1
|
Sun B, Meeus EJ, de Zwart FJ, Bobylev EO, Mooibroek TJ, Mathew S, Reek JNH. Chirality-Driven Self-Assembly of Discrete, Homochiral Fe II 2 L 3 Cages. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203900. [PMID: 36645137 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Coordination chemistry is a powerful method to synthesize supramolecular cages with distinct features that suit specific applications. This work demonstrates the synthesis of discrete, homochiral FeII 2 L3 cages via chirality-driven self-assembly. Specifically, the installation of chirality - at both the vertices and ligand backbones - allows the formation of discrete, homochiral FeII 2 L3 cages of different sizes via stereochemical control of the iron(II) centers. We observed that larger cages require multiple chiral centra (chiral ligands and vertices). In contrast, the formation of smaller cages is stereoselective with solely chiral ligands. The latter cages can also be formed from two chiral subcomponents, but only when they have matching chirality. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of these smaller FeII 2 L3 cages revealed several non-covalent interactions as a driving force for narcissistic chiral self-sorting. This expected behavior was confirmed utilizing the shorter ligands in racemic form, yielding discrete, homochiral FeII 2 L3 cages formed in enantiomeric pairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva J Meeus
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard O Bobylev
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiddo J Mooibroek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ding Y, Shen C, Gan F, Wang J, Zhang G, Li L, Shu M, Zhu B, Crassous J, Qiu H. Tunable construction of transition metal-coordinated helicene cages. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
3
|
Ji C, Wang G, Wang H. Progress in Metal-Organic Supramolecular System Based on Subcomponent Self-Assembly. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202012030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Jarzebski A, Schnakenburg G, Lützen A. Chiral Self-Sorting Effects in the Self-Assembly of Metallosupramolecular Aggregates Comprising Ligands Derived from Tröger's Base. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1455-1464. [PMID: 32644289 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Five ligands with either nitrile or isonitrile metal binding motifs have been synthesized based on the 2,8- or 3,9-disubstituted Tröger's base scaffold, respectively. These ligands self-assemble into dinuclear cyclic metallosupramolecular aggregates upon coordination to [(dppp)Pd(OTf)2 ] in a highly diastereoselective manner, by heterochiral self-sorting in a chiral self-discriminating manner as shown by ESI mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal XRD analysis. This observation is in contrast to earlier studies with ligands derived from Tröger's base that have larger metal binding motifs and bis(nitrile) and bis(isonitrile) ligands based on other rigid dissymmetric cores such as [2.2]paracyclophanes. Thus, the combination of these slim metal binding motifs with the rigid v-shaped 2,8- or 3,9-disubstituted Tröger's base scaffolds seems to be especially well preorganized to ensure high-fidelity social self-sorting behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jarzebski
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- University of Bonn, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- University of Bonn, Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Volbach L, Struch N, Bohle F, Topić F, Schnakenburg G, Schneider A, Rissanen K, Grimme S, Lützen A. Influencing the Self-Sorting Behavior of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Based Ligands by Introducing Isostructural Binding Motifs. Chemistry 2020; 26:3335-3347. [PMID: 31815311 PMCID: PMC7154700 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two isostructural ligands with either nitrile (Lnit) or isonitrile (Liso) moieties directly connected to a [2.2]paracyclophane backbone with pseudo‐meta substitution pattern have been synthesized. The ligand itself (Lnit) or its precursors (Liso) were resolved by HPLC on a chiral stationary phase and the absolute configuration of the isolated enantiomers was assigned by XRD analysis and/or by comparison of quantum‐chemical simulated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Surprisingly, the resulting metallosupramolecular aggregates formed in solution upon coordination of [(dppp)Pd(OTf)2] differ in their composition: whereas Lnit forms dinuclear complexes, Liso exclusively forms trinuclear ones. Furthermore, they also differ in their chiral self‐sorting behavior as (rac)‐Liso undergoes exclusive social self‐sorting leading to a heterochiral assembly, whereas (rac)‐Liso shows a twofold preference for the formation of homochiral complexes in a narcissistic self‐sorting manner as proven by ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Interestingly, upon crystallization, these discrete aggregates undergo structural transformation to coordination polymers, as evidenced by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Volbach
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niklas Struch
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.,current address: Arlanxeo Netherlands B.V., Urmonderbaan 24, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Bohle
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.,current address: Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Qc, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneider
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ogata D, Yuasa J. Remarkable self-sorting selectivity in covalently linked homochiral and heterochiral pairs driven by Pd 2L 4 helicate formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8679-8682. [PMID: 32613974 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03539d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole-based ditopic ligands bearing two chiral alkyl groups (LRR, LSS, and LRS) were synthesized. The ligands formed Pd2L4 helicates with palladium ions (Pd2+). Self-sorting occurred between LRR and LRS to form (Pd2+)2(LRR)4 and (Pd2+)2(LRS)4 homoligand assemblies, whereas mixing of LRR and LSS with Pd2+ gave a near statistical mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Ogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anhäuser J, Puttreddy R, Lorenz Y, Schneider A, Engeser M, Rissanen K, Lützen A. Chiral self-sorting behaviour of [2.2]paracyclophane-based bis(pyridine) ligands. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00155g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[2.2]Paracyclophane-based bis(pyridine) ligands form dinuclear complexes upon coordination to palladium(ii) ions, however, with distinct differences concerning their chiral self-sorting ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Anhäuser
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - R. Puttreddy
- University of Jyväskylä
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- 40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - Y. Lorenz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - A. Schneider
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - M. Engeser
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - K. Rissanen
- University of Jyväskylä
- Department of Chemistry
- Nanoscience Center
- 40014 Jyväskylä
- Finland
| | - A. Lützen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Percástegui EG, Mosquera J, Ronson TK, Plajer AJ, Kieffer M, Nitschke JR. Waterproof architectures through subcomponent self-assembly. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2006-2018. [PMID: 30881630 PMCID: PMC6385555 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of metal–organic containers that are soluble and stable in water can be challenging – we present diverse strategies that allow the synthesis of kinetically robust water-soluble architectures via subcomponent self-assembly.
Metal–organic containers are readily prepared through self-assembly, but achieving solubility and stability in water remains challenging due to ligand insolubility and the reversible nature of the self-assembly process. Here we have developed conditions for preparing a broad range of architectures that are both soluble and kinetically stable in water through metal(ii)-templated (MII = CoII, NiII, ZnII, CdII) subcomponent self-assembly. Although these structures are composed of hydrophobic and poorly-soluble subcomponents, sulfate counterions render them water-soluble, and they remain intact indefinitely in aqueous solution. Two strategies are presented. Firstly, stability increased with metal–ligand bond strength, maximising when NiII was used as a template. Architectures that disassembled when CoII, ZnII and CdII templates were employed could be directly prepared from NiSO4 in water. Secondly, a higher density of connections between metals and ligands within a structure, considering both ligand topicity and degree of metal chelation, led to increased stability. When tritopic amines were used to build highly chelating ligands around ZnII and CdII templates, cryptate-like water-soluble structures were formed using these labile ions. Our synthetic platform provides a unified understanding of the elements of aqueous stability, allowing predictions of the stability of metal–organic cages that have not yet been prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Alex J Plajer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Marion Kieffer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , CB2 1EW , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun B, Nurttila SS, Reek JNH. Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Chiral Fe II 2 L 3 Cages. Chemistry 2018; 24:14693-14700. [PMID: 30025184 PMCID: PMC6175241 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present here the synthesis of chiral BINOL-derived (BINOL=1,1'-bi-2-naphthol) bisamine and bispyridine-aldehyde building blocks that can be used for the self-assembly of novel chiral FeII 2 L3 cages when mixed with an iron(II) precursor. The properties of a series of chiral cages were studied by NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, cold-spray ionization MS, and molecular modeling. Upon formation of the M2 L3 cages, the iron corners can adopt various isomeric forms: mer, fac-Δ, or fac-Λ. We found that the coordination geometry around the metal centers in R-Cages 1 and 2 were influenced by the chiral BINOL backbone only to a limited extent, as a mixture of cages was formed with fac and mer configurations at the iron corners. However, single cage species (fac-RR-Cage and fac-RS-Cage) that are enantiopure and highly symmetric were obtained by generating these chiral M2 L3 cages by using the bispyridine-aldehyde building blocks in combination with chiral amine moieties to form pyridylimine ligands for coordination to iron. Next to consistent NMR spectra, the CD spectra confirm the configurations fac-(Λ,Λ) and fac-(Δ,Δ) corresponding to RR- and RS-Cage, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired and Supramolecular Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sandra S. Nurttila
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired and Supramolecular Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Bioinspired and Supramolecular Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|