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Marcantonio E, Curti C. Shaping Chirality via Stereoselective, Organocatalytic [4+2] Cycloadditions involving Heterocyclic ortho-Quinodimethanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304001. [PMID: 38235930 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic compounds bearing a complex heterocyclic core such as an aromatic heterocycle "fused" with one or more functionalized rings, are widespread leading molecules in the domain of synthetic organic chemistry and pharmaceuticals. Although many synthetic methodologies have been devised to access achiral, fused heteroaromatic scaffolds, or related chiral variants adorned with out-of-cycle stereogenic elements, equally efficient strategies to afford chiral heterocycles featuring in-cycle stereocenters, exist to a lesser extent and presently represent a growing field of investigation. The mild, organocatalytic generation of elusive ortho-quinodimethane intermediates (oQDMs), derived from suitable heteroaromatic carbonyl- or carbonyl-like pronucleophiles has recently proved successful in the synthesis of such peculiar chiral architectures via stereoselective [4+2] cycloadditions. This review provides an overview of the most important advances attained in this field over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marcantonio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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2
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Gambhir D, Singh S, Singh RP. Enamine/Iminium-based Dual Organocatalytic Systems for Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300627. [PMID: 37910066 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The rational combination of two catalysts to expedite the construction of chiral complex biologically and pharmacologically relevant chiral compounds has widely gained momentum over the past decade. In particular, enamine or iminium catalysis ensuing from the activation of aldehyde or ketone by chiral amine catalysts in conjugation with other organocatalytic cycles has facilitated several asymmetric transformations to yield the enantioenriched products. Regardless of the considerable discussion on the various dual catalytic approaches, literature lacks a comprehensive review focusing on the enamine and iminium-based dual organocatalytic systems. Thus, this review article has discussed the noteworthy achievements in the field of asymmetric catalysis and synthesis catalyzed by the enamine and iminium-based dual organocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Gambhir
- Prof. Ravi P. Singh, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Prof. Ravi P. Singh, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
| | - Ravi P Singh
- Prof. Ravi P. Singh, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
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Del Vecchio A, Sinibaldi A, Nori V, Giorgianni G, Di Carmine G, Pesciaioli F. Synergistic Strategies in Aminocatalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200818. [PMID: 35666172 PMCID: PMC9539941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic catalysis offers the unique possibility of simultaneous activation of both the nucleophile and the electrophile in a reaction. A requirement for this strategy is the stability of the active species towards the reaction conditions and the two concerted catalytic cycles. Since the beginning of the century, aminocatalysis has been established as a platform for the stereoselective activation of carbonyl compounds through HOMO-raising or LUMO-lowering. The burgeoning era of aminocatalysis has been driven by a deep understanding of these activation and stereoinduction modes, thanks to the introduction of versatile and privileged chiral amines. The aim of this review is to cover recent developments in synergistic strategies involving aminocatalysis in combination with organo-, metal-, photo-, and electro-catalysis, focusing on the evolution of privileged aminocatalysts architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Vecchio
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Arianna Sinibaldi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Valeria Nori
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Giuliana Giorgianni
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences Università degli Studi di FerraraVia Fossato di Mortara 1744121FerraraItaly
| | - Fabio Pesciaioli
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
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Yu Y, Liu A, He J, Wang C, Mei H, Han J. Visible-light-irradiated tandem sulfonylation/cyclization of indole tethered alkenes for the synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Diastereoselective Formation of Quaternary Stereocenters in Imidazole N-Oxide Cycloaddition with Fluoroalkenes. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole N-oxides are attractive starting materials for the preparation of complex molecules containing an imidazole ring. Dipolar cycloaddition between 1,1-difluoroalkenes and imidazole N-oxides bearing a chiral auxiliary performed in the presence of oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles was found to provide access to esters and amides bearing a 2-azaheteroaryl substituent at the α position of the imidazole ring as mixtures of diastereomers that, in most cases, are readily separable. This three-component reaction introduces a new tertiary or quaternary all-carbon stereocenter into the heterocyclic ring at a position originally occupied by hydrogen. Importantly, products containing a trifluoromethyl group attached to this stereocenter are readily available as well.
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Intermolecular domino Michael/aldol reactions of α,β-unsaturated esters, aromatic aldehydes, and various nucleophiles promoted with a catalytic amount of a guanidine base in DMSO. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Xiao X, Shao B, Lu Y, Cao Q, Xia C, Chen F. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Organomulticatalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
| | - Bing‐Xuan Shao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
| | - Yin‐Jie Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
| | - Qian‐Qian Cao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
| | - Chun‐Nian Xia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
| | - Fen‐Er Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Fudan University Shanghai 200433 People's Republic China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 People's Republic China
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Singh M, Vaishali, Kumar S, Jamra R, Pandey SK, Singh V. A metal-free approach towards synthesis of β-carboline C1 substituted Pyrido(2,3-c)carbazole derivatives (nitramarine analogues) through A3-coupling and estimation of their light emitting properties. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Avila-Ortiz CG, Juaristi E. Novel Methodologies for Chemical Activation in Organic Synthesis under Solvent-Free Reaction Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:E3579. [PMID: 32781678 PMCID: PMC7464687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One central challenge for XXI century chemists is the development of sustainable processes that do not represent a risk either to humanity or to the environment. In this regard, the search for more efficient and clean alternatives to achieve the chemical activation of molecules involved in chemical transformations has played a prominent role in recent years. The use of microwave or UV-Vis light irradiation, and mechanochemical activation is already widespread in many laboratories. Nevertheless, an additional condition to achieve "green" processes comes from the point of view of so-called atom economy. The removal of solvents from chemical reactions generally leads to cleaner, more efficient and more economical processes. This review presents several illustrative applications of the use of sustainable protocols in the synthesis of organic compounds under solvent-free reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gabriela Avila-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. IPN 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Av. IPN 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- El Colegio Nacional, Donceles 104, Centro Histórico, 06020 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Curti C, Battistini L, Sartori A, Zanardi F. New Developments of the Principle of Vinylogy as Applied to π-Extended Enolate-Type Donor Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2448-2612. [PMID: 32040305 PMCID: PMC7993750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The principle of vinylogy states that the electronic effects of a functional group in a molecule are possibly transmitted to a distal position through interposed conjugated multiple bonds. As an emblematic case, the nucleophilic character of a π-extended enolate-type chain system may be relayed from the legitimate α-site to the vinylogous γ, ε, ..., ω remote carbon sites along the chain, provided that suitable HOMO-raising strategies are adopted to transform the unsaturated pronucleophilic precursors into the reactive polyenolate species. On the other hand, when "unnatural" carbonyl ipso-sites are activated as nucleophiles (umpolung), vinylogation extends the nucleophilic character to "unnatural" β, δ, ... remote sites. Merging the principle of vinylogy with activation modalities and concepts such as iminium ion/enamine organocatalysis, NHC-organocatalysis, cooperative organo/metal catalysis, bifunctional organocatalysis, dicyanoalkylidene activation, and organocascade reactions represents an impressive step forward for all vinylogous transformations. This review article celebrates this evolutionary progress, by collecting, comparing, and critically describing the achievements made over the nine year period 2010-2018, in the generation of vinylogous enolate-type donor substrates and their use in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli
Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università
di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Tan F, Cheng HG. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6151-6164. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02486g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This feature article summarises recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of THCs, with emphases on reaction type and reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients
- Hubei University of Education
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Hong-Gang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- China
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Liu D, Gao Y, Huang J, Fu Z, Huang W. Carbene-Catalyzed Construction of Carbazoles from Enals and 2-Methyl-3-oxoacetate Indoles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14210-14217. [PMID: 30351940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Direct and rapid construction of carbazoles has been successfully developed via carbene-catalyzed oxidative formal [4 + 2] annulation of enals with 2-methyl-3-oxoacetate indoles. This metal-free reaction features a broad substrate scope, features good functional-group tolerance, proceeds under mild conditions, and can be easily scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Yaru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road , Nanjing 211816 , China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , China
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