1
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Kim YL, Kim JH. Stereoselective Synthesis of Glycosides via Tsuji-Trost Type Glycosylation Using 3,4-Carbonate Galactals. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400067. [PMID: 39166700 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed stereoselective glycosylations using unsaturated sugar derivatives, glycals, have been successfully achieved in recent years. This review focuses on approaches to control the stereoselectivities of glycosides via π-allyl intermediates that mimic the Tsuji-Trost asymmetric allylic alkylation reactions, enabling stereoselectivity control through rational design. In the reaction process, zwitterionic Pd-π-allyl complexes, formed after the oxidative addition and decarboxylation, play a crucial role in increasing reactivities and enhancing the stereoselectivities of α- and β-glycosides. We summarized recently developed Tsuji-Trost type glycosylations using 3,4-carbonate galactals, featuring high efficiency, exclusive stereoselectivities, and a broad reaction scope including O-, N-, S-, and C-glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lim Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Korea
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2
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Upadhyaya K, Dubbu S. Advancing carbohydrate functionality: The role of hypervalent iodine. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109175. [PMID: 38865797 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine reagents have undergone significant development and widespread application in the functionalization of carbohydrates. This is primarily attributed to their exceptional properties, including mildness, ease of handling, high selectivity, environmental friendliness, and stability. This review aims to emphasize the utilization of hypervalent iodine compounds in the functionalization of carbohydrates. The present article covers various aspects, including glycal functionalization, C-H or N-H insertion reactions, O-arylations, C-2 deoxy-2-iodo glycoconjugates, iminosugars, and C3-oxo-glycals, achieved through the use of hypervalent iodine reagents/catalysts. Additionally, it explores hypervalent iodine-mediated bioactive 1,3,5-trioxocane synthesis followed by rare sugars synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Upadhyaya
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Sateesh Dubbu
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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3
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Goi S, Shigeta H, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Photo-induced glycosylation using the edible polyphenol curcumin. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5546-5551. [PMID: 38814007 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00624k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Photo-induced glycosylations of trichloroacetimidate donors and alcohols using an edible polyphenol, curcumin, were examined under visible photo-irradiation (470 nm). It was found, for the first time, that these glycosylations proceed smoothly under mild reaction conditions to give the corresponding glycosides in high yields. In addition, the present glycosylation method was applicable to a wide range of trichloroacetimidate donors and alcohol acceptors and showed high chemoselectivity over glycosyl phosphite, phosphate, (N-phenyl)trifluoroacetimidate, fluoride, glycal and thioglycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Goi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Hidenari Shigeta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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4
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Jiao Q, Guo Z, Zheng M, Lin W, Liao Y, Yan W, Liu T, Xu C. Anion-Bridged Dual Hydrogen Bond Enabled Concerted Addition of Phenol to Glycal. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308513. [PMID: 38225720 PMCID: PMC10953558 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A noncovalent organocatalytic concerted addition of phenol to glycal is developed for the stereoselective and regioselective construction of biologically important phenolic 2-deoxyglycosides, featuring wide substrate tolerance. The method relies on an anion-bridged dual hydrogen bond interaction which is experimentally proved by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis), and fluorescence analysis. Experimental evidence including kinetic analysis, Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE) studies, linear free energy relationship, Hammett plot, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations is provided for a concerted mechanism where a high-energy oxocarbenium ion is not formed. In addition, the potential utility of this method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of biologically active glycosylated flavones. The benchmarking studies demonstrate significant advances in this newly developed method compared to previous approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Jiao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Zhenbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityWeijin Road No. 94Tianjin300071China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsTianjin300192China
| | - Mingwen Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Yujie Liao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Weitao Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
| | - Tianfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐organic ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityWeijin Road No. 94Tianjin300071China
| | - Chunfa Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032China
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5
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López M, Huelgas G, Sánchez M, Armenta A, Mendoza A, Lozada-Ramírez JD, Anaya de Parrodi C. Use of Novel Homochiral Thioureas Camphor Derived as Asymmetric Organocatalysts in the Stereoselective Formation of Glycosidic Bonds. Molecules 2024; 29:811. [PMID: 38398563 PMCID: PMC10893146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We synthesized six new camphor-derived homochiral thioureas 1-6, from commercially available (1R)-(-)-camphorquinone. These new compounds 1-6 were evaluated as asymmetric organocatalysts in the stereoselective formation of glycosidic bonds, with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranosyl and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidates as donors, and several alcohols as glycosyl acceptors, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-octanol, iso-propanol, tert-butanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, 1-naphtol, and 2-naphtol. Optimization of the asymmetric glycosylation reaction was achieved by modifying reaction conditions such as solvent, additive, loading of catalyst, temperature, and time of reaction. The best result was obtained with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidates, using 15 mol% of organocatalyst 1, in the presence of 2 equiv of MeOH in solvent-free conditions at room temperature for 1.5 h, affording the glycosidic compound in a 99% yield and 1:73 α:β stereoselectivity; under the same reaction conditions, without using a catalyst, the obtained stereoselectivity was 1:35 α:β. Computational calculations prior to the formation of the products were modeled, using density functional theory, M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) and M06-2X/6-311++G(2d,2p) methods. We observed that the preference for β glycoside formation, through a stereoselective inverted substitution, relies on steric effects and the formation of hydrogen bonds between thiourea 1 and methanol in the complex formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildred López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72810, Mexico; (M.L.); (G.H.); (J.D.L.-R.)
| | - Gabriela Huelgas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72810, Mexico; (M.L.); (G.H.); (J.D.L.-R.)
| | - Mario Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Alianza Norte 202, PIIT, Apodaca 66628, Mexico; (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Adalid Armenta
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Alianza Norte 202, PIIT, Apodaca 66628, Mexico; (M.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Angel Mendoza
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - José Daniel Lozada-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72810, Mexico; (M.L.); (G.H.); (J.D.L.-R.)
| | - Cecilia Anaya de Parrodi
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72810, Mexico; (M.L.); (G.H.); (J.D.L.-R.)
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6
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Aghi A, Sau S, Kumar A. Fe(III)-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of deoxyglycosides using stable bifunctional deoxy-phenylpropiolate glycoside donors. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109051. [PMID: 38325069 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild and economical route for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxy and 2,6-dideoxyglycosides via FeCl3-catalyzed activation of bench stable deoxy-phenylpropiolate glycosyl donors (D-PPGs). Optimized reaction conditions work well under additive-free conditions to afford the corresponding 2-deoxy and 2,6-dideoxyglycosides in good yields with high α-anomeric selectivity by reacting with sugar and non-sugar-based acceptors. The optimized conditions were also extended for disarmed D-PPG donors. In addition, the developed strategy is amenable to high-scale-up synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Aghi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India
| | - Sankar Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801106, India.
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7
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Kumar N, Yadav M, Kashyap S. Reagent-controlled chemo/stereoselective glycosylation of ʟ-fucal to access rare deoxysugars. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:108992. [PMID: 38091695 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
2,6-Dideoxy sugars constitute an important class of anticancer antibiotics natural products and serve as essential medicinal tools for carbohydrate-based drug discovery and vaccine development. In particular, 2-deoxy ʟ-fucose or ʟ-oliose is a rare sugar and vital structural motif of several potent antifungal and immunosuppressive bioactive molecules. Herein, we devised a reagent-controlled stereo and chemoselective activation of ʟ-fucal, enabling the distinctive glycosylation pathways to access the rare ʟ-oliose and 2,3-unsaturated ʟ-fucoside. The milder oxo-philic Bi(OTf)3 catalyst induced the direct 1,2-addition predominantly, whereas B(C6F5)3 promoted the allylic Ferrier-rearrangement of the enol-ether moiety in ʟ-fucal glycal donor, distinguishing the competitive mechanisms. The reagent-tunable modular approach is highly advantageous, employing greener catalysts and atom-economical transformations, expensive ligand/additive-free, and probed for a diverse range of substrates comprising monosaccharides, amino-acids, bioactive natural products, and drug scaffolds embedded with susceptible or labile functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNITJ), Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Monika Yadav
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNITJ), Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Sudhir Kashyap
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNITJ), Jaipur, 302017, India.
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8
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Schmid D, Li TR, Goldfuss B, Tiefenbacher K. Exploring the Glycosylation Reaction Inside the Resorcin[4]arene Capsule. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14515-14526. [PMID: 37796244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been an increased interest in applying supramolecular capsule and cage catalysis to the current challenges in synthetic organic chemistry. In this context, we recently reported the resorcin[4]arene capsule-catalyzed conversion of α-glycosyl halides into β-glycosides with high selectivity. Interestingly, this methodology enabled the formation of a wide range of β-pyranosides as well as β-furanosides, although these two donor classes exhibit different reactivities and usually require different reaction conditions and catalysts. Evidence was provided that a proton wire plays a key role in this reaction by enabling dual activation of the glycosyl donor and acceptor. Here, we describe a detailed investigation of several aspects of this reactivity. Besides a mechanistic study, we elucidated the size limitation, the origin of catalytic turnover, and the electrophile scope of nonglycosylic halides. Moreover, a screening of the sensitivity to changes in the reaction conditions provides guidelines to facilitate reproducibility. Furthermore, we demonstrate the compatibility with environmentally benign solvent alternatives, including the renewable solvent limonene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tian-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Asano T, Udagawa T, Komura N, Imamura A, Ishida H, Ando H, Tanaka HN. Unprecedented neighboring group participation of C2 N-imidoxy functionalities for 1,2-trans-selective glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2023; 527:108808. [PMID: 37068315 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective glycosylation reactions are important in carbohydrate chemistry. The most used method for 1,2-trans(β)-selective glycosylation involves the neighboring group participation (NGP) of the 2-O-acyl protecting group; nevertheless, an alternative stereoselective method independent of classical NGP would contribute to carbohydrate chemistry, despite being challenging to achieve. Herein, a β-selective glycosylation reaction employing unprecedented NGP of the C2 N-succinimidoxy and phthalimidoxy functionalities is reported. The C2 functionalities provided the glycosylated products in high yields with β-selectivity. The participation of the functionalities from the α face of the glycosyl oxocarbenium ions gives stable six-membered intermediates and is supported by density functional theory calculations. The applicability of the phthalimidoxy functionality for hydroxyl protection is also demonstrated. This work expands the scope of functionalities tolerated in carbohydrate chemistry to include O-N moieties.
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10
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Mukherji A, Rotta MKV, Sarmah BK, Kancharla PK. Influence of Various Silyl Protecting Groups on Stereoselective 2-Deoxyrhamnosylation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:245-260. [PMID: 36524596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of various silyl protecting groups on 2-deoxyrhamnosylation using 2-deoxyrhamnosyl acetates, thioglycosides, and (p-methoxyphenyl)vinylbenzoate (PMPVB) donors has been presented. C-Glycosylation reactions reveal that tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), and tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) silyl protected rhamnosyl oxocarbenium ions have no facial selectivity except for the conformationally (4H3) locked tetraisopropyldisiloxane (TIPDS) protected rhamnose donor, which provides complete α-selectivity. However, TBDPS protected rhamnosyl donors are found to be superior protecting groups for α-stereoselective O-glycosylation reactions with various acceptors. The observed results are found consistent across donors and donor activation conditions. Most importantly, the study was conducted at room temperature unlike the other energy-intensive low-temperature studies and was bound to have more practical utility. The outcomes have been explained using kinetic and thermodynamic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Mukherji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mahendra K V Rotta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Bikash K Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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11
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Boron-mediated aglycon delivery (BMAD) for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis glycosides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:79-105. [PMID: 36470650 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
1,2-cis Glycosides are frequently found in biologically active natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and highly functional materials. Therefore, elucidating the role of mechanism of their biological activities will help clarify the structure-activity relationships of these diverse compounds and create new lead compounds for pharmaceuticals by modifying their structures. However, unlike 1,2-trans glycosides, the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis glycosides remains difficult due to the nonavailability of neighboring group participation from the 2-O-acyl functionalities of the glycosyl donors. In this context, we recently developed organoboron-catalyzed 1,2-cis-stereoselecitve glycosylations, called boron-mediated aglycon delivery (BMAD) methods. In this review article, we introduce the BMAD methods and several examples of their application to the synthesis of biologically active glycosides.
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12
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Exploiting photoredox catalysis for carbohydrate modification through C–H and C–C bond activation. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:782-805. [PMID: 37118094 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful synthetic platform for accessing complex chemical structures through non-traditional bond disconnection strategies that proceed through free-radical intermediates. Such synthetic strategies have been used for a range of organic transformations; however, in carbohydrate chemistry they have primarily been applied to the generation of oxocarbenium ion intermediates in the ubiquitous glycosylation reaction. In this Review, we present more intricate light-induced synthetic strategies to modify native carbohydrates through homolytic C-H and C-C bond cleavage. These strategies allow access to glycans and glycoconjugates with profoundly altered carbohydrate skeletons, which are challenging to obtain through conventional synthetic means. Carbohydrate derivatives with such structural motifs represent a broad class of natural products integral to numerous biochemical processes and can be found in active pharmaceutical substances. Here we present progress made in C-H and C-C bond activation of carbohydrates through photoredox catalysis, focusing on the operational mechanisms and the scope of the described methodologies.
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13
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Jeanneret R, Walz C, van Meerbeek M, Coppock S, Galan MC. AuCl 3-Catalyzed Hemiacetal Activation for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxy Trehalose Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:6304-6309. [PMID: 35994370 PMCID: PMC9442795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new practical, catalytic, and highly stereoselective method for directly accessing 1,1-α,α'-linked 2-deoxy trehalose analogues via AuCl3-catalyzed dehydrative glycosylation using hemiacetal glycosyl donors and acceptors is described. The method relies on the chemoselective Brønsted acid-type activation of tribenzylated 2-deoxy hemiacetals in the presence of other less reactive hemiacetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Walz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van Meerbeek
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Coppock
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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14
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Gurung PB, Thapa P, Hettiarachchi IL, Zhu J. Cationic gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamate donors. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7006-7010. [PMID: 36000552 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01436j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A mild and efficient cationic gold(I)-catalyzed O-glycosylation methodology involving the use of bench-stable glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamate donors has been developed. In the presence of 1-2 mol% [tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite]gold(I) chloride and 5 mol% silver triflate, both "armed" and "disarmed" glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamate donors react with various sugar acceptors at room temperature to afford the corresponding glycosides in good to excellent yields. These glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamates are found to be orthogonal to regular phenyl thioglycoside donors. The utilization of this method has been demonstrated in the synthesis of a trisaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Prakash Thapa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Ishani Lakshika Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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15
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Li TR, Huck F, Piccini G, Tiefenbacher K. Mimicry of the proton wire mechanism of enzymes inside a supramolecular capsule enables β-selective O-glycosylations. Nat Chem 2022; 14:985-994. [PMID: 35798949 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes achieve high substrate and product selectivities by orientating and activating the substrate(s) appropriately inside a confined and finely optimized binding pocket. Although some basic aspects of enzymes have already been mimicked successfully with man-made catalysts, substrate activation by proton wires inside enzyme pockets has not been recreated with man-made catalysts so far. A proton wire facilitates the dual activation of a nucleophile and an electrophile via a reciprocal proton transfer, enabling highly stereoselective reactions under mild conditions. Here we present evidence for such an activation mode inside the supramolecular resorcin[4]arene capsule and demonstrate that it enables catalytic and highly β-selective glycosylation reactions-still a major challenge in glycosylation chemistry. Extensive control experiments provide very strong evidence that the reactions take place inside the molecular container. We show that this activation strategy is compatible with a broad scope of glycoside donors and nucleophiles, and is only limited by the cavity size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Huck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - GiovanniMaria Piccini
- Facoltà di Informatica, Istituto Eulero, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Silva J, Spiess R, Marchesi A, Flitsch SL, Gough JE, Webb SJ. Enzymatic elaboration of oxime-linked glycoconjugates in solution and on liposomes. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5016-5027. [PMID: 35723603 PMCID: PMC9258907 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxime formation is a convenient one-step method for ligating reducing sugars to surfaces, producing a mixture of closed ring α- and β-anomers along with open-chain (E)- and (Z)-isomers. Here we show that despite existing as a mixture of isomers, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) oximes can still be substrates for β(1,4)-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT1). β4GalT1 catalysed the galactosylation of GlcNAc oximes by a galactose donor (UDP-Gal) both in solution and in situ on the surface of liposomes, with conversions up to 60% in solution and ca. 15-20% at the liposome surface. It is proposed that the β-anomer is consumed preferentially but long reaction times allow this isomer to be replenished by equilibration from the remaining isomers. Adding further enzymes gave more complex oligosaccharides, with a combination of α-1,3-fucosyltransferase, β4GalT1 and the corresponding sugar donors providing Lewis X coated liposomes. However, sialylation using T. cruzi trans-sialidase and sialyllactose provided only very small amounts of sialyl Lewis X (sLex) capped lipid. These observations show that combining oxime formation with enzymatic elaboration will be a useful method for the high-throughput surface modification of drug delivery vehicles, such as liposomes, with cell-targeting oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Reynard Spiess
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Andrea Marchesi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Julie E Gough
- Department of Materials and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Simon J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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17
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Wu X, Zheng Z, Wang L, Xue Y, Liao J, Liu H, Liu D, Sun JS, Zhang Q. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3‐diamino‐2,3‐dideoxyglycosides from 3‐O‐acetyl‐2‐nitroglycals. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Wu
- Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
| | - Zhichao Zheng
- Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
| | - Liming Wang
- Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
| | - Yunxia Xue
- Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
| | - Jinxi Liao
- Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
| | - Hui Liu
- Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
| | - Deyong Liu
- Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
| | - Qingju Zhang
- Jiangxi Normal University National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis 99 Ziyang Avenue 330022 Nanchang CHINA
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18
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Thapa P, Gurung PB, Hettiarachchi IL, Zhu J. Cationic gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl S-3-butynyl thiocarbonate donors. J Carbohydr Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2022.2076863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Thapa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Prem Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ishani Lakshika Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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19
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Yadav RN, Hossain MF, Das A, Srivastava AK, Banik BK. Organocatalysis: A recent development on stereoselective synthesis of o-glycosides. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2022.2041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Naresh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Md. Firoj Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, India
| | - Aparna Das
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Xiao K, Hu Y, Wan Y, Li X, Nie Q, Yan H, Wang L, Liao J, Liu D, Tu Y, Sun J, Codée JDC, Zhang Q. Hydrogen bond activated glycosylation under mild conditions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1600-1607. [PMID: 35282639 PMCID: PMC8826775 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a new glycosylation system for the highly efficient and stereoselective formation of glycosidic bonds using glycosyl N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate (PTFAI) donors and a charged thiourea hydrogen-bond-donor catalyst. The glycosylation protocol features broad substrate scope, controllable stereoselectivity, good to excellent yields and exceptionally mild catalysis conditions. Benefitting from the mild reaction conditions, this new hydrogen bond-mediated glycosylation system in combination with a hydrogen bond-mediated aglycon delivery system provides a reliable method for the synthesis of challenging phenolic glycosides. In addition, a chemoselective glycosylation procedure was developed using different imidate donors (trichloroacetimidates, N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidates, N-4-nitrophenyl trifluoroacetimidates, benzoxazolyl imidates and 6-nitro-benzothiazolyl imidates) and it was applied for a trisaccharide synthesis through a novel one-pot single catalyst strategy. A mild glycosylation system was developed using glycosyl imidate donors and a charge-enhanced thiourea H-bond donor catalyst. The method can be used for the effective synthesis of O-, C-, S- and N-glycosides and chemoselective one-pot glycosylation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yongyong Wan
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - XinXin Li
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Qin Nie
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Hao Yan
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Liming Wang
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Jinxi Liao
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Deyong Liu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Yuanhong Tu
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Jiansong Sun
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Qingju Zhang
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China .,Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University 99 Ziyang Avenue Nanchang 330022 China
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21
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Marino C, Bordoni AV. Deoxy sugars. General methods for carbohydrate deoxygenation and glycosidation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:934-962. [PMID: 35014646 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deoxy sugars represent an important class of carbohydrates, present in a large number of biomolecules involved in multiple biological processes. In various antibiotics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic agents the presence of deoxygenated units has been recognized as responsible for biological roles, such as adhesion or great affinity to receptors, or improved efficacy. The characterization of glycosidases and glycosyltranferases requires substrates, inhibitors and analogous compounds. Deoxygenated sugars are useful for carrying out specific studies for these enzymes. Deoxy sugars, analogs of natural substrates, may behave as substrates or inhibitors, or may not interact with the enzyme. They are also important for glycodiversification studies of bioactive natural products and glycobiological processes, which could contribute to discovering new therapeutic agents with greater efficacy by modification or replacement of sugar units. Deoxygenation of carbohydrates is, thus, of great interest and numerous efforts have been dedicated to the development of methods for the reduction of sugar hydroxyl groups. Given that carbohydrates are the most important renewable chemicals and are more oxidized than fossil raw materials, it is also important to have methods to selectively remove oxygen from certain atoms of these renewable raw materials. The different methods for removal of OH groups of carbohydrates and representative or recent applications of them are presented in this chapter. Glycosidic bonds in general, and 2-deoxy glycosidic linkages, are included. It is not the scope of this survey to cover all reports for each specific technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea V Bordoni
- Gerencia Química & Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of unnatural oligosaccharides and polysaccharides using nonnative substrates. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Organocatalytic esterification of polysaccharides for food applications: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Gallier F, E Miranda LSDM. Organocatalysis applied to carbohydrates: from roots to current developments. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:919-933. [PMID: 34931627 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01919h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis emerged in the last decade as a powerful tool for the synthesis of complex molecules. In the field of carbohydrates, it found widespread use in the synthesis of rare and non-natural carbohydrate derivatives. Additionally, it has also found important application in the stereoselective functionalization of the anomeric carbon in glycosylation reactions. These efforts culminated in the development of different types of catalysts operating through distinct activation modes that allow the selective synthesis of α- or β-glycosides even on daunting substrates. All these advances starting from its first examples in carbohydrate synthesis to the current developments in glycosylation reactions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gallier
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Leandro Soter de Mariz E Miranda
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Centro de Tecnologia, Bl A, 21941909 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Exploiting non-covalent interactions in selective carbohydrate synthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:792-815. [PMID: 37117666 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions (NCIs) are a vital component of biological bond-forming events, and have found important applications in multiple branches of chemistry. In recent years, the biomimetic exploitation of NCIs in challenging glycosidic bond formation and glycofunctionalizations has attracted significant interest across diverse communities of organic and carbohydrate chemists. This emerging theme is a major new direction in contemporary carbohydrate chemistry, and is rapidly gaining traction as a robust strategy to tackle long-standing issues such as anomeric and site selectivity. This Review thus seeks to provide a bird's-eye view of wide-ranging advances in harnessing NCIs within the broad field of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. These include the exploitation of NCIs in non-covalent catalysed glycosylations, in non-covalent catalysed glycofunctionalizations, in aglycone delivery, in stabilization of intermediates and transition states, in the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding networks and in aggregation by hydrogen bonds. In addition, recent emerging opportunities in exploiting halogen bonding and other unconventional NCIs, such as CH-π, cation-π and cation-n interactions, in various aspects of carbohydrate chemistry are also examined.
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26
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Meng S, Li X, Zhu J. Recent advances in direct synthesis of 2-deoxy glycosides and thioglycosides. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Liou SW, Fang JL, Lin HW, Tsai TW, Huang HH, Liang CY, Yang CR, Wei GT, Yu CC. Effective Separation of Human Milk Glycosides using Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:492-497. [PMID: 33417290 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate purification remains problematic due to the intrinsic diversity of structural isomers present in nature. Although liquid chromatography-based techniques are suitable for analyzing or preparing most glycan structures acquired either from natural sources or through chemical or enzymatic synthesis, the separation of regioisomers or linkage isomers with a clear resolution remains challenging. Herein, a carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was devised to resolve 18 human milk glycosides: oligomers (disaccharides to hexasaccharides), fucosylated regioisomers (lacto-N-fucopentaose I, III, and V; lacto-N-neofucopentaose V; lacto-N-difucohexaose III; blood group H1 antigen; and TF-LNnT), and connectivity isomers (lacto-N-tetraose/lacto-N-neotetraose and para-lacto-N-hexaose/para-lacto-N-neohexaose/type-1 hexasaccharide). The analysis of these glycosides represents a major limitation associated with conventional carbohydrate analysis. The unprecedented resolution achieved by the SFC method indicates the suitability of this key technology for revealing complex human milk glycomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Liou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ruel Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Guor-Tzo Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
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28
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Talasila DS, Bauer EB. Ferrocenium complex aided O-glycosylation of glycosyl halides. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36814-36820. [PMID: 35494397 PMCID: PMC9043573 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for the activation of glycosyl halide donors to be utilized in glycosylation reactions is presented, utilizing the ferrocenium (Fc) complexes [FcB(OH)2]SbF6 and FcBF4 as promoters. The scope of the new system has been investigated using glycosyl chloride and glycosyl fluoride donors in combination with common glycosyl acceptors, such as protected glucose. The corresponding glycosylation products were formed in 95 to 10% isolated yields with α/β ratios ranging from 1/1 to β only (2 to 14 h reaction time at room temperature, 40 to 100% ferrocenium promoter load). Ferrocenium complexes as a new, tunable platform for O-glycosylation reactions are introduced.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Deva Saroja Talasila
- University of Missouri – St. Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Eike B. Bauer
- University of Missouri – St. Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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29
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Peña-Ortiz L, Schlembach I, Lackner G, Regestein L. Impact of Oxygen Supply and Scale Up on Mycobacterium smegmatis Cultivation and Mycofactocin Formation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:593781. [PMID: 33344432 PMCID: PMC7744413 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.593781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycofactocin (MFT) is a recently discovered glycosylated redox cofactor, which has been associated with the detoxification of antibiotics in pathogenic mycobacteria, and, therefore, of potential medical interest. The MFT biosynthetic gene cluster is commonly found in mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Since the MFT molecule is highly interesting for basic research and could even serve as a potential drug target, large-scale production of the molecule is highly desired. However, conventional shake flask cultivations failed to produce enough MFT for further biochemical characterization like kinetic studies and structure elucidation, and a more comprehensive study of cultivation parameters is urgently needed. Being a redox cofactor, it can be hypothesized that the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) is a critical parameter for MFT formation. Using the non-pathogenic strain Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155, shake flask experiments with online measurement of the oxygen uptake and the carbon dioxide formation, were conducted under different levels of oxygen supply. Using liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, a 4-8 times increase of MFT production was identified under oxygen-limited conditions, in both complex and mineral medium. Moreover, the level of oxygen supply modulates not only the overall MFT formation but also the length of the glycosidic chain. Finally, all results were scaled up into a 7 L stirred tank reactor to elucidate the kinetics of MFT formation. Ultimately, this study enables the production of high amounts of these redox cofactors, to perform further investigations into the role and importance of MFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Peña-Ortiz
- Junior Research Group Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ivan Schlembach
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerald Lackner
- Junior Research Group Synthetic Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Regestein
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are a large class of natural products that play key roles in a number of biological processes such as in cellular communication or disease progression. Carbohydrates are also used as vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Their synthesis through glycosylation reactions is challenging, and often stoichiometric amounts of promoters are required. Transition metal catalyzed glycosylation reactions are far less common, but can have advantages with respect to reaction conditions and selectivity. The review intends to approach the topic from the catalysis and carbohydrate perspective to encourage researchers from both the fields to perform research in the area. The article covers the basics in glycosylation and catalysis chemistry. The catalysts for the reaction can be roughly divided into two groups. In one group, the catalysts serve as Lewis acids. In the other group, the catalysts play a higher sophisticated role, are involved in all elementary steps of the mechanism and remain coordinated to the substrate throughout the whole catalytic cycle. Based on selected examples, the main trends in transition metal catalyzed glycosylation reactions are explained. Lewis acid catalysts tend to require a somewhat higher catalyst load compared to other organometallic catalysts. The reaction conditions such as the temperature and time depend in many cases on the leaving group employed. An outlook is also presented. The article is not meant to be comprehensive; it outlines the most common transition metal catalyzed processes with the intention to bring the catalysis and carbohydrate communities together and to inspire research activities in both areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike B Bauer
- University of Missouri - St Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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31
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Jeanneret RA, Johnson SE, Galan MC. Conformationally Constrained Glycosyl Donors as Tools to Control Glycosylation Outcomes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15801-15826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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32
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A robust and tunable halogen bond organocatalyzed 2-deoxyglycosylation involving quantum tunneling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4911. [PMID: 32999276 PMCID: PMC7527348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of noncovalent halogen bonding (XB) catalysis is rapidly gaining traction, as isolated reports documented better performance than the well-established hydrogen bonding thiourea catalysis. However, convincing cases allowing XB activation to be competitive in challenging bond formations are lacking. Herein, we report a robust XB catalyzed 2-deoxyglycosylation, featuring a biomimetic reaction network indicative of dynamic XB activation. Benchmarking studies uncovered an improved substrate tolerance compared to thiourea-catalyzed protocols. Kinetic investigations reveal an autoinductive sigmoidal kinetic profile, supporting an in situ amplification of a XB dependent active catalytic species. Kinetic isotopic effect measurements further support quantum tunneling in the rate determining step. Furthermore, we demonstrate XB catalysis tunability via a halogen swapping strategy, facilitating 2-deoxyribosylations of D-ribals. This protocol showcases the clear emergence of XB catalysis as a versatile activation mode in noncovalent organocatalysis, and as an important addition to the catalytic toolbox of chemical glycosylations. Halogen bonding (HB) catalysis is rapidly gaining momentum, however, cases of XB activation for challenging bonds formation are rare. Here, the authors show a robust XB catalyzed 2-deoxyglycosylation with broad scope and featuring a quantum tunneling phenomenon in the proton transfer rate determining step.
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33
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Liu M, Liu K, Xiong D, Zhang H, Li T, Li B, Qin X, Bai J, Ye X. Stereoselective Electro‐2‐deoxyglycosylation from Glycals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Kai‐Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - De‐Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jinhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin‐Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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34
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Kumar M, Reddy TR, Gurawa A, Kashyap S. Copper(ii)-catalyzed stereoselective 1,2-addition vs. Ferrier glycosylation of "armed" and "disarmed" glycal donors. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4848-4862. [PMID: 32608448 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective activation of "armed' and ''disarmed" glycal donors enabling the stereo-controlled glycosylations by employing Cu(ii)-catalyst as the promoter has been realized. The distinctive stereochemical outcome in the process is mainly influenced by the presence of diverse protecting groups on the donor and the solvent system employed. The protocol is compatible with a variety of aglycones including carbohydrates, amino acids, and natural products to access deoxy-glycosides and glycoconjugates with high α-anomeric selectivity. Notably, the synthetic practicality of the method is amply verified for the stereoselective assembling of trisaccharides comprising 2-deoxy components. Mechanistic studies involving deuterated experiments validate the syn-diastereoselective 1,2-addition of acceptors on the double bond of armed donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Thurpu Raghavender Reddy
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Aakanksha Gurawa
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Sudhir Kashyap
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur-302017, India.
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35
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Li Q, Levi SM, Jacobsen EN. Highly Selective β-Mannosylations and β-Rhamnosylations Catalyzed by Bis-thiourea. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11865-11872. [PMID: 32527078 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report highly β-selective bis-thioureas-catalyzed 1,2-cis-O-pyranosylations employing easily accessible acetonide-protected donors. A wide variety of alcohol nucleophiles, including complex natural products, glycosides, and amino acids were β-mannosylated and β-rhamnosylated successfully using an operationally simple protocol under mild and neutral conditions. Less nucleophilic acceptors such as phenols were also glycosylated efficiently in excellent yields and with high β-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Samuel M Levi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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36
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Liu M, Liu KM, Xiong DC, Zhang H, Li T, Li B, Qin X, Bai J, Ye XS. Stereoselective Electro-2-deoxyglycosylation from Glycals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15204-15208. [PMID: 32394599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel and highly stereoselective electro-2-deoxyglycosylation from glycals. This method features excellent stereoselectivity, scope, and functional-group tolerance. This process can also be applied to the modification of a wide range of natural products and drugs. Furthermore, a scalable synthesis of glycosylated podophyllotoxin and a one-pot trisaccharide synthesis through iterative electroglycosylations were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kai-Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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37
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Palo-Nieto C, Sau A, Jeanneret R, Payard PA, Salamé A, Martins-Teixeira MB, Carvalho I, Grimaud L, Galan MC. Copper Reactivity Can Be Tuned to Catalyze the Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxyglycosides from Glycals. Org Lett 2020; 22:1991-1996. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Palo-Nieto
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 3TS, United Kingdom
| | - Abhijit Sau
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 3TS, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 3TS, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Adrien Payard
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université − Ecole Normale Supérieure − CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aude Salamé
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université − Ecole Normale Supérieure − CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maristela Braga Martins-Teixeira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université − Ecole Normale Supérieure − CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 3TS, United Kingdom
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38
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Mayfield AB, Metternich JB, Trotta AH, Jacobsen EN. Stereospecific Furanosylations Catalyzed by Bis-thiourea Hydrogen-Bond Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4061-4069. [PMID: 32013410 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method for stereoselective O-furanosylation reactions promoted by a precisely tailored bis-thiourea hydrogen-bond-donor catalyst. Furanosyl donors outfitted with an anomeric dialkylphosphate leaving group undergo substitution with high anomeric selectivity, providing access to the challenging 1,2-cis substitution pattern with a range of alcohol acceptors. A variety of stereochemically distinct, benzyl-protected glycosyl donors were engaged successfully as substrates. Mechanistic studies support a stereospecific mechanism in which rate-determining substitution occurs from a catalyst-donor resting-state complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Mayfield
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jan B Metternich
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Adam H Trotta
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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39
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Iibuchi N, Eto T, Aoyagi M, Kurinami R, Sakai H, Hasobe T, Takahashi D, Toshima K. Photo-induced glycosylation using a diaryldisulfide as an organo-Lewis photoacid catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:851-855. [PMID: 31939472 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photo-induced glycosylations of several acceptors with trichloroacetimidate donors using bis(2-naphthyl)disulfide as an organo-Lewis photoacid (LPA) catalyst proceeded effectively to give the corresponding glycosides in good to high yields. In addition, the ground and excited state absorption spectra of bis(2-naphthyl)disulfide with or without NEt3 suggested the Lewis acidity of bis(2-naphthyl)disulfide upon photo-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Iibuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Eto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Manabu Aoyagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Reiji Kurinami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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40
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An eco-friendly N-benzoylglycine/thiourea cooperative catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of β-L-rhamnopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2019; 487:107887. [PMID: 31830633 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new practical utility for β-stereoselective L-rhamnopyranosylations are conducted using rhamnosyl trichloroacetimidate donors in the presence of N-benzoylglycine/thiourea cooperative catalysis. This method represents the first instance where amino acid derivative N-benzoylglycine is used as a catalyst for β-L-rhamnopyranosylations. This method represents the first instance where environmentally benign amino acid derivative, such as N-benzoylglycine which is reported as less toxic and can be used as efficient catalyst for smooth transformation under eco friendly conditions. On the other hand β-stereoselectivity of rhamnosyl trichloroacetimidate donors protected with O-picoloyl groups at remote positions (C-2 and C-3) has been investigated while the glycosylation reactions of 2-O-picoloyl group substituted l-rhamnosyl donor displays predominant β-stereoselectivity. Reaction proceeded smoothly with moderate to high yield under mild reaction conditions at room temperature with 10 mol% catalyst loadings and tolerant of a wide range of glycoside acceptors.
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41
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Ghosh T, Mukherji A, Kancharla PK. Sterically Hindered 2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylpyridinium Salts as Single Hydrogen Bond Donors for Highly Stereoselective Glycosylation Reactions of Glycals. Org Lett 2019; 21:3490-3495. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Titli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ananya Mukherji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Pavan K. Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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42
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Abstract
Because of their pivotal biological functions, attention to sugars and glycobiology has grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to increased demand for homogeneous oligosaccharides. The stereoselective preparation of oligosaccharides by chemical means remains challenging and continues to be a vivid research area for organic chemists. In the past decade, new approaches and reinvestigated traditional methods have transformed the field. These developments include novel catalyses, various types of glycosylation modulators and the use of photochemical energy to facilitate glycosylation. This Minireview presents a brief overview of the latest trends in chemical glycosylation, with emphasis on the stereoselective synthetic protocols developed in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
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43
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Dubey A, Sangwan R, Mandal PK. N-benzoylglycine/thiourea cooperative catalyzed stereoselective O-glycosidation: Activation of O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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44
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45
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Xu C, Loh CCJ. A Multistage Halogen Bond Catalyzed Strain-Release Glycosylation Unravels New Hedgehog Signaling Inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5381-5391. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Xu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C. J. Loh
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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46
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Abstract
The translation of biological glycosylation in humans to the clinical applications involves systematic studies using homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, which could be accessed by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods. However, the structural complexity and wide-range variations of glycans and their conjugates represent a major challenge in the synthesis of this class of biomolecules. To help navigate within many methods of oligosaccharide synthesis, this Perspective offers a critical assessment of the most promising synthetic strategies with an eye on the therapeutically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krasnova
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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47
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Sau A, Palo-Nieto C, Galan MC. Substrate-Controlled Direct α-Stereoselective Synthesis of Deoxyglycosides from Glycals Using B(C 6F 5) 3 as Catalyst. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2415-2424. [PMID: 30706711 PMCID: PMC6466476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
B(C6F5)3 enables the metal-free
unprecedented substrate-controlled direct α-stereoselective
synthesis of deoxyglycosides from glycals. 2,3-Unsaturated α-O-glycoside products are obtained with deactivated glycals
at 75 °C in the presence of the catalyst, while 2-deoxyglycosides
are formed using activated glycals that bear no leaving group at C-3
at lower temperatures. The reaction proceeds in good to excellent
yields via concomitant borane activation of glycal donor and nucleophile
acceptor. The method is exemplified with the synthesis of a series
of rare and biologically relevant glycoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sau
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Palo-Nieto
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
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48
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Ghosh T, Mukherji A, Srivastava HK, Kancharla PK. Secondary amine salt catalyzed controlled activation of 2-deoxy sugar lactols towards alpha-selective dehydrative glycosylation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:2870-2875. [PMID: 29633773 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new organocatalytic glycosylation method exploiting the lactol functionality has been disclosed. The catalytic generation of glycosyl oxacarbenium ions from lactols under forcible conditions via weakly Brønsted-acidic, readily available secondary amine salts affects the diastereoselective glycosylation of 2-deoxypyranoses and furanoses. This operationally simple iminium catalyzed activation of 2-deoxy hemi-acetals is a potential alternative to the existing cumbersome methods that need specialized handling. The mechanisms for this unique transformation and kinetic/thermodynamic effects have been discussed based on both experimental evidence and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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49
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Karak M, Joh Y, Suenaga M, Oishi T, Torikai K. 1,2- trans Glycosylation via Neighboring Group Participation of 2- O-Alkoxymethyl Groups: Application to One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis. Org Lett 2019; 21:1221-1225. [PMID: 30693782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of 2- O-alkoxymethyl groups as effective stereodirecting substituents for the construction of 1,2- trans glycosidic linkages is reported. The observed stereoselectivity arises from the intramolecular formation of a five-membered cyclic architecture between the 2- O-alkoxymethyl substituent and the oxocarbenium ion, which provides the expected facial selectivity. Furthermore, the observed stereocontrol and the extremely high reactivity of 2- O-alkoxymethyl-protected donors allowed development of a one-pot sequential glycosylation strategy that should become a powerful tool for the assembly of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milandip Karak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Yohei Joh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Tohru Oishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Kohei Torikai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty and Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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50
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Bradshaw GA, Colgan AC, Allen NP, Pongener I, Boland MB, Ortin Y, McGarrigle EM. Stereoselective organocatalyzed glycosylations - thiouracil, thioureas and monothiophthalimide act as Brønsted acid catalysts at low loadings. Chem Sci 2019; 10:508-514. [PMID: 30713648 PMCID: PMC6334493 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiouracil catalyzes stereoselective glycosylations with galactals in loadings as low as 0.1 mol%. It is proposed that in these glycosylations thiouracil, monothiophthalimide, and the previously reported catalyst, Schreiner's thiourea, do not operate via a double H-bonding mechanism but rather by Brønsted acid/base catalysis. In addition to the synthesis of 2-deoxyglycosides and glycoconjugates, we report the first organocatalytic synthesis of 1,1'-linked trehalose-type sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bradshaw
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - A C Colgan
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - N P Allen
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - I Pongener
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - M B Boland
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - Y Ortin
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
| | - E M McGarrigle
- Centre for Synthesis & Chemical Biology , UCD School of Chemistry , University College Dublin , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland .
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