyridylindoles has been achieved utilizing cyclopropanols as an alkylating reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, India
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8
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Ramachandran K, Anbarasan P. Cobalt-catalyzed multisubstituted allylation of the chelation-assisted C-H bond of (hetero)arenes with cyclopropenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13442-13449. [PMID: 34777763 PMCID: PMC8528013 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropenes are highly strained three-membered carbocycles, which offer unique reactivity in organic synthesis. Herein, Cp*CoIII-catalyzed ring-opening isomerization of cyclopropenes to cobalt vinylcarbene has been utilized for the synthesis of multisubstituted allylarenes via directing group-assisted functionalization of C-H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes. Employing this methodology, various substituents can be introduced at all three carbons of the allyl moiety with high selectivity. The important highlights are excellent functional group tolerance, multisubstituted allylation, high selectivity, gram scale synthesis, removable directing group, and synthesis of cyclopenta[b]indoles. In addition, a potential cobaltocycle intermediate was identified and a plausible mechanism is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India https://home.iitm.ac.in/anbarasansp/
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India https://home.iitm.ac.in/anbarasansp/
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9
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Ghorai J, Kesavan A, Anbarasan P. Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C2-thiolation and C2,C3-dithiolation of substituted indoles with N-(arylthio)succinimide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10544-10547. [PMID: 34553717 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient Cp*CoIII-catalyzed C2-thiolation and C2,C3-dithiolation of indole derivatives has been achieved employing N-(aryl/alkylthio)succinimide as a thiolating reagent. This external oxidant-free method utilizes only catalytic amounts of additive and tolerates various functional groups to afford various thiolated products in good yields. Control experiments revealed the importance of the Cp*CoIII-catalyst for both C2- and C3-thiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
| | - Arunachalam Kesavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Zhong‐Xia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 China
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11
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Zhang ZZ, Liao G, Chen HM, Shi BF. Thioamide-Directed Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed C-H Allylation of Ferrocenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2626-2631. [PMID: 33711894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the first Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation of ferrocene thioamides with allyl carbonates has been developed. This reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups, providing various allylated ferrocene derivatives in up to 90% yields. In addition, the C-H allylation protocol is also compatible with the use of vinylcyclopropanes as allylating reagents by merging C-H and C-C activation into one catalytic system. Mechanistic studies revealed that the thiocarbonyl-directing group plays a vital role in C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Zhuo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Gang Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hao-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.,Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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12
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gannan Medical University; 341000 Ganzhou P. R. China
| | - Quan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
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14
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Han JF, Guo P, Zhang XG, Liao JB, Ye KY. Recent advances in cobalt-catalyzed allylic functionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7740-7750. [PMID: 32940308 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01581d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Unlike many other state-of-the-art transition-metal-catalyzed allylic substitutions, cobalt-catalyzed allylic substitution has received much less attention from synthetic chemists for a long time despite the fact that cobalt is an earth-abundant, low-cost and thus much more sustainable option as either a reagent or a catalyst in organic synthesis. Recently, there has been an upsurge in the use of cobalt catalysis in allylic functionalization reactions, including allylic substitution, nucleophilic allylation, and Heck-type allylic functionalization, to construct synthetically significant building blocks featuring a double bond available for diverse downstream synthetic manipulations. This review highlights the current development of cobalt catalysis in allylic functionalization with an in-depth discussion of the reaction scope and mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fa Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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15
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Singh D, Kumar GS, Kapur M. Oxazolinyl-Assisted Ru(II)-Catalyzed C–H Allylation with Allyl Alcohols and Synthesis of 4-Methyleneisochroman-1-ones. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12881-12892. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Gangam Srikanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
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16
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Verma GK, Rawat M, Rawat DS. Cobalt-Catalysed C-C Bond Formation and [2+2+2] Annulation of 1,3-Dicarbonyls to Terminal Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Rawat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi - 110 007 India
| | - Diwan S. Rawat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi - 110 007 India
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17
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Ghorai J, Anbarasan P. Developments in Cp*Co
III
‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalizations. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghorai
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai – 600036
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18
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1415] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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Kawai K, Bunno Y, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Weinreb Amide Directed Versatile C-H Bond Functionalization under (η 5 -Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:10231-10237. [PMID: 29732683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The (η5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) (Cp*CoIII )-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and α,β-unsaturated Weinreb amides was explored. C-H allylation reactions with the use of allyl carbonate and a perfluoroalkene, oxidative alkenylation reactions with the use of ethyl acrylate, iodination reactions with the use of N-iodosuccinimide, and amidation reactions with the use of dioxazolones were catalyzed by Cp*Co(CO)I2 in the presence of a cationic Ag salt and AgOAc to afford various synthetically useful building blocks. Mechanistic studies of the C-H allylation disclosed that the C-H activation step was rate determining and virtually irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Youka Bunno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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Minami Y, Furuya Y, Hiyama T. Palladium/Acid‐Catalyzed Straightforward Allylation of Arenes using 1‐Substituted Propynes via Aryl C−H Bond Activation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1–13–27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112–8551 Japan
| | - Yuki Furuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chuo University 1–13–27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112–8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative Chuo University 1–13–27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112–8551 Japan
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22
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Kong L, Biletskyi B, Nuel D, Clavier H. Cobalt(iii)-catalysed C–H allylation with vinylaziridines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt-catalysed C–H allylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds with vinylaziridines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- Aix Marseille Université
- Centrale Marseille
- CNRS
- iSm2 UMR 7313
- Marseille
| | - Bohdan Biletskyi
- Aix Marseille Université
- Centrale Marseille
- CNRS
- iSm2 UMR 7313
- Marseille
| | - Didier Nuel
- Aix Marseille Université
- Centrale Marseille
- CNRS
- iSm2 UMR 7313
- Marseille
| | - Hervé Clavier
- Aix Marseille Université
- Centrale Marseille
- CNRS
- iSm2 UMR 7313
- Marseille
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Ghorai J, Chaitanya M, Anbarasan P. Cp*Co(iii)-catalysed selective alkylation of C–H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes with α-diazocarbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:7346-7350. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cp*Co(iii)-catalysed selective alkylation of directed C–H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes has been accomplished employing donor–acceptor carbenes, derived from α-diazocarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
| | - Manthena Chaitanya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
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